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Show h V - , nm, 1 - .jFyy -.v l y t -.Ml C i " f r W v' VJ' vAviHpy ip' jTf r:7 , . : ':. By EDITKAL-WATSON- - I Tff '1 ' s' ' XiV?nor f JITyDrNa 6tf the edge of his lit- I - V rf5wTM--D,,.M t&F He eofnlleld .the'lllopl farmer 'lll'- - SHungop Pueblo ' . Wokt.at Jtlropand imllek His ' LSjlf'-! ' - JUL . JjTlJ moveand gjentle words come fl7 V Jy from. ' them words which carry 1 vT tjti A M ' (H: 'so much of heorteltness that w CVJ WM' Q. .' might' goes their 'meaning, from . VV'.Vl i4' I .1 ;v.57a7'WSl "jrax ' " -''"'' - 'th' Brtnth- with Which ey are V ,Y ' , Wr 4 F&A 1 Ta- 1 I I nttered, and know, because they J4dUw ,e:r .spoken' softly as well as . Ju-f, " f( VftbKCS 'M ilJ "U earnestly, thar they' weT'e axTdressed-to Thosd ,1' ' ',A' Above, whom we caU.The-'AMUghty. ' OTTh . r TAS . vf' Vf f fi ' . fKwa kwl, kwa kwl," is what u,e nop! snys: l: - . ' AW Y fH ' ( " ftX "thanks, thanks l' And in these,, words he ex. - . """' C 'V 11 ' "Uw'' presses one of the most characteristic of In- i " . s; , OiT'.aaV- l tf C1 ' 1 K ' dlan custom.,, that 'Of. -giving thanks on every tV; ) 1 J 'd 7 occasion and no,4tter how slight the pretext. ;V - Jt- .iKAiAC - L . W. ma, ,.rrn .at the,.thought . of uttering health UJgdod; if k cTiUU who has fallen and 1 . , . . 'i, hurt.'ltseir llgRflyV'begrn'to smile; again; If . '. . Vi "Vff:f)B..i " ' ' rato comesf-foTany or' air of Ihe small matters , ,Ly-- ""I J v-, " w ' ,,'"n which ', HU.everrday.v. Tet wt,who pride our- ,, SyS),.,.'. ! fc. Jr j?YX4? " -".-tw'-'- '" i' ,eles on. du laanners, and wjw'are prompt to ' ,. , , 1 .fiAy? 12 jVJSlI. I ackn6wledge;th-; lightest: faW fsdm Tellow- ' : ''L r W-.T v5 '1 9 human, .cannot help M adSlfe' V efltfuette '- afM .ft T f iT&t .ktih f t t ' which; caHs'Yor ackhowtedgnAnt to. God also r : I . ilVj A 111 1 Y&t " j Vv; 1 and when, w realize. that-aU.these-.aeemlngly. - OP4 - IA'KijiVc slight events si's 'beyond the unaided, power .of, ,-Jt&Wl " f I J&rt3u4 mah td bring about, rwe feel :ftat"we. Mve: bgen , fix C gl II Ml f hf jS",2" vf. W 1 4-' ungrateful to ttk so"mycriiorranted without ; . J t?j V ? tTU I fi&im, M. bothewng't;. acknowledge thesource. '" : (wlMarlrfJll lit liKv 'fJ 'W&l'?S 'lA'r'if 1 vcdntent with -unemllrsr thankfulness. -the .WVKV'J g l&J Hi 1 . Ipd!aq-,lsMa1d cvwnettaner. both sa-s-jffig I fcwUf Bl M . ftlyV AHd aftM, monls. TpjOift words cTt4itftMia.i( ! j Hi - '''Ar;' )H' I4,'""SS 1 . ' prayer were fdded'in olferlnf r Jedod, wblch :'Mwr;r f f fi-Ss litMl. XitV -' . .IncnprOaionce. at Taps ' .durxrvcl ).' By EDITKA' L.' WAT80N" ' I 'JlTANDrNq o Ule' Cdgs of his Ht-ff7 Ht-ff7 tl 'rn,,el(,' the'lllopl farmer s . Wbks.at rop and smiles. His JrTJ lips moveand gentle words come SL3f from, them -words which carry fYT . - niu?1r ,0' hearteltness that w U '.' might ''goeils their meaning, from tbVwBfmth- with Which they are MstlII1BJ nttered, and know, because they .ire spoken softly as well as earnestly, that ' thy' Were addressed- to Thosd Above, whom we caUTie"'AlrMghty. ' ' ' ? ?Kwa kwl, kwa kwi," is wha the nopf gays: "thanks, thanks P And in tjiess,. words he ex. presses one of the most characteristic of Indian In-dian customs,. that of.-giving thanks on every I occasion and no0atter how slight the pretext. ; We may .sjnjla .ft .ths ,.thought ; of uttering ; thanks for the presence of a visitor; that his health is'gdod; if a cTiUU who has fallen and hUrt;ltself "llgnrlyV'begrn"to smile; again If rain comes-foT any or' air Of lh small matters which flUt every-day..