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Show 1 0n thTtmlofik2mrcMdBmd-CfiMFlijM I I 1 I J Luigi Galleani and Enrico Malatesia Gave Most Trouble by Their I 1 1 fwlVlLi ' Indirect Suggestions for Outrages Like the Wall Street Bomb I I 1 : mliff ml ffL "T - Explosion Attending a Meeting of Reds Fraught With I I I -BhBtTPL $ f - Danger, but Fruitful of ResultsInteresting I I 1 l BBfc... -jljfesS , Points About Anarchists Cleared Up I j - By WILLIAM J. FLYNN, 1; I ,,r Former Chief of the United State vjBl Secret Service. 19 CASE VII. Wj'l 'XE 01 thc most ciifficult individuals B3 ."! ) the Unite'1 States Secret Service B U has ever had to deal with, because W lie was the brainiest, was Luigi Galleani. aja A When the ranK and file of Americans hear sg-l word Anarchist or are told of alleged 33 or proved Anarchist plottlngs their minds Hf a':inost invariably produce the names that they have learned to consider synonyms ' for anarchy Goldman, Berkman, Glovan-Dltl, Glovan-Dltl, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (to whom I t have not tho distinction of being related), I Carlo Tresca and possibly Enrico Mala- I I testa. J Save for the last named exponent of V I I chaos I haye sufficient reason to believe L lhat not one oC lh others I have mentioned . 1 possesses the virtue of deep sincentv. WL . J Comparing them with Malatesta, I should u; iiitui as iiiioui omers, aimosi gjHT fakers, v.-ho mane professions of their ae- I ' credited political helicff, who converted pfl t!eir so-called ideal? into bread and butter EH jobs. Goldman, Flynn and Tresca were pH bright, but far from intellectual. They EsS were smart rather than clever. As leaders. in so far as an Anarchist can be said to ffj lead, they lacked almost all the essentials EH of leadership save glibness. H 1 ask that you do not consider me unfair to these popular names. I merely desire to indicate as clearly as I may their inferior- ErJ lty when compared with Malatesta. who jp as an Anarchist without reservations, taj j At least he was sincere, possessed of a M 9 fine mind, capalle of clear thinking along gm j "is own Hne of thought and utterly con- 3 I 6istent When he left America not to l - return his place was tilled by Luigi Gal- g-J kanl. and ontlrelv filled Was Malatcsta's Prize Pup' I; ' j Headed Most Radicil Group j! I Galleani was Malatcsta's pupil, his prize SO pupil. He v. as deported in 101$ It was his group of radicals that distributed the &HH bombs on the occasion when the atta k SaB was made upon the home of A. Mitchell 'iiWt Palmer in Washington, killing one of the PHk borrfbers. It was thp Galleani Reds who qjBj conceived and carried nt the Wail street m5 outrage. Both Sacco and Vanzotti, the 1 New England radicals, studied In the Cal- : -Atani school. I am not making these Btate- I monts merely for effect. The United States ngH Government has conclusive evidence of ?m lte truth of what I say. It is lamentablv CHfll irue that we cannot single out the mur- BH derors who actually committed the Wall jH street crime, which, by the way, is not JH solved, despite thc recent dispatches from H Warsaw. IfjjS But we could get this far: I could trace am t he name of Galleani through tho preliml- jW nary plotting that culminated iu the Wall street explosion up. to a certain point, and 9 then the inevitable Anarchist twlal Lmf To Illustrate, my readers may recall that B Leon Czolgosz, before being executed for H the murder of President McKlnley, an- H nounced his belief in thc speeches of Emma H (ioldmau. Czolgosz declared that ho had H decided upon the assassination after ll6ten- ing to toldman talk four or five times. But I wac never able to fasten upon Goldman ; H the direct responsibility. I was never able H to prove that she had said that President H McKlnley should have been assassinated. 1 In brief, wo were unable to trace Czolgosz'a ; H crazy deed back to the source, defined. H But there was no reasonable argument H against the belief that it was Goldman who 1 H planted the seed in the assassin's mind. 1 You will recall Andrea Snlsedo. tho An- j 1 archist printer, who committed suicide by 1 jumping from one of tho windows of the 1 AJepartment of Justice offices lu Park Row. bbssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss Scenes at the Wall Street w bomb explosion I blamed by Chief Flynn on I teachings of I Enrico Malatesta and Luigi Gall eani. Above is Sub Treasury, Treas-ury, at right interior of Banking House of J. P. Morgan & Co. Salsedo admitted to us that he was a member mem-ber of the Galleani group of radicals. I learned from sources too impressive and reliable to be disbelieved that it was Galleani Gal-leani who not only sowed the seed