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Show I MAJOR CLARK'S FINAL PEACE TREATY TALK I I Covenant Declared Instrument of War Authority on International Law Sees No Hope of Peace Should V ersailles Pact Be Sanctioned by Uncle Sam. ikTAJOB CLARK delirercd al th Salt Lake theater last niprht the Las1 of hi; eriei ol five talks on the League, the first ulk br uf a general b ,h si? of the league, with a discussion of some of t, . more important points ndvanced by league advocate. The monti talk dealt with th fnilurc .f the league to function in prs.-nt world i conditions, the third with the constitutional function "f the senaie in treat v-makinjr and the reservations proposed by the Reiiate to the I covenant; the fourth with the trial of a cause before the oouri' :il or the assembly. j The talk last night dealt with mandates under the le-agiK- ih peakci showed how three powers France, ireat Britain and Belgium Bel-gium had taken all Germany's possessions in Africa; how France, ("jrra: Britain lial.v and tireece had absorbed Turkish territory in 1 Asia Minor and Mesopotamia . how Japan and Great Britain divided 1 the German Pacific Islands between them; and how they attempted t( induce the I nited States to take Armenia and Turkey, which l.loyd (leorjre had stated in parliament was too difficult and non-a non-a m m rativc for an ..t the European powers to undertake. The speaker al o read ft statement of Lord Milncr s to the effect t! at article 22 nl the (.(venan1 was drawn up to carry out an earlier agreement between the powers regarding the distribution of the Gcru an cVdonics; that under that agreement certain (.erman colonies wnnl t.. Gr ;it Britain free from the mandate provisions; and that it tins earlier agreemenl had not 1 ecu reached several powers would not hae signed the covenant, i m full ffillows: I -I - H YEAR Or EDUCATION. B K lIMle mor li J' ' -:ir sko of H ua gatnrreil together In th tahcrna'-le H x; I di'ruMi'l the igue Of unions. It H T rerncmher right I. we, or some of us H then concluded i h f . In all human prooa- H bility. thr adoption of the league of na- H lion would constitute th" Kr"! issue of H tin next prceidentul ratijpaign. H There were thr.' the audienci H re-ail, who Beamingly did not full ngn e H With thla or with me other vlewa that Hi to , that there were eome. many of the H j Ofcted very nvjen that our foreign affairs HHHV gholi.'ri x- made a parti-um Inane. I have HHBf r glwmys ahared that ilopnra! Ion aivl Imf HBHk fc.t the same feeling Juat as keenly aa I HJa fir.d no vi j HH 1 letlvea to express Ineir srorn and d- HBhJ rUlon over it, .v when we Republlesna Hj ha ft to .nil It nece'i HJ the country to oppose certain Pemoeratie HJ policies I have observed al Dei HH lt;nk that n'op the water HHj tgr on'y 'me HHh P' HH Nor have 1 evr bten able quite to eee HHJ bow we should or eight 10 try to cei ape Hl h an laaue. lecause I he league cove- HH lent u edmlttocli' a world political dovu- HH irteftt and rolltlcal parties must d-al with BBBBBBBBaS , . . r.mhUm iml vlr.i o f ha! .let. 11- IlTent violate ever tenet of Republican political faith and by the Mine token la In complete harmony with every principle princi-ple of the Dtmocric, advanced by the last and the leant ordained of the old . : feraonlan part. It was an certain as ; hi? ris'.nt of the aun that we should have to fight It out al the nolle. The meet' lr.it or theae two fundamental theories have Always produced political war ond iruit they alwaya will, for If ever De-I De-I n.ocrui y. a now Interpret el by the pret-eht pret-eht l)mocrallc l"adrrx again obtains H complete maatery of our xovernmenta' maenlnery, and If the- have thn courage 9 OX their aJleged political onvlctlona. thia K nation, aa Republicans have known It and E loved It. as thc hast- prayed for It and fought for It. la gon lor. vrr Before proceedlnk' with o;r muln theme, that of mandates under the covenant li K may he well to refresh ourselves on the I i i mposition of the league. PEOPLES IN THE LEAGUE Tou will recall from our former talk I that the league of nations was to he con-p con-p "'.luted with thirty-two charter mem-I mem-I here and thirteen Invited number? Aa matter of fact, the league of n.i- tlona haa now been constituted practically ! ''ii montha. 'f t.i- forty-five nations which were to comtoc It tnlrty-nlne have a!gnlfetl their assent to the plan Kjid have joined !he leaiie Of thp l.Ki.-OfiO.eoo l.Ki.-OfiO.eoo people whom It was planned to have In the league, the present thirty-nine thirty-nine leagn Btatoa have broucM in 1 os;,-lKCi.090. os;,-lKCi.090. or ten out of e.-ery eleven per-E per-E eona. ao leavlnjr 11S.000.000 still outside the leajrAie ! , BO Ihe fact, speaking i roughly, a? one must with euch large and Indef.nM statistics aa the population 1 of the world, that of the entire civilized L portlona of the world there are today two anj one-half times as manv Civilised j'ople in the leajue aa there are oji of It 80 that from any point of m we are entitled to regard the league as a going go-ing concern. I FAOIIF lJKTDllMTll iticc IAa you will recall, the league of na-tiooa na-tiooa la to function malnlv through two Instrumentalities the coiirioii of the league and the uMmbl) In addition, it has a sccreLuria' .ind ertiln Important immlwion sueh a ih military, naval, iind air rommts-iions, tne comrlfalon on Ttiandatorio- and the organization having B-. to deal Willi labor Every member of the league Is entitled H aend representath ea lo the meeUnira of tho asuembly. The council, howevpr Is composed of the representatives of nine powers onlv According to the text of the covenant, the United Btatoa, Great Uritain. Franc. Italv and Japan are alwaya al-waya to be mem bars of this council. The clher four of the nine merober-.i muv Hl change from time to time Those named Hj Hjl made are Belgium. Spalo, Greec- and J i. ..all HH Initially the council is the .hie' operat- HH ,nr bodv of leugvie. but under the I me ef Arti t V ir? . 'are the c for e iai HB ''e referred) by the oouodl, on 11s ow. HH motion to the assemble for determlna- HH tlon. or either puriy to the dispute may HH reer a matter from the eoun'-ll to the HH asaembly aa a matter of Mfh: lnaamuch HJ fta the voting in the assemblv on all ques- HH tiuns so re'erred Is b a majority, is HH ieor.ably safe to aeeume that all real HH t-ontrovaralea will be thrown Into the aa- HH aembly. particularly those Inv ol. ing small H wers 1 FIVE BASIC LEAGUE PROJECTS. HjB Wa ahall. moreover, find on examlna- HHHjH ,,on tnat thr league itself has five baste HH fundamental projects First the project Hl for the ad lust nteiit of international dla- HH putee. whatever thef character and what- HH ever questions nr .nvolved with an of- Hl fenalve nd ile'ens:ve alliance between all HH the powers of the world to enfn- e ' h- HH determination made of su"h questlona It I la true that in the first instance the H meant of rompula.on to be employed b) HHI other nations atra'nst the recall ltrwol HHI MlsOfl the economic boycott, a sup - HH ieao)lv ijulte peaceful, humane means of HH reducing vour enemv t terms by fam- HHl l0 hj vtarvlruE thr men. womrfi and HhH: children of the nation. This la not aup- HH peeed either to require or to contemplate HH the uae of force HH And before passing on. allow me Juet HH 1 O word or two regarding thla economic H boycott, which is to reduce a nation to Hl etaatlon and which bas I'm n her-vlderl HH wltn ecataay aa the great achievement. HH ! fa imanltarlan aumum bonum of this HB covenaa.t A few centuries ago one of the normal methods of warfare r ft. siege A tr.wn was lUrrOUnded, und after the ln- Lbltanta had been :.uffl-lently starvea the besiegers entered and sacked It. looting, loot-ing, robbing, rap'ng. In the course of time It filtered Into the minds of men that thil aa Orifice of nomombatant men and innocent women and children was hardlv compatible with thoee f'hrlst-glven f'hrlst-glven tea. hlngs o whb-h the w orld rv s ippoard to be guided and controlled, and a.-rLrding!v the rules and rigors of siege . Cll relaxing The truly hununlzmg thought g.-.'