-. Tet we,.' who pride our-,elves our-,elves oil . due manners, and who' are prompt to ackn6wledge;th' lightest: faijor f soni 'fellow-human, 'fellow-human, cannot hep .but admire th eflrjuetfe which-calls 'for acknbwI'edgtmVnt to God alsor and when, w realize. that aU..these-.aeemIngly slight events ae beyond the unaided, power, of mah td bring 'about, rwe feel :tna"we, Mye: been ungrateful to rake sc'much''iorranted wl(hout bothdriag't;. acknowledge the source.. ' ' '' .. JToU content with -unmllrjgtliankfuilness, -the Ipdlarjs,, plsosstd jrace,- sorneUme both bPfor ad aite, monls.- T Oift words- of Ttkai littler ! pVa'yef were' fdued n otTering 'it tbod, which ; wa'k''c6s'lfn't1)"rli'e'flr W1ii 'grace, wa.,spQken. : elr;-,iaiWi W 'tec'frR'arid eat I" I,- i . - ' - ' ' v? . . . ." ;-' A Group-of Santa Clara Pueblo Indians' ' ajKLId nqt. .neglect, either. There Is a little CeYokeer!taie,.wbb "iilpstrafes the custom of celebrating- before f feasting; . , ,;.,.. ...... Seveuf yalves went out hunting and .caught a fat "groundhogt' Weir prey, considering that with presence of mind there might be a chance for-'absence- of body; - reminded them th'at people, peo-ple, always danced for gratitude when they -Had something good to eat giving the Green Corn dance as. an example He urged the wolves to do likewise, and offered to teach them steps and to sing for them.' ' The wolves, although they were very hungry, eagerly agreed to hold this dance- of .thanksgiving, and during their celebra- ' eatdith).Zl as hiperforwied. the rife "Spirit; i partSkjal'-'.i msrmHredh'akeia-wonian,' hlid : ber iiusband techoe .thajTWilepefed prayer and1 offering of gratitude. ..vi In the Pueblo lnnd, no cooking was yn4er)k-en'iwithout yn4er)k-en'iwithout am offering.. A jtfncn of nieaj pr,e-' r ceded the bread Into the .osenj.X,blf of each sort of .food. was. placed in. tjj Are' with a - thought of ' thanksglvlhg 'for' past a'nd ; future, before meals. The smallest children rhad their bands guide in' thht -Wtfe Veremony, .for the spirit of gratttttde to -ThoseAboye for everything, every-thing, and for food above "all,' was strppg in ev cry .Indian bsari., ; piothlrg. itheyi could skimp,' U'he('aryt'hltvAibc cajaiao: wlthbut,' but life Itself depended on . food, and they '-were grateful for It - tf-"., ! . - -- -But do not think that-"httnger " was the-necw sary ' ingredient of an. Indian meal. .. Conking was not. . Ije haphazard operation we might believe be-lieve jt to have 'feeenV Theft' WreilfW-fhree ways of preparing "corn, andfw should" offer-' thanks on' our own accounts for this Indian food, as we eat succotash, homtay. and other corn- dishes prepared,, long before, .our time, by the "savages" of Araeylcaj. ... . t :There.were ;deer and mountain sheep for a change from buffalo, aad 'flsh from ;the many streams, and ducks and other birds were nunfer"-ous nunfer"-ous and varied, sorthat no-one1 need live on turkey". The great' - "kitchen mldrTens -found along the coast- prove . that, oysters were a gfeat'X enjoyed Indian j:oj)dan.(l Jturles also helped in the menu. . , i, ' ' " While we are hunting for Indian dlsfieV'to plnctfTm lr Thanksgiving dinner tajdewrmay give thought tp the appropriate. beerag far this trjuly-Aowrlcan jaeal. - Oi. coursi,. j6e..a.verage man will demand coffee, which is not a native drink, but mite, which its a hlghcffeipfccpn-.tent hlghcffeipfccpn-.tent .would be the nearest drtokVf - thte Joft. Teas madbrfrpni dried 4oweirfl6rcu tivlgs and rootl $-ohld betrnlUn.decoctldiiaf but scarcely enjoyable to e'u Iheff'lpalates. TIs--wln.Tthe, ApacheCteeif madeXof sprouted corn, frould be appreprint-, tu It Ilcohollc to a con-sjdwalile