that grew into the attack upon Wall street but he plotted tho thing and forwarded his suggestions to America I might have connected Salsedo nrlth that outrage more closely than we could connect Czolgosz's act with Emma Goldman Gold-man or Emma Goldman with the actual assassination of President McKlnley, but between the actual outrage and the Anarchists An-archists wc questioned there was, as there always is in such affairs, that vague span of probability for which we could find no solid foundation. In other words, evidence evi-dence of the sort the court would require was missing. We were certain, but we had little to hand to a jury. And to say that we tortured tor-tured or otherwise harmed any of the Reds was to be to absurd to consider. They were well cared for. We held them because we were after evidence that they were helping help-ing us to get. He wanted us to hold him. Two things caused Salsedo to jump from the fourteenth story of the Park Row Building. Of course he was dead three months before the Wall street explosion. But he knew that the plot existed. One was that he decided we were getting too close to his own trail and the other was because he feared torture and most unplcarant death at thc hands of the radicals, radi-cals, who believed him to be turning Informer. In-former. He had sufficient liberty to make it possible for him to receive Innumerable threats from radicals who thought hi m betraying them. Luigi Galleani came into newspaper prominence first in Paterson, X. J. During the silk mill strikes in that town in 19(C he was arrested for inciting to riot. Ha fled, not to be found until 1906. when he was arrested in Barre, Vt He was tried la Paterson iu 1907 and the jury disagreed. Thereafter Galleani confined his efforts to soft, provocative speeches and news paper work that showed him a thinker and i master of rhetorical effect. He failed to create furores because the people whom he sought to reach were of a class in-rapable in-rapable of understmding his fine innuendo and iudirect urging. He was a master of double meaning ami ambiguous inference. He wrote cleverly, profusely and continuously. con-tinuously. We watched him until wo were sick of it. That is all there was to IiIb rase watching. Much fun was poked at us for our vigilance, but you must understand under-stand that had he not realized that wc wnre observing him he would have nban- doned his ambiguity and roundabout methods. It was clearly a case of eternal vigilance being our most effective defense against a man ready to start something if left un guarded. To be sure we did certain things that appeared absurd at tho time Now that I look back at them they look absurd to me. But you must remember that the average detective is not a Sherlock Holmes or a Father Brown; nor Is he anything like any of the sleuths of fiction. He is nothing more nor less than a man sent out from a bureau to learn what he can about an individual or an incident. His failures, like his shortcomings, aie many. But he has persistency and courage, and after all these two qualities are infinitely in-finitely superior to this sixth, seventh or eighth sense stuff that our fiction detectives detec-tives are armed with. i iiKe to tliiPk of the night 1 decided to invade a meeting of radicals in Twcntv-sixth Twcntv-sixth street. G.illeaui was to be the principal prin-cipal orator so far as we knew, but probably prob-ably the meeting vas to be purfly an aichistic without organization, or program, pro-gram, or leader. I had been traveling around listening to much vague red talk P.nd was somewhat proud of my kuowledge 0 the Malatesta following. There was no announcement of the meeting I proposed attending, in fact, I was not at all certain there would be one. Nevertheless I girded myself in the most approved disguise. 1 donned overalls, a bandanna handkerchief, a queer looking hat of some sort or other and brdgaus. which I took good care 6hould be well i.ite.l with plaster and otherwise made to look like the boots of a laborer. I went to tho Twenty-sixth street place and walked In. Probably I had better say that 1 brushed in. There was a long, weedy man on the door. I said nothing to him just brushed past and went in. "How do you do," he greeted mo most courteously. "How do you do comrade," I returned. "Rather surprising to see you here," he commented. "Yes," I replied, "I have been away, you :ec, and " "Quite so." ho interrupted, "and might 1 ask to what precinct you aro attached these days'" Ol course I got out. He didn't know me. 1 ul he knew I was from some branch of the police. He was a very polite man and old not laugh until I was beyond hearing, nl any rate. I assure you I was frightfully h igrlned