.ned s-xay that war wan bad .11 un at ita lent, ond thai everything that was poaalMe to he done ahould be done to decreare it? horrors, Its mtserv Us aufferieac and Us woe Accordlnglv. humanltv built up a code of rules of war-far war-far dfslcned to relieve nonenmhatant men and women und helplers children from the rigors of the great :rse of mankind man-kind We had p-ograsel ao far In thla direction that If noncombatonts remained out of the gone of military operations 1 their lives and property and honor wcro I safe, whatever waa th temporal Ineon- venlenoe to which they mlgli' b suo-j.rte-! But when "the he;rt of thv world." the "voices in the air ' and the h earl of nil progress he can to speak nt Pans they spoke In a new jnd alien tonauc an.1 with an Import Inspired by the r.end himself In waging future war we light, not men. but heiplee.o women and t:;e babe nuralng at the mothers brenal Henceforth we do no. ineel the enemy bravely. In the opr-n field, man to man. und Sghl It out like men Instead. It Is proposed we draw about the nation 1 ordon of arms, ourselves outside In a, ptcnty and security, and proec-ed ain-ii.. peacefully, bat with a pitiless oruelty born of I.jctfer. to atar. c the women and chlldrrn. Truly did Mr Wll-aon Wll-aon sav this 'Ms the most drastic cove-runt cove-runt of peace th.it waa evor conceived" Shall we, Priaebom, liberty-loving Amer-l.-jn men and women, consent te this foul thing? FORCE NECESSARY. ftul to proceed Since this hurrane boycott boy-cott requires not onlv that the leagu membera themaelve'v ahall cease uJl com-mtrclsl com-mtrclsl and other Intercourse with the offending nation, but aleo that these members ahall ee that no other people or power of the world have . nmmerclal 'r other Intercourse with s ich nation, it Is certain as the day that. 10 enforce such a boycott, actual physical force will be necessary But If this economic boycott falis in ita operation then there are pro. talons under whh--n actual pnya'-cai force is ti tw applied. The next project la for an offensive and defensive alliance among the league 1 ' v. rs to maintaiii and protect the cove- I ttta of the league The measures pro-r-'be I nr. purely military, an shown by the terms of arllele XVI. which provide that It shall he ihe duty of (lie council In such caae" that Is. where a member has resorted to war In disregard of Ita tenants "to recommend to the several governments concerned what effective military, naval or air force the membera of the league ahall severally contribute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of the league The ihlrd project Is In form a political defensive alllajice. but la aetuallv a military mili-tary offensive and defensive alliance, 'to preserve as agalnat external acgreasloti ihe territorial InlegTitv and the existing political independence of the members of thl ewjju.- Thin la whit Mr Wilson j alls "the heart of the covenant" and ruarsuUee of the land titles ' of the aro 'l that Is. Kngiand n-ie to India. Ireland and her African O-nd t.iceani' possessions. pos-sessions. PYenOe title to her African possessions. Italy's title to her African and Aslatl injsaeaslons Kelglum'e title ber Congo holdings, and so on through lha whole list of subjugated peoples "HEART OF THE LEAGUE." The covenant provides that the council shall advise upon tho means b whlcn these land tttlea shall be guaranteed Mr Wilson haa been insistent that thla Im-posed Im-posed nothing more irvan a compelling ir.jin'l peg f sell free to declare war or otherlae in the fulfillment of thla moral obligation, irresp-riive of what the ad-rlce ad-rlce of ihe council might be Tet ha denounced t u-i rowing Ihe very essence I leh and, therefore. a destroying destroy-ing the heart of ihe league a rescrva-,."v, rescrva-,."v, idlnx that under this arttclo tbe tatee assumed no obligation aa errltorlal Integrity or political Independence of any other country "un-v "un-v pagtlcular ca.se tne .ongreaa. which, under the constitution, haa tne sole (lower to deejare war. or authorise rPloyment of the military or naval ii;ed titates alial. oy act or 1omt resolution provide ' 1 1 Ifflcult to understand how a rent arhicfa said that this arucie inear.t Just what Mr Wilson said It ml in'. OOUad in honeatv be regarded as a rejection of the ro-venant vne aon- le-i If tbe eipranatlon of tbe dilemma la lo be found In the fact that to the m iDds of Europeans Frenchmen al anv rate, artiele X did Impose something more than a loose, moral obligation as suggested sug-gested by Mr. Wilson, for one Frenchman fagg said After having read Senator lOg reservations one OSS) no longer speak of obligations :o any degree -is the real meaning of ar.-.e is lo be .-tossed with Mr Wtlson'a promise prom-ise to send troops to Do rope under tha league, something he haa forgotten Mi vVltsen la right when he nave article X Is on engagement of the moat extraordinary hind In hlston The fourth project la a pis n for an international labor organisation which makes tbe labor rooditione in any ooun-trj ooun-trj the bualneas and legitlrnete b'oalntws of the labor of every other country. A .ear ago ws observeJ a' th taberoarje that thla provlaioo of the league waa sue of the most dangerous to be found in It. not onlv for America and all Amej-ltans. Mot for American labor In particular. Thla suggestion waa at the time denn inc.i by our Iieiriocratlc friends as made by a 'epreseritativ e of the interests in-l .v:. being paid for As since that time vlrt 1-ally 1-ally the same .ositlon haa been taken by the Junior senator from thla ata'.e. 7 hose democra- ; no Democrat, we may suppose, will challenge, and who ftctual-Jv ftctual-Jv proposed a reservation to the covenant Covering this Mail point, probably we mv now assume that our earlier obser- j vatlona regarding the character of thla ! part of the er,enant stand admitted The fifth and final project contained In the league ovenant relaitSa to mandates and to those we shall direct our atten- I tlon. TREATY MANDATE PROVISIONS. Mandates are provided for In the twen- ' ty-seeond article of the Covenant which eontaln ao much of new. bewildering, faeclnating. International-morality heautv. which la. If we may believe league rhapsodies rhap-sodies concerning It, auch a consolidated essence of the Ten ("ommandnients. the Lord's Prayer, the Sermon on the Mount, nd in.- OoMsn Hule. that we must read It al), even though by doing so we submit sub-mit ourselves to the .-eneure of Mr. Wilson Wil-son that we devote our "acrutlny to certain cer-tain details and forget the maJcMy nt the plan. But we ahall look nt the de-lalla de-lalla and try still to remember the majesty. maj-esty. The article begins: "To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have 'ceaseo to be under the sovereignty or states " that is to say thoso territories which we have by the treaty taken awav from our enemlee. .md whi-h under the treaty were ceded to tne principal allied and aasorlated powers. I'nlte.i sr.-. t.-o. i";reat Britain, France. Italy and Jar.in "whli h formerly governed them and vrnlOh are Inhabited by peoples not yet ale to atand by themselves under the atrenuous (.ondltlons of the modern world, there ahould be applied a principle that ihe w II being and development of such people? form a aacred trust of civilisation and that securities for the perform . -c of thla trust anould be emtd.ed in in; ovenant." Refore going further and In order that we mav not be bo enraptured with the form thai we lose eight of the substance. I may ask what kind of a reature Is "a sa.-red trust of civilisation.' Just what do we mean b this" And 1 also ask Inst the meaning of securities for ihe it performance of this trust. " This word "truat" connotes 1 ery definite tri,ngs as trustees know. The primary meaning involved in-volved in the word to wh'ch I Wlah par-tkalorly par-tkalorly to direct vour attention Is that a man possessing a trust, that is the trustee, has to handle the trust for tho exclusive benefit of the one in whose Interests In-terests the trust lsmade. or in legal parlance par-lance the cestui que truat. A trustee, himself, may not exploit the dust for his own advantage, and If he does so use it. he becoma. under jiriva'e law, liable In damages to the owner of the truat. If r.is default be excessive and malicious, art may put him fn Jail But let us eo'itlnu the reading "The bet method of giving prneti. al effe." to this principle Is that tho tutelage tu-telage of sui h peoples" Already we begin to get away from tho j trust Idea end are changing Into a tutorship tutor-ship a professorship, a change that perhaps per-haps Is not to be wondered .it But to continue reading. The best method of giving tractlctil effect to this principle is that the tutelage of si.ch pep es should le entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resourc.-s, their experience, or their geographical ge-ographical position ran best undertake thla responsibility, and who arc willing to accept it. and that this tutelage should le bierclied hy thorn "in mandatories manda-tories on behalf of the league." We ought to stop here moment to see If we may clear this up a bit. First, what Is a mandatory" Tho Alt tionary definition la tin" "One who undi-rtakes. without oinpen-satlon, oinpen-satlon, to do aervlre for another with regard to property placed in his hands by the other." In tho next place what 1c ' an advance.! nation'"' Is It the largest and moat now erful nation, or Is it the moat distinguished distin-guished In uj-ts und s. lences ana 1 .Hi7..