con-sjdwalile degree. .h'theoiJly rgal Indian beverage which ' appeals fd 'taodert te'stPS Is chocolate, favorite drink of the Aitee klng, . -Aft'er- dinner. In thhi-J?hen It Is too early lor the footbart-g$iiacn4l every one Is too contentedly, filled o-CareaJyBot exertion anyway, any-way, th,s,alr ieglns t-grc-, rfltzy with tobacco srqokes' Here," too, ls'- ansjld Indian -custom elos.ely associated wltht thV giving of rhanka Few tribes" used tobacco to. smoke-b.s" we -do; rather It .carried-. meiapes t the;' gods. In tts clouds of trmDke. '9,he-pIpe, was preentedf- or the smokfr blown.; to the' lour world-uHarterB. tlon the grouddhog escaped. ' The Green Corn dance, to which the animal Alluded, itf one of the favorites among Indlah ceremonies of thanksgiving, although it Is held at the time of green corn late summer. Among the Creeks this festival Was the occasion of for glyeness, when Injury and hatred were forgotten' forgot-ten' The ' ceremonies lasted from four to eight 'dayOpu were' lharlred . by4; rejoicing over the flrsi -jalts? tiEt-ear. " - ; ;'.- -' ,' The Paehlps also hold a green corn festival, beautiful ah'd symboWcal, a sort- of grace be-', ta$tf the, harvest TBtn later in the year, about ; rfe. tiJae of our own Thanksgiving day. there te hipvest festivals, when the prayers of gratt-tude-ijse endlessly to Those Above, as the bap-' ly ' People celem-ate with ceremony and- feasting the -gifts whichtthe Earth Mother has bestowed, rrrone. ancieyitVPueljlo" Bance,. great Urays full of. Oiflnest vegetables, bread, and meats, were tluvw'o;aDout.;and trampled Into the earth, form1. Jji-agrQat. Offering to express the thanks" bit .Reopie. , - : .;''. '; ' Siough Shelter and clothing are as.lm-rtant'to. as.lm-rtant'to. us asfood, .we have not left off the Bge-oM association ; of. ford "'with celebration. Indeed, -Thanksgiving "day centers around the dianet table.;." At. first a fast-day, the eart American colonists gradually assimilated h the DM Jndlan customs, and toddy the annual fehsr It' lsHtra'tfge' hbW AearlJf ;tti?grace before meals of white men and red coincide. . Both ,ei press thauLs,. the: jahite raqajij words,' the in-. in-. dlan by his offering of. topi .a.a well,-' and both ask blessings. to come. A unlfgrafe rjuivs as follows:' --'- v-.,c:-, "Makers of the trail tf oin-'iiyes andye splflfs 'Kit owvneesserSiS'flsf .tii adrjftK1unt jtourherfrtsvafter-' thaHanaoaer ,if 'mt'To'a' kiWdedf,.nflib,lesa,"BS wittt4AS- 'rWW&i&MA. w y&$h vi 1 Kf!- , It must have been, ijefj iQVeJjJ. fjrlVn': Which the nclenr-'TNa refer: icf the bSautnjs- 'o'r'un'tolMef Satureitff-henold rhiBre'-were: fctsldiWth Whdshiiwaiul lnWsTto ccnpy.-.th laVt'iaaar inlind. a. The -Nayhp praffri:.' , '-'j'" 'r Mik bVamiful all ''thttvis 'before m&c'; w MaweAfceanttfirl-aM-rha-rs 'behind msvX.'i r.!;1: It 1 done .nv beaut.? v H ' , . ..-.. .. . . ..':'' was answ'"'5r'id dally to all the'Vribes, andonf" of this ae'fene' beauty 'OP their Earth MotherthriV' -greW a -Vty strong- rellglott,tbe"v'essreBce.'of-w rellglott,tbe"v'essreBce.'of-w Mctv ssaa itaaBkagtylna;.-: w ,' ..;. .