I had rather prided myself on that disguise. That doorkeeper might have mado his fortuuo ns a sleuth. Copyright. WiZ, by Tho New After all one never learned much of real importance by sitting sit-ting around listening to radicals. I doubt very much whether Galleani Gal-leani or any other prominent anarchist in this countrv since the Haymarkct disaster in Chicago Chi-cago worked up to a bomb out rage from a definite plan. I mean to say that they do not start out, as you might, to nt-i nt-i omplish an end and cleave to a detinite line until that end has been gained. They work deviously. devi-ously. Galleani. for instance, will sug gest. One of his close companions com-panions will pass on the suggestion. sug-gestion. The idea will pass fcither and 3'on until eventually a partbularly wild man or woman will touch off the bomb or ignite the fire. Trace It back and you becomo lost in thc most complicated labyrinth of indirect statements, state-ments, evasions and plain lies, and you learu sooner or later that you are destined to emerge from the maze at the same spot you entered, having gained nothing. Wo know that (Jalleanl was in full posses slon of all the facts of the San Francisco bomb plot, for which Tom Mooney and others went to jail. At tho time that outrage out-rage was perpetrated Galleani was writing for one of the numerous ephemeral newspapers news-papers he either founded or edited. This particular journal was the Cronaca Sovvct va a nd that he was more or less informed regarding the San Francisco affair wo gath ered from one of his editorials, wherein he declared that neither Billings. Mooney. Xolen. Weiitburg nor Rena Mooney were guilty. That statement in itself was not partli D larly impressive, inasmuch as newspapers of the so-called capitalistic class had said similar things about the affair But his editorial edi-torial continued to say that the preparedness prepared-ness parade that was bombed that day in San Francisco constituted "a triumph of shame, of vlleness, of idleuers. treason and owardice." And do you think." the article went on. "that no one had the courage to interrupt this festivity" That day a man who has never been known, saturated with auger and hate against the untiring tortures of the populace, wanted to tell to the tyrant and to the slaves equally . that if violence is benefitting when It reenforces the dominion of the rich he must protest on behalf of his class And that message he intrusted to the roaring of dynamite " Later on Galleani told ns the men he referred re-ferred to had left tho country Inasmuch as I had nothinc to do with tho San Francisco affair I am not in a position to hold forth thereon But this I do know, whoever did it was well known to Galleani, and Galleani knew it was about to be perpetrated and who was to do thc a tual work. When Galleani fled from Paterson after the silk mill riots he established himself in Barre. Yt after a year or so in Canada. He had BUCCeeded to the crown laid a by his mentor, Malatesta, and v. as under going thc same troubles as had that master. mas-ter. He was an intellectual, and as such was surrounded by the radical intelligentsia. intelligent-sia. He made speeches warranted to bring about action. Just as long as he had sn excited mob to deal with he remained tho idol of the Anarchists, but in more peaceful days he wrote and talked in a less lien and more academic manner. That was pleasing to other Intellectuals, but the rough element failed to appreciate It. Tho latter faction was constantly straying after other leaders. Galleani became be-came involved in a newspaper wranglo with one Pedro Esteve, editor of La Que$-Hone Que$-Hone Social?, and started his own organ, the Coif,-!! Bowcrsiva. 1 shall n n attempt to follow up this flRht t-xcept to say that the battle of phrases that ensued ruined whatever unity, peace and concord there may have been among the thousand and one Anarchist factions that Galleani was supposed to hold together. to-gether. Fearful internal chaos resulted. Erstwhilo popular Anarchists began running run-ning off with the wives of other popular Anarchists Meetings broke up in general fiehting. As an organized menace the Anarchists became be-came something of a ribald Joke. The greatest dauber lay in the possibility of any one or dozen of th"?m going a little more berserk than their normal state had been and blowing up a town or a ship or a railroad anything So-called confessions of certain of them (who were gathered in on various occasions occa-sions by the police and confronted with jail senteucc with hard labor and daily baths attached thereto) read like the) small Scandal of a Gopher Prairie Sometimes the transcripts of these confessions