-tion .Hi7..-tion generally Then who nhaJl determine who It. ihe most advanced nation'' It would be a fair Inference, however, as to the last point that since they are to be "mandatories on behalf of the league " they must represent the league in this high and loflv calling and this be'.ni; true. the Iragruo should name the oan-SStorlOe. oan-SStorlOe. At any rate, auch hud been rnv own Inegp. rltneed and Innocent dedu' -'Ion. We may by this procedure be charged with examining thla thing In "a spot here auel there with a magnifying gla.s," with a scrutiny of details which Mr Wilson condemned but we will get to the majesty a little Inter. We will continue reading: 'The diameter of the m?.ndat must differ according to the stage of the development de-velopment of the people, the geographical altuatlon or the territory. Ita economic conditions and other similar elrcum-atancee. elrcum-atancee. PURELY UNSELFISH. 1 confese that now 1 begin to get a bit m jddled I can understand how the stag of uevelnpment 0 the people should offe-et the 1 haracter of the mandate, but I am not sure that I get a clenr vtow of why there should be a difference on account ac-count of tho ' geographical situation of the terrttof-. &v thla 1 mean I have difficulty when I look merely a; tho alleged al-leged purpose for which mandates are given, namely merely the "well being und development' of the peoples. For what has the geographical situation to do with the degree of control the .ax-acter .ax-acter of the occupation to be exercised under the mandate'' Of coarse. If a nation na-tion be flven a m u ni r. I n nvr iml. contiguous to territory whl. h it already poseesee, then I can well appreciate that aa a matter of selfish ralUtarv protection for that nation or as a matter of Its own deve:opmeot. it might require far more control than were those circumstance absent But do not f .rget ihe fundamental funda-mental conception ttwU the mandatorr ll there, not for hie own rrneflt but to do a gratuitous sereiro foe the mandated peoples Seflsn considerations must I therefore be obliterated The article continue "Certain communities formerly belonging be-longing to the Turkish empire have rea.-hed a state of development where their .Metepce as Independent nations can be provisionally recognised subject to the rendering of administrative ad- ' vice and asalstance hy a mandatory' until tad) time as they are able to stand alone The wiahe.v of these communities must he the principle .-oriatderatlon In the se. lection of the mandator LJovd George appears to spetvlr of these aa class A mandate Now notice t,M -ertaln oommunltifes formerly belonglni; to 'he Turkiah empire em-pire are to be recognised as Independent nations and the aole fore-tic. al thl mandatory la to render temporary "od-mlnlatralive "od-mlnlatralive advice and aaststaooe" until they sre abie to stand 1 lone. Observe next that tbe wishes of the.se communities commu-nities muet bo the principal consideration In the selection of the miDdalory " We muet pay particular microscopic aften-tlon aften-tlon te this last, because, aa 1 shall sbonlv consider morn fully Kngiand Is now ergag'd Ui s war with the ,Me8-opouimln ,Me8-opouimln and Krar.c is engaoM in a war with the Hrnini, both countr.es being be-ing ommunlt lea formerly belonging to the Turkish empire, and the p -nee of these wars and the only purpose. Is to comrve. ihe Me.opotam1a.!is ift ac.epi on eliege.1 Hrtllsh msnde'e and t compel the Syrians 10 accept an alleged Krencn mandate But we will proceed with th reading "Other peoples, especially those of central cen-tral Africa, are at auh a stage thai ihe marvdatoe-v m's- h - b - for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee, the freedom free-dom of utterance and religion. But- -only to the maintenance of public or4gl and morals tbe prohibition of abuses auch as the slave lnd the arms traffk ond the liquor traffic, and the BreveAUi 1 of the establishment of fortifications or military or naval bases ond o' n Iter training of the natives (eg :han police purposes and the defense of terrl-ud terrl-ud ... a.io c j.'i . impor tunities for the trade and commerce of other members of the league." These are what Lloyd George calla 1 class B mandatea. I think we may pasa thla until w come to the more detailed dlsc)slon of the partitioning actually already made, chiefly among three powers, of the German Ger-man east colony In Africa. The article conttnuea: 'There are territories, such as -southwest Africa and certain of the south Pau Iflc Islands, which, owing to the op irseness of their population or tbclr , 1 small sise. or their rencdenese from the ten of civilization, or their geograph-' geograph-' leal contiguity to the territory of the mandatory, and other rircumatances. can be best administered under the lawa of the mandatory ,vs Integral portions of Its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned In the Interests of the indigenous indige-nous population." These aro Lloyd George's class C mandates. man-dates. The beauty of Ihe plan Is paled a little here, but It still has plenty of majesty, of the truly royal kind. What shall the difference be between actual, bona fide everlasting ownership, and the administration adminis-tration of a piece of territory "under the laws of the mandatory as Integral portions of Its territory '.' Is It lo be wondered that when In the British house of remmons somebody was complaining tha- Britain only had mandate, an honorable hon-orable member inquired Well, how much do you want?" The article continues. in a very case of a mandate, the mandatory man-datory shall render to the council an annual an-nual report In reference to the territory commuted to Us charge." h . 'ar the records show no report has l.ren made by an-" mandator)' yet, although the allotment of these terrltorlea was made almost one year ago. The article continues- "The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exercised by the mandate shall, if not previously agreed Upon by members of the league, be ex-cluslvelv ex-cluslvelv defined In each case hy the council." We are losing a little more of our beauty here. observe, that the council drxw- up the terms Of the piandatew when and only h.n they have rot been "previously agreed upon hy the members of the league " The membera here have powers distinct from the league. Just as the;, do In artiele X. where the '.bligalion to pro-tect pro-tect nini r.'t to th. league but to lis members as such. The final paragraph of the article1 r.-.iil- "A permanent commission shall be constituted con-stituted to receive ai.d examine the in-1 in-1 nii"xl reports of the mandatories and to j advise the council on all matters relat- I I Ing to the observance of the mandates " Although the league ha.-v been In exist- tence now for nearly a vcar and although 1 the mandatea hae been allotted for a period longer than th.it, we have seen no 1 e.f the appointment of this commission. com-mission. . Ro much for the only ncual league provision pro-vision on the matter of mandates and you will observe that we have no information infor-mation on the following points The precise nations who Bh:ll have the mandates man-dates who designates these nations, on I whal terms the mandated territories shall ! be taken and held; what happens If a nation does not fulfill Its mandates prop- rlv whether anv nation Is to lose a ' mandate for any reason and If It doea I loao It who takes It away and who geta ! ' This Is alt a bit detailed, and a hit microscopic, hut It also has plenty of ' possibilities for re-al majesty. With article XXJI thus before us we may pais to the next part of our subject. MR. WILSON ON MANDATES TanegyTlcs huve not been wanting re-r. re-r. rdlnr the beauties of the mandatory system and none huve been more effu-I effu-I she more gloriously glowing, lhan those ,un ad b Mr Wilson It la worth ' while reading what evidently was In the I mind of the chief proponent of the league I at Paris In order to lea hOw far his I friende, whom he testified worked with ' him In the closest harmony of comreds-1 comreds-1 :.hlp and partnership held other v lewa I and have departed from his high and lOfty Ideal- At Sioux Falls. Mr Wilson said When we turned to the property of fJertnsny which she ha1 been habltuahy misgoverning I mean the German colonies colo-nies p.irth ularlv the colonies In Africa lh. re were manv na'ions who would like to have had those ri. h. undeveloped por- J tlona Of the v. ..rid. hut none of them got them We adopted the prim Iple of trusteeship trus-teeship We said. 'We will put you In charge of this, tha and the other piece of territory, and you will make an annual an-nual report to us. We will deprive you of vour trusteeship whenever vou administer ad-minister It In a way which Is not approved ap-proved by our Judgment, anej we will put upon vou this primary limitation, tnat you shall do nothing that Is to the detriment detri-ment nf the people who will live In the territory Tou shall not enforce labor on '.t. ar.d you shall applv the same pr.nrlplea of h'.manltv to the work of their women and children that you apply at home. You shall not allow the Illicit trade In drugn and In liquors Tou ahall not allow men who want to make money out of powder and shot to sell arms and j ammunition to those who mav use them to their disadvantage Tou rhall not make these people fight In your armlee. The country lh''lr nd you must remember re-member that and trev (t as theirs There Is no more annexation There Is no more 'and grabbing There Is no mor. extension exten-sion of sovereignty It Is an absolute reversal re-versal of history, an absolute revolution In the way In which international affaire af-faire are treated, and It la all In the covenant of th league of nations." 8pe.xk1ng of the Monroe doctrine In Portland, and asserting that "that Is the doctrine of the coverran: Mr Wllaon added "No nation shall anywhere eTtend Its power or seek to Interfere with the political politi-cal Independence of the peoples of the world. " Rpeaaing it Reno, he said We did not give Germany leeclt her colonies, but we did not give them to anybody else We put them In trust in the league of nations saJd that we would assign the'r government to certain powers by assign lug the power as trustees, responsible re-sponsible to the league, making an annual an-nual reroet 10 the league and holding tha power .n-ler mandates which prescrloed the methejs ty which they should administer ad-minister thos- f "mtories for the benefit of the people living in them, whether !.,) ier developed or undeveloped. Wo have at the same time safeguards and as adequate safeguards o-ourvd the pocr naked fellows In the j-mglea of Afrlco thai we have around those people peo-ple xlmost ready to assume the rights of eelf-government in aome parts of the Turkish emptrSt as for example. In Armenia Ar-menia It la a great charter of liberty and of safetv " Before pacs'.ng to the nejt excerpt. I call fVUT attention to the fact that we found tbe treaty doea. tv,ough Mr Wilson Implies It does nol. make a distinction hotwver ihe T rlelsh colonies ond the SoM-h African colonies by providing that i -oKml.-s 'he mandote wxas t consist merrlv In render-ng expert adviea and assistance and that the wlaheat of thee communities mnat be a principle consideration In the selection of the man - I datory bul no auch provision Is made I for consulting the wienes of "the poor. I naked feilowa In tbe Jungles of Afnea,'" who, on tn contrary, are to be administered adminis-tered under the ; of 'he mandatory "aa Integral parts of Its territory." In our own state Mr Wilson said Fverywhere the aame principle waa adopted that the men who wrote tha treaty of Veraalllea were not at I'berty to give envoodv a property to anybody else, it is the 're- Interna! viol agr- ment in the history of civilisation that I was nol based on the opposite principle. 1 fery ot'icr great International arrange- ment haa bean a d. v ision ef spolla This la an absolute rep mciatlon of spoils, eve ' v th regard 10 the herplcaa parts of the world, even with regard to thoee poor, benighted peoples In Africa oeer whom ' eerrnonr had etercrsed aelftah evu- I -horit, w-r.l.-h exploited them and did not help them, even they are not handed I over to anybody else. The -principle of annexation, the principle of extending sovereignty to territories that are nol occupied hv their own people la rejected in this treaty All of thoae rights are put under the truat of the league of na-Uona. na-Uona. to be administered for the benefit of their Inhabitants the greatest humane arrangement twat haa ever been attempted at-tempted and the rules are laid down In the covenant Itself, wlie1". forblda any form of selfish exploitation of tkoM peoples peo-ples by 'he Agents of th ieagrue who 1 ver.-lae authority over them during the porloa of their development In Cheyenne, urging that It was a poplos peace." he asserted. 'Tn everj" portion of Its settlement every thought of aggrandliement of territorial ter-ritorial or political aggrandisement on 'he part of the grat powers was brushed aside, brushed aside aj tbeif own repre-sentatlvea repre-sentatlvea They declined to take the Glomes of fJermany In sovereignly snd said that they would consent and demand that they be administered In trust by a concert of the nations through the Instrumentality Instru-mentality of a league of nations. They did nr.t claim a single piece of tOfritorj m the contrary, every territory that had i been under the dominion jf the eenlral powers unjuatly and against Its own ooneenl lr. by that treaty and the treaties which accompanied It absolutely turned over In fe admple to the people who live In It. The principle ta adopted without qualification upon whKh rrerlca I u founded, that all Just government pro-ceeda pro-ceeda from the consent of the governed." These were a few of the many expressions expres-sions of like charoc;er fjsed by Mr Wilson Wil-son on the occasion of his tour of the countrv on behalf f the league. We must now test Ihe matter by facts ORGANIZATION OF "BIO FOUR." Vou will remember that there was formed at the peace conference a body known as the "Rig Four " composed of Mr Wilson. Mr Lloyd George. Mr Oem-enceau Oem-enceau and Slgrvor Orlando of Italy. Speaking of thla body In Omaha Mr Wilson sold "You have heard of the council that the newspaper men called 'the Mj fr.vn We had a very much blggrr name for ourselves than that. We tailed ourselves 'the supreme council of the principal allied al-lied and aasoclated, powers,' but we had no official title and sometimes there were five of us Instead of four Those five represented. w"h 'he exception of Germany, Ger-many, of course the great fighting nations na-tions of the world They could have done anything with this treaty that (hey 1 he,se to do, because they had the power '.. rl.. If, and thev chose to do what h l never been chosen before 10 ronOUnOg every right of sovereignty In that set-icnent set-icnent to which the people concerned did not assent. That la the great settlement settle-ment which la represented In this volume.' vol-ume.' In 6an Vrancleco. Mr. Wilson again nlluded to this body, this time In the following fol-lowing language "I was glad after I Inaugurated 1 1 thai I drew together a little bodv which was ailed the big four. We did not call It the big f..ur we called It something very much bigger than that. We called It the supreme council of the principal aJiieu and assrciat'-d powers. We had to hav . . some name, and the more dramatic It was the bettor, but It waa a verv simple 1 ' eouncll of friends The Intimacies of I that little room were tho center of the 1 whole peace conference, and they were I the Intimacies of men who believed In the ; aame things and sought the same ob-, ob-, e ts. The hearts of men like " lenien-ceau lenien-ceau and lJoyd George nd Orlando beat I with the people Of the w-rld as well na with the people of their OWH OOUntrte. 'They have the aame fundamental evm-pathles evm-pathles that we have, and thoy know 1 that there Is only one way to work out j peace and that Is to work out right." I want you to get the picture, as he , draws It, Of these four wn. representative, representa-tive, of the rreat fighting natle.ns of the world. Thev could have done anything with this Teat) that they chose to do becauee they had the power to do It 1 they eonetttuted "the center of the whole pace conference . "a very almple oun-Cil oun-Cil of friends " Four men backed by the available fighting forves of the whole world, aasembled In private conference, dictating the adjustment of the world, four men seeking to determine the destinies des-tinies of all mankind by aping Deity hlmoelf Whv this Is the first time In all hlatory that a matter of this Import haa been handled In this way, the despised and discredited conference of Vienna WSJ a free democracy .-ompered with the regal autocracy of this group But let us now move Into the majesty of the plan. This supreme council ' thin simple council of fiienda,' did not cease to exist with tho signing of the Treaty of -Versailles, nor with the ratification of that treaty- It did not ctase to exist with the conclusion of the treaties with Austria, with Hungary, with Bulgaria and with Turkey. It Is still existing and functioning on all the most vital matters ' that ofecl the peace and development or I the world, and It continues to eilst and function not as s body Of five, not as a bodv of four, but as a Nvly of three. I the prime ministers of rance. Great I Britain ond Italy And this body of ! three so constituted and made up. Is ' 0 1 far as public Information goer 1 the body 1 which has not only divided 1 .erman territory ter-ritory among the mandatories, not only 1 spe-lfied and prescribed who the manda- lories should be but which haa actually In the fi-t inetance determined the t'rma Of tho mandates themaelvea. In other 1 I words, and contrary he Intimation I of Mr Wilson that the leagrue was to de-! de-! termtne all these matters. It has come to I this that France, Great Britain and ttalv have parcelled out the world to suit Ithem'flves. among themselves, the cc,un-Icll cc,un-Icll of the league, which Is thernseUea. I saving they had the right so ta do. the have also specified the terms on which ( I they ahall hold their spoils I ITALY'S AFRICAN COMPENSATION But 1 think we can with proprlet y f race I these mandates with a little more detail -Yo., will recall that at tbe outbreak of I the great world war ftaly was under 'treaty arrangement to join her force-I force-I with those of the central altioe that i i to sav, with Oermany ond Austria, and, that for obecure reaaona unnoceaaar. I here to unravel, ahe failed to respond to those obligations. It soon became rea- 1 sonahl'. apparent that Italy was seeking o drive a bargain with the allies and It I is at least conceivable that ahe waa pit- t ! ting the central powers agalnat Oreal Britain TraDce and Kuaela In bidding for. hsf support But ultimate.)- the aillea won and accordingly there was drawn up In I-ondon on April 2i. 11S. a m-aty between Italy on the one side and France Rusla ared Great Britain on the , ber whl." n addition to etlpulat.ng fr.- certain territorial commitments to tsJ m Europe and In Astatic TurKey recl'ted In article XTTI that "In the event of France and ',re.v Britain Increasing their colonial teffttOT in Africa at the expense of fWmsn) these two powers agree In principle thai Italy may claim some equitable com pen -v- particularly as regarvla the s" 1 roent in her favor of the question re to the frontiers of the Italian colon e. of Krltrea, SomaJlland and Ubya. and al neighboring ooioniea belonging to Fran I and Great Britain Of course, If the view of Mr Wilson be ace j rate that there was no dlVtal of svolls In the treaty, if his s'a'.emeu' I be wall founded that there wr- 'o BS M anoexallor.a uoder the treatv. then ob- v-loualy there ooukJ not be a.-.y B resV Ing their cedoaiel lerrttoriee in Africa let the exp ' of irtnr. Great. Britain and France and in that oven: the provisions of the article Jusl read j which rwqulred that Great HrKapi on 1 r"raoce should, la aae of su'h .n-rease give up eoroe o' fbeir aslStUag Aft w I possessions, would he of no force an i effect Now the hard bargaining that took I i o. n K-arle and tho' baa ever r r aractertiad the daailngs of the principal , oil led and aaeoeiausd power even n m -n 1 themse. roe wo -Id have led Frar.ee and finglor.1 no' alone te have adronc-j this 1 fact I' It existed, but to hate insisted; upon H But what has happened? The allotments to Italy have beon mode, so I far as public information goes etriotlj . crlome .'h the t rt ( prorl-' alona, which raeana Italy contended and Great Britain and France conceded that the treaty obligations controlled and that Italy must have those acquisitions to hr territory which were specified In the treaty as becoming due to Itaiv in OSI Great Britain and France Increased "their colonial territories In Africa at th" expense ex-pense of Germany." The matter was discussed dis-cussed and decided wholly from the standpoint of this secret treatv and not from that high and lofty principle of the article of the ovenant. namely, the p In-i In-i lple "that the well-being and welf.r.of t 11 h peoples formed a sacred trust of cli lltxatlon." Accordingly, lialy was granted large domains south of African Libya, which is the hinterland beyond Tripoli and the Mediterranean coast for an cvtenl of nearly a thousand miles beyond This was at the expense of France and her possessions In equatorial Afrlco. So France paid her treaty debt. England paid hor treaty debt by granting grant-ing to Italy a small part of lrltth So-mallaand So-mallaand adjoining Italian Somall'and on the north, and a small part of pntish fJaet Africa adjoining Italian Som.illland on the south Great Britain. Fra"c arid Italy quite evidently thought and acted on the thought and they are rarely fooled In theae matters that Great eBrit-aln eBrit-aln and hrance were "Increasing thelr territories In Africa at tho expense of 1 lormany." I call to your attention that we have no record that the ratlve Inhabitants of any, of this territory were consulted regarding' the change, notwithstanding Mr Wilson's announcement that hereafter tho word should be ruled by tbe great American principle that there slould be no government govern-ment ev ept with the consent of the governed gov-erned Before proceeding further. 1 may observe ob-serve that the German colonies In Africa embraced an area of more than i.11.000 miles, with a population of about eleven and a third millions of people, and that. Including ihe German Islands of the l'a-clflc, l'a-clflc, the total German colonial ari-a wa a little over one million square miles with a population of a little over twelve million. GERMAN TOGO AND KAMERUN. Now at about the some time, or 1 1 . tlrelly coincident with this udjuatmenl between England and France, on the one side, and Italy on the other, there were at least tentative ad Just mt r.ts made of certain German colonies In Africa. In the abaenoe of a map to Illustrate I this. T shall ask you to think of a huge pistol as hanging before you with the I butt pointing to your left and the barrel hanging towards the floor. About where the trigger would bo of that pistol, there were two pieces of German terTliorv. tha one nearest the end of the butt being Togolsnd. tho other a little further along toward the barrel being the Kamerun (i.'amaroonsi Tho total area of thee two colonies la about :'24,'00 square miles with a population of a little over 3.500.-orwi 3.500.-orwi It Is unnecessary to go into details ft-s to lust how theae were divided, but It Is sufficient to say (hat Frame und fjrea LVItain had territory bordering on each of them and that these German terrl-torlea terrl-torlea were uiv ided between these two on a mutuallv aatlafactory baMs LH While the Rrltlah press announced tho satisfaction with which the native trite (Missed from '.erman to British control, there Is no statement anywhere that 1 have seen thul the natives were ever H conaulted as to whether they wihed t n under rlll-or French or British sov- 1 erelgnty. Again I Invite your attention lo tho lofty announcement that the H treaty put an end forever to ruling over nations or peoples against their wi'l and H that the fundamental principle of tho toeumonl was the great American prln- H clple that hereafter government in all P the w rid waa to depend entirely upon the consent of tho governed. H These mandates, so-called, appear to H have been settled by agreement between H France and Great Britain alone, nut even H thl .supreme council expreeaing a voice H GERMAN EAST AFRICA I pass now to the territory of German H Fast A'ri.-a. with an area of 3S4.000 J quart miles, almost aa large aa tho com- H tdncd states of Montana. Idaho. Wyo- H mlng and I'tah and with a population H of more than i.SOO.000, or practically three times as many as live in the four H states mentioned t'nder an agreement M Greet Britain on.) Bl , ' Tium mot by award of the auprenv H council aven) thla territory (which lies on the right hand aide of our pistol a H below the hammer! has been dU H vldod between Belgium, which owna that H port o' the Cong.) icrrltory immediately H 10 th,. west of German East AfrlCS. and H Great Britain, which owns Rrltlah East H Africa, lying Immediately to the north of J thi" ilnrmin colony. This agreement between theae govert - bbbbbB menls provides for exceptional privileges H for each of the two countries in the ter- H ritory allotted In the agreement between H them to tho other, notwithstanding, as H we have already learned, that article 22 H Df the covenant provides that certalni. H as to the German possessions of Central H Africa -and these ore probably the ones H referred to tho mandate will be so H framed as to "secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other Lnasw members of the league." LbbLb Here again 1 wlah to point out that LVssh not alone has tho league had nothing H whatever to do with tho distribution of H this territory or with the choice of the 1 mand.it this having all been ar- H ranged between the powers wheae posaea- H slons adjoin this former German roionv . is nothing In the news regard BSaTLv terrl ton aw thai th.. Inlasbltantl thereof, who num- V 1 her threi tlmei more, as I ha-. m M thin Ihe InhabitariLi of the four atatai W of Montana. Idnho. Wvnmlng and Utsll were ever consulted In any manner what- se.. vcr aa ' whether they wished tO have f '.fill rtrltoln as t h r mandatories or as to the torms iind-r oflH arhleh these mandatories will be exer-clsed. exer-clsed. In other words here again thero haa been a dlvlalon of German terrlforv between two adjacent powers without a any reference, whatsoever either lo the (Continued on Following Page.) MAJOR CLARKE FINAL PEACE TREATY TALK (Authority on International Law Sees No Hope of Peace Should Versailles Pact Be Sanctioned by Uncle Sam. (Continued from Preceding Pago.) wishes of ihe le.-igue or of the Inhab-Itonts Inhab-Itonts of the territories. GERMAN WEST ArRICA. I have seen no aten c . regard tng tie disroa.tion made of German Wtlt Africa wn.ch lies oa our pistol. wav down loward the end of tha barrel 0:1 'he inner sld. nut 1 wish in ronnfiion v., in thai terrl-"ory terrl-"ory (wiin an area of S!2,4f0 square miles), again to call to our attention 1 nc terms of the covenant, which says "There are territories. s':ch as southwest Africa anJ t-crtaln of the South Pacific islam. 1, which. Owing 10 the sparser.ess ot their population, or their smail s.ze or thlr remotenc, from the renterj of clylllzatlon, or their gro .raphxai contingency con-tingency to the territory of the mandatory, manda-tory, and other circumslances, can be coat administered unoer the laws of the C mandatory as Integral portions of Ita a v, territory," And as showing Just what , may he rxpe'ted In the premises, 1 ask ;.ou to bear this In mind when we com' later 10 discuss the British mandate tor the Southern Pacific Island Nauru. Thus, tho German African colonies have been divided among France, Ureal lirlt-aln lirlt-aln and Kelglom. It may be that Portugal Portu-gal whl pel a rorllon of Rr'tish West frii- n . .;. It Knr.L.re nnl tr. nhlri v t i have just refcrreJ Itaty. while It obtained ob-tained none of the German colonics, Ob-' Ob-' lainsd .-.1 :l!tional territory- In Africa from lYnnri and i;reat Britain in consideration considera-tion of and as compensation for her failure fail-ure to Ket any of the German colonies v. hlch were absorbed by the other three powers. CERTAIN TURKISH COMMUNITIES. Wo will now leave Africa and proceed to the division of the Turkish empire. 1 shall not do more here than mention tha actual cessions of territory' in sovereignty thai bar a been mude to Qreaeo and to Italy in Astatic Turkey, not ichstanding 1 tha repeated assurances of Mr. Wilson, already quoted that the great principle behind this wholo settlement wa.s that Cherr should be no annexations. We. nnv. I'eal with ihai p.vrt of Asiatic Turkey which extends from me Mediterranean Mediter-ranean on the west lo Persia on me cast. and from Arabia ana the rersian gulf on the south to the Caucasus, the Caspian and Armenia on the rortn. I may at the beg. lining say, In order 1 . that we may have it in mind, that man- l dates 10 iyrii and Clllcla nv been given Slfll , Bft 10 Fram 1 that 1 iB idatea to Mesopotamia and Palestine have been given LO ijreai Britain ; and that manjates for Armenia I End probably Constantinople are still un- j assigned, ;nid open to any bidder wno la willing to lake them and he may have them ot his own price I ark you again 10 recall the lofty ex- presslons and senilnicnis of arucie XXII, 1 how it slates, as to the colonies anu I territories taken from the encnij stales I and the peoples which inhabit oi them, "that the wed-being and development ot ruch peoples formed a sacred iruat of civilisation, and that securities for the periormnnco of this trust should be em-' em-' bodied In this covenant 1 also ask jou to note that, while 1 read only from the covenant as It appears In iho treaty 01 pea' c with Germany, yet '-hat same covenant appears In Identical word 'n the treaties Of peace with all tho duft-al-ed central powers. SYRIA TO FRANCE France laid claim to Syriu as early as February 10 lost, the commission on foreign for-eign .if fairs of Prance thon pasting a resolution "That In the f'ral settlement of eastern east-ern affairs, the long-standing rlshtc of France in Constantinople and her rights undi 1 the agreements In regard to Palestine. Pales-tine. Syria and Clllcla ahaU be maintained main-tained ' (February 11. page 15.) In other words, from the Inception ap- patently, ether tnlngs besides the weil- 1 c.i g ahd development of such peoples 1 y 1 were under consideration as controlling ( the disposition "f mandates, and nmonj Wgj J.-s- those e ther things were certain alleges rights resulting from International agreements. agree-ments. It is unnecessary for our purpose to attempt to follow through the negotln- i .ions regarding Byrtn. It is sufficient to I say thai finally b agreement between I dreat iir.'ain and prance, ar, it would appear I .ppiemcnt ed b) some sort of an agrecr. ant between persons professing to speak for Syria and France, me latter took ocr Syria as a mandate She also look over Cl!tcla But now cornel the n in this mandate healing ointment of civilisation, for tha Syrians, apparently not appreciating that their "weil-belnff and development formed a ' sacred trust of civilisation" to be carried out by France, and seemingly eppre.'. ending thai possibly the rute of France might not be Just to their liking, proceeded t" raise obje.-tlons and to Interpose Inter-pose obstacles to the French occupation and administration of Syria Matters easily and rapidly moved from bad tr, worse, until there was open warfare between be-tween France, tho mandatory, and Syria, the 1 sountr) under the mandate, and this war r;'.g". for a number of months before France was finally abie to persuade the Syrians bj bullete and sabers, that sho roally was' In their eountrv merely for their' "well-being and development." It I appears, moreover that In order 10 keep the ctyrians persuaded of this- fail, which thev have at leasl been force 1 to recog-1 recog-1 .ta 1 nlse. It Is necessary for France to maln- I " tain a large, woll-equlpped and mobllo j army read again to use the necessary WHT -v indispensable persuasion, If, and when, , I occasion Hhall rcoulre. So much for France and 6yrla and now let us turn Is Palestine and Mesopotamia Meso-potamia MESOPOTAMIA AND PALESTINE TO BRITAIN I have not stcn an clear statement 1 as to just how Britain acquired the mandate man-date oer these two countries It Is O-ue that she conquered both pieces of territory terri-tory from the Turks and tjermana during the war and that Mr Balfour stated on one occasion that britadn would retain Palestine anc govern It for the Jews. It also appears that non.o time In 1 9 1 S Great Britain Issued some kind of an an- nounccmcnt relating to her Intentions In Mesopotamia, but the cold, hard fact appears ap-pears to be tlm.t Britain maintains hor poeltlon In Mesopotamia and In Palestine solely and wholly as the military occupant : of the country undor an Indefinite prom-las prom-las to Mesopotamia to set up ultimately , some klml of an Arab state under Britain's Brit-ain's administrative direction and, as to Palestine wlilch Is etlll under military rule, under a suggestion eventually to set up some kind of a satisfactory government govern-ment there. We may now legitimately ask the question, ques-tion, Why dl.j Jirltatn tuko Mesopotamia hnd Palestine. .nd wh did France take Syria? It mlgb.t bo well in connection with this matter to recall that thero Is a' very close treaty arrangement between ' Britain and Pers'a. which lies Immediately Immediate-ly to the east o.' Mesopotamia, by virtue of which Pers'ji becomes practically r. 1 l, protectorate of Great Britain Beyond 1 I Persia to the east lies Afghanistan, and then c-oraca India So one oan conceive ' a number of reasons why those majidatca were taken by Britain Mesopotamia and Pent le across and control the ancient highways to India I frocu Kurope These emcKnt highways 1 are still the onl,- feasible u.nd route to India from th M odl terruneeji It would ho conducive to t.be safely of India, as a British possenslo l for Britain to control as far as might e the avonues of land approach to Ind i from the west. But there worn other reasons probably dually as poteo'- MOSUL OIL REGIONS. In speaking Kore the commons on March last. Lloyd Oeorge addressed himself to the . ntentlon of tho oppos'l-Hon oppos'l-Hon lhai Brllalh had too much commitment commit-ment In Ifesopotl at, and that, therefore, 1 there o .ght to 9 a re Iremont from Mosul, the no.-t em dlsL let of Mesopotamia Meso-potamia Tie nah ! "You mlyht acr. don tho ounL'y alto- ''..'.- tt.et l .... under- jnd But I L-anhol mderatand wlthdrav Ing partly ana nrlthdrawlng n 'm the iore Important Impor-tant and the inoie promio ng part of Mesorotnmta Mosul I" a country with i;rat possibilities-. It has rich oil deposits de-posits nnd If yon are going to undertake tho expense of administering Mesopotamia, Meso-potamia, It Is right at any rat that the country thould bear the expanses They er- misgoverned. This wn-s one of the richest countries In the world, What Is It now' It Is a wilderness It contains some of the richest natural resources of any country- In the world It was the home at one time of one of the great empires of the world I In his speech before the commons on j April 2? Lloyd fieorge said rogardlng 1 the oil from the Mosul region: "An agreement hr. been arrived at with the French with respect to tho oil distribution of the Mosul region.' And thus, as I say, there may b- other considerations even than the mero desire to promote "well bolng and development ' of the Me-sopotaroians, or even the do-o do-o protect a great highway from the west Into India, which has Induced '.reat Britain to assume the mandate of Mesopotamia, and this, further reason may be, if we are to accept the words of Lloyd corg, the potential possibility possi-bility that Mesopotamia may, under proper prop-er dlrcctloD. again become the gTc-at I rid empire which she onoe was und that fun If this be r.ot true, still there are sufficient quantities of oil In MchuI to repay for a careful and thrifty exploitation ex-ploitation At any rate as we shall shortly see, when we come to consider the proposal that America should have the mandate for Armenia and poa-slbly Turkey that Britain In choosing Mesopotamia did not chow the most difficult task, nor the lease remunerative. Vgaln, however we are obliged to admit ad-mit a very unfortunate oondltit n The Mesopobimlans. like the Syrian- villi the Trench, have failed to understand the high and disinterested motives Whloh have lej-1 Great Britain to lm(Kse her mandate ijpon th-- Me sapor am lane, for there Is nothing In the whole parliamentary parlia-mentary discussion and argument re- garding Mesopotamia and Britain's mandate man-date over It, to Indicate that the Inhabitants Inhabi-tants xrr . er consulted regarding ltrlt-mn's ltrlt-mn's mandate. For ten months now, Britain has been engaged In one of the worrt warfares with semlcl vllised peoples peo-ples which she has thus far fac-d. In or-1 or-1 der to preserve her authority and post- j tlon thero. The Mesopolamians do not want Britain to administer to their "well being and development, ' and hey do not , I want It with sufficient Intensity actually lo make upon Britain a war lhat re- 1 ' quires 100,000 troops for maintaining Brit - 1 j ish garrisons there, and an expenditure ; I of some $4u 000 000 or $60,000 ooo a year 1 j over and above what Britain can get j from Mesopotamia!! revenues, wh'ch un-j un-j der normal conditions Britain believes I will be quite sufficient lo meet all Ihe demands of tho admlnl.itrailon of the country. This tutelage for the "well being and ! development of such peoples" docs seem to be expensive business So that thus far. mandates In Asiatic Turkey have not worked cut In the hap- I pli'M v, av, England fighting to maintain her mandate In Mesopotamia. France fighting to maintain her mandate In Syria, and a military government set up and carried on In Palestine to maite good Britain's mandate there Ml this does not argue over well for the simplicity and ease of our proposed mandate In Armenia or Clllcla, where also Franco Is having troubles requiring an army to saj nothing of an American mandate over all of Turkey, as W.as so philanthropies and disinterestedly suggested sug-gested b Ltlo d George. PACIFIC ISLAND MANDATES. But I come now to another class of mandates, namely the mandates over the German Pacific Islands Before proceeding proceed-ing further with reference to theso, I call to your attention that those Island form a ring between us and the Philippine Islands, and lhat If they be properly fortified, garrisoned and provisioned they rr.7ht afford shelter tohostlle fleets which could guard our retaking the Philippines from any strong and determined deter-mined power that had seized th'-m There might have arisen some dlffli ult questions In connection with the disposition dispo-sition of these Islands if the United Spates had been consulted with rcfernco thereto, but we were not consulted and Hie difficulties did not appear Accordingly, Accord-ingly, with a magnanimity which Is never equalled save when a donor deals with a property that la not his own, Oreat Britain Brit-ain and Japan together, with a wave of the hand, divided the world Into two parts, All German islands north of the equator (speaking broadly! were to belong be-long to Japan, and all south of the equator to Great Britain Never since the day when four and one-quarter centuries cen-turies ago pope Alexander VI divided Hie world, by a papal bull, between Spain and Portugal, has anything so simple, to far-reaching, and at the same time so effective, been attempted It does not appear that any of the Inhabitants of any of these islands were consulted as to this change MANDATE FOR NAURU Having thus divided the world. I want now lo turn our attention to the mandate man-date over a particular Island that was allotted al-lotted to Great Britain. Let us reread tho pertinent part of article XXII "There are territories such 3 southwest south-west Africa and certain of t'ie Pacific Isiands. which, owing to the SperSsnesa of their population or their small size, or their rcmoteress from the renters of civilization or their geographical contiguity contigu-ity to Ihe territory of the mandatory, and ether circumstances, can be best admin-latered admin-latered under the laws of the rr.a idatorx as lr.tegral portions of Its territory, subject sub-ject to tho safeguards above mentioned In the lnlereals of the Indigenous population popula-tion I have already adverted to the Ac that 'his Incorporation "as Integral portion! of Its territory " was difficult to distinguish distin-guish from actual annexation which Is 0 ahhorrent to that alleged treaty principle, prin-ciple, so announced by Mr l.son "Thai everv land belonged to the native na-tive stock that lived In It, and tint nobody no-body had the right to dictate either the form of government or the 1 ontrol of territory ter-ritory to those people who were born and t r. d nnd had their Uvea and happiness to make there The prlnclplo that nobod hnj the nghf to Impose the tove.reignty of an alien government on anybod was for the first time renounced In the councils coun-cils of International deliberation. In this le-arrue of nations covenant, which some men ask you to examine In B spot here and Ihere with a magnifying glass, there ben ai the heart of It this great principle princi-ple nobody has the right to take any territory any more." Tou will also recall Mr. Wllson'a announcement an-nouncement of that other principle, that ' not one foot of terrltorv Is demanded b the conqueror" Moreover, that we may have the full Brliish picture before u. recall that pro-vlslon pro-vlslon which stipulates that a mandatory must so rule Ihe mandUed territory as to 'secure actual opportunl tins for trade nd omrnerre of other ruembsrs of the league." With these preliminary matter In mind, w shall consider rtrlfalti "mandate" "man-date" over the Islarnl of Nauru This Island (which was annexed by V-rmany In lSt0) was on September 7, lH a little over a month after the declaration of war between Great Britain and Germny. surrendered uncondltlonaJ-' uncondltlonaJ-' lo Great nrltain a rathor expeditious movement, to be accounted for pouslbly by the fact that this little elght-mlle-square Island away off In the middle of the Pacific contains the largest known phoFphnte deposit In the) world The disposition of this la'and seems to e teen the subject of aome conoldera- discussion during the war Colonel Wilson, parliamentary secretary to tho ministry of shipping, said on this point 'During the war It was pointed out how dependent the empire wns on fore'gn Pup-piles Pup-piles of phosphate, and the an poly of phosphate for fertilizer was mo.it Important Impor-tant AS a result of the discussions In Paris the solution of tho problem which commended itself most wnn tnxt th.. id-ministration id-ministration of Nnuru should be conducted con-ducted under the Joint control of the three governments of the empire most directly Interested." Whether this Interest of the three governments gov-ernments arose from the "spsjrseness of the population" of the Island, this being one of the elements determining toe disposition dis-position of the Picttic Islands under the trcvaty for the popul.-.tlon was only some '1700 Intelligent Christ UUnlSOd Inhabitants" Inhab-itants" or whether It was "the small slie" of the island or whether II "remoteness from the mtors of civilisation, civilisa-tion, or the 'geographical contiguity to the territory of the mandatory." or other circumstances. which determined liicso three governments should have this Island, I leave it to you to work ouL 1 will venture the opinion that 11 was not "eontlgult.s to the territory of the mandatory" man-datory" that controlled, for it la almost half way around the world from Creat Britain Itself and 'it l.-st n thousand miles In an air line from Australia. As a matt. r of fact, wo might ha. e made claims on this score because It Is In the same hemisphere with our own Pacific possession, the Inland of Guam. At any rate, whatever the reason. Britain Brit-ain assumed the mandslo of this territory terri-tory without, so far as we know, considering con-sidering the wishes of the "1T00 intelligent intelli-gent Christianized Inhabitants' and a"-qulred a"-qulred thereby "the largest reserves of high-grade phosphate In the world. The lowest estimate of the quantity risible at the present time was ot leist from eUhty m'lllon to one hundred million tons. ' It appear that the deposits themselves were owned by a private company, that ilreal Britain. Australia and New Zealand concluded to purchase the holdings of the private com pan ) . and that It Is their Intention to exploit the deposits, first. IWI m IVV LU TMIJJliy 1 llg Ul I'dl 11 1 (.11.111, Australia and New Zealand at cost price with al tho phosphate whl.-h they may need. and. reoond, thit the surplus phoa phatea are to be aold elsewhere at commercial com-mercial rates. And In the dneusjlons In Iho Oommona a virtue was made of the fact that other self-governing dominions of Gnat Britain, namely Canada India and South Africa, would 6tind. an to thir obtaining a part of this surplus phosphite on the same footing on foreign powors. It was objected In the parliamentary debates on this measure. both in the houito of commons and In the house of 1 lordn. that this was a selfish British policy; pol-icy; that It was a bad precedent, lhat If I carried out It would give other nat!one I who possessed mandates under the tretty excuse and Justification for taking a similar simi-lar action with reference to the exploitation exploita-tion of territories entrusted to them. It was further urged that, after ail, this v at. a hlgh-handel procedure, that under the covenant the league should allot the mandates, and that for Great Britain to carry off this rich prize was not only solflsh, but Illegal. Thesev views were "tged with great persistence both by Mr Aaqulth, prime minister of Bngiand at the Hire the Inlands were originally s -"I Lord Robert icl the forom si British champion of the league. Driven at iast Info a corner on the subject. Lord M iner -speaking for the government on the hill which Incorporated tho agreement between Great Britain, AuatnUla and .New Zealand covering the exploitation of ihe Islands, made the following statement KeferTlng to Article XXII of h.. e.;.gUe he quoted that part of It which said "The mandatory must be reponslble for the administration of the terrltorv under un-der conditions which will secure equnl opportunities for tho trade and commerce of other members of the league." Me then continued. "There was nothing Inconsistent with this principle in what had been done about the Nauru phosphates Tho private pri-vate company which owned the phosphates phos-phates was fre to se'.l ihem to anvbody II pleased, and It had sold them to th. governments of Great Britain. Australia and New Zealand, who acquired them with the primary object of supplying nhoAohate f . . iKaI. nr--i,,i. ..-i.. . price. ny private syndicate might have bought phosphaten and disposed of them for Its own purpose without Infringing, tho provisions about equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other members of the league In what way was the principle affected by the fact lhat the purchaser was not a private syndicate syn-dicate tut a government?" Thus he disposed of any argument based on the guaranteed equal opportunities of league members SECRET AGREEMENT COVERING MANDATES He then further proceeded, and nothing noth-ing that has been said on the subject of mandates by anyone else even approaches ap-proaches In Importance this announcement announce-ment "But In the next place and this wa reall.. by Itself concluai ve the provisions of Article XXII " And 1 ask you to note this Isnguage, "Apptv to some mandate territories and not to others, and among those territories terri-tories to which It dearly did not apply was this little Island. To attempt to apply It would be to run counter to the provisions of the covenant and to upset that portion of the peace treat, as it would fly In the face of the distinct understanding un-derstanding which Article XXII was carefully care-fully drafted to Implement. Without that understanding a number of the signatories signa-tories of the covorvant would never have agreed to sign II. In other words, the trat of peace, predicated on tho much-proclalniesi doctrine doc-trine of "open covenants oponlr arrive! at." is actually, as lo the league covenant, cove-nant, based upon and carries out an earlier agreement between the powers, which to this day has remained secret! and this earlier secret agreemont. so far as we can udgje from Lord Mllner s word, withdrew from the operation of the mandate provisions of the pece treaty certain Oerman colonies and, specifically, spe-cifically, the Island of Nauru. And yet, speaking at Cheyenne. Mr Wilson said the treaty "Is so much of a people's treaty that In every portion of Its settlement, every thought of aggrandizement, of territorial or political aggrandizement, on the part of the feT'-at powe--. viJ. nrushed t , , brushed aside by their own representatives representa-tives They declined to take tho colonies colo-nies of 'jermany in sovereignty and said they would consent and demand -that they be administered In trust by a concert of natjone through the InstrumenLvlU , of the league of nations. They did not claim a single plece of territory, on tho contrary con-trary ovnry territory lhat i.ad becn under un-der th dominions of the ceritr.il powers unjustly and ag.ilnm Its own consent Is by the treatr and the treaties whl.- 1 i. -company It abscolutely turned over in feo simple to tho people who live In It " Yet In the fare of this a distinguished member of the British government now formally declares that the Island of Nauru goes to Britain unhampered by the mandate man-date pro Islona of the treaty, and by virtue vir-tue of a prior agreement, without the making of which, such la his plain intimation, inti-mation, Great Britain would not have Mk-ncl the covenanL Are we to suppose from the statement of Lord Mllner thM. despite the great and lofly aims of the league, despite Its bumanlslng uplifting forces, denplte lis great power for peace and compelling peace In the world (jn ,i Britain was prepsred to throw this ail Over, to ref-ise to algn and to confer they many blervVngs upon hrjfnaruM for the snke of a few tons of guano- Po much for British, l-ench and Belgian Bel-gian mandates under the treaty and not under the treaty AMERICA'S ARMENIAN MANDATE, But you will recall that there has been much talk In the press regarding the ,1, . liability of our taking over the mandati for Armenia, ami possibly also of th-state th-state to be formed Immediately north of Armenia In the Caucasus, Azerbaijan Indeed. It has even been suggested lhat we la-ke a mandate over all Turkey th -t li. all that Is left of It or. If not' o er ail of Turkey, then over Constantinople. From the standpoint morel of doing good without at all counting the cost, an ) by this I do not mean cost or money tur we may well neglect that bul I moan the cost of human life and here 1 must say In sincerity und soberness that to my mind the value of the life of on American Amer-ican boy Is at least equal to the value of the life of an Armenian hoy, and that 1