-?. -Cv'"" There Meabeantlful. Tjwa cjaremeny'-w'hlcli ecours about 'arvat-tlm-h.at -of -ivlriK. the 'perfect see'ils'ln charge anjf alfowlngKii-JS!artfi Mother to'restr fot ' wlllfe. " The finesseeijs oi iaU'-aortV are searehedHfMjy "fte Kossa, 'tvisnnji above aid below, to-symbollze the" Bering of prayer In all -directions, "-it was: puffed during ceremon!es,and at.connclls, jThe Chippewa afi'd "plaoybther tribes use .tv.bacco as a-thank ai'f."t'Whftn..the cut a "bitch tree .for Its ; baf.tHey "bury". little tobacco at tt roots," gtviftg' -tbanka, as 'they do so. The Pueblos fli small pareeJjs .of iobacco to their prayeTrStickslx'anjj. the tribe WhJch have dog-killing ceremonies fasten bundles of tobacco to the legs and neck of the sacrificed animals, bidding them to carry 'these to the .spirit land with them, there to present lhem with prayers for health and plenty for ,the tribe littler-'of that anclengratitnde jsj eft; and we, in' pur hard mbdera she.Ha, celebrate the day of- thanksgiving by feasting without -.ceremony. Yet In our hearts we have studied the nestlon, "what, are we thankful - forr and -flnd-vmany things, which made us glad tol be alive among them, perhaps, "the fact that iwe are not Indians In-dians I .? We owe acknowledgment ic Providence, that iEblvV certain. And becauae-we, after all, are a thoughtful and a courteous people, some time during Thanksgiving day we will echo In our; hearts the words said by our predecessors, centuries cen-turies ago: "Thanks, that it Is so V ( br Waatara Nawapaper t7a.Ua.) : . of,', gratitude U - areal ' American lnstltunon. :linee it seems all the more fitting that most of th -cMsiies:' which are traditional to-the. day kld ' bp;-tbose -which the Indians themselves spnJpyedL aoi celetirated In the eating. . , iQislset .'.vkere .to - that, grand AmerWan. "aVtbV ruftj Nothing like -him was ever' yetef6'aid the newcomers thoughtthat-he iWB"-te' sorae' relation to "the peacock, ; as he 'Sfjaiited 'ln; hi iridescent finery.' Perhaps; ther Isjis'thogaore deHclous'than young wild tnrSej J4e) :r4Uffla-nuts, which the -Indians of the Scitraivisctt "new. '-. With " tMa.'-nobie Wf d ; arrays t otftto, an Amer'Ifah "broduct which 1evha-Wek 1evha-Wek nJoed long before the coming-of;Colum-buft 110 " tact, t In ( th6se i pre-dlscovisry days, :'rfleKca- furnlshed some of the . choicest . and tlp -palatable foods which' -WO-know of; Some of, thew.rgwwj alsOj in. the eastern-hemisphere, birtBiany- were distinctly and distinctively Ajnesteaa ' i -..V ' TBe 'Tndians had real cause for thanksgiving In. the variety and tastfness of the food. Trae, there was no beef, but buffalo humps were a delicacy which has been celebrated In practically prac-tically every history of early Americans, and ribs, Juicy and tender, roasted over coals, would rival the famous cookery of the Old world, yet requiring no other sauce than hunger. ,mer priesthood 'and i'tovs'f each ;kiiidBre sanctified, guarded, snd planted abeu!M&j(rfaya before, the rest of the crop Is put &attte' fall--the ' perfect" e3 x .these seiCd'-plaats are gathered, and a( (he concluslohofay fea of thanksgiving, -thaKoisa give ibt' Quarrano, a winter priesthood, to) lirjtS the next planting-time. " . jjf ''V ' ''At tils'-ttme,' out of 'gratlfiWe to? the wr Mother,"1 strong me'dJetoe ttiBadethat she. ma laieep'afrefalbher toll. An-prflig and summer, shebas gLxert-Of hBr .flesh.; In H fcinlsof-tore fcinlsof-tore to. her chjidwsn. Sowiy, .sh 4s viQ needs to rest Ih feasting . jhioe,t n year's, seects laid 'by, - anil "nd'w, cbmesCa kero ln whrlch' the grnfief ui' Indlahpeople k?t8vijet making' no noise Unit -fliaf bel6d:MofM.-i ?aieJ - No 'load'talktilg-JS iriWwed In- Tewa tms,aral fcwr.DClse. Ja.Jjus.-.nfjtlllV-Ras Mdr Uec,lf 4rjia thanksgivlniiu-" tye,.. naturally, but sJocerancj expressedxld terms" of human-kind. - , , t . The dances' and ceremonies which preceded various feasts were something" like ian enlargement enlarge-ment of the grace before meals. Harvest-time meant happiness, and it also brocght with it the obligation of giving thanks, so by combining the celebrations with rites, the Indian enjoyed both |