read like ravings. I have never met an Anarchist yet who had a sense of humor. I am convinced, as you would be were you to take the time to i cad these blithering statements, that no person with a sense of humor could be au Anarchist at least not tho type we had and have hero in America. Kor several years before the Wall street explosion there were two principal groups of Anarchists here rn New York tho Galleani Gal-leani and the Bresci groups. The former adhered to their creed of violence direct action. The Bresci group, while by no means pacifists or reactionary, were less ready to touch off bomb?. Bresci Followed a Writer Asked to Join Other Groups Duriug the time we were examining Andrea Salsedo wo corralled members of both groups and learned that ?. few months before thc Wall street explosion one of them, n member of the Bresci gioup, met a GallcauS in New Haven. The former had something ol a reputation reputa-tion for manifesto writing a sharp, pithy Style that was noted for its ability to stir up those who believed in that sort of literature. liter-ature. The Galleani man asked tho Bresci to abandon his less direct leader and join the direct action mob, aud. in coming, to fetch his trenchant pen along I 'I am llattered." said tho Galleani anarchist. an-archist. "Why do you want me?" I "To write of the immediate future." "What is in the air" Jj "Well, I can trust to your discretion. mm We are preparing another bomb plot Something like San Francisco." mm "Listen," replied the Bresci man, "you people are crazy. If the liberty of the pres kmm and, speech is furt'aer suppressed it is your mmm "Well, that i3 all there is to it. You are very stubborn." "Do you Intend really to accomplish this -Ww "Not now, because we cannot rind the ; material, and maybe we cannot find thc mm material for another job." LaBasa What Galleani Taught I In School of Anarchism Roberto Ella, a follower of Galleani end L particular chum of Andrea Salsedo. was deported rome time after thc Wall street explosion. The chances were that it was he who wrote the leaflet "Plain Words" found on the streets and in mail boxes tl i cay of the Wall street explosion. We had BTCTy evidence that he even printed the li allots. But it is quito another thing to gather the evidence that a jury would de- But to get back to thc man dalleani, we find that he conducted something of a school at Barre, Yt. There he taught an-: an-: irohy as he saw it. His pupils when asked I to define anarchy would invariably reply something like this. "Anarchy is unimposed government; a society liberally constituted. Any indi-vi indi-vi dual can donate to the society bis Intel-ligence, Intel-ligence, his knowledge and his work and he will get in return his necessities." ' What Is society?" t "Mankind." tisBBBal "Can't you be more specific regarding anarchy? Will it not do away with all forms of organized government?" H "Anarchy is the philosophy of opposition that form of violence known as organ lted government." Galleani taught his pupils that he embodied em-bodied all the philosophy of such of his predecessors as Kropotkin. Malatesta. Herve, Bakunin and Ferrer, and topped all this erudition off with his own superior-lty superior-lty of intellect. "1 am the most Intellectual man in America." was one of Galleani's modest s'atemcnts. H I believe the man was sincere in his belief. I seldom came into contact with a person quite so superior. Galleani encountered discouragement along with the rest of us. Watched as he was. he la ked freedom of action. Some time before his deportation we asked him whether he did not think he was taking upon himself -a rather difficult task when ho essayed to bring about 6uch a radical chauge in the American Government. "I do not admit the authority of Government," Gov-ernment," he replied, "but I do think it is almost impossible to remove this Government Govern-ment at present, because society Is not in condition to live without government. Whenever men will all bo persuaded, then Will come a better form of government individualism, anarchy But mankind is too stupid now." This remarkable egotist was born in Vercclli, in the province of Novara, Italy He studied law in tho University of Turin. His social and political theories expanded faster than his knowledge of the Btatute.v so instead of getting hir degree he was ' hanished bv the Italian Government to the convict settlement of Pantelleria. The rocky shores and the forlorn isola-,o:i isola-,o:i of this bit of land did not restrain t;alleani one nipht from putting to sea in a small boat while the g'lard was suffering from carelesiness. The next land ht stepped upon was Ogypt. He came to America In 1901, when ;;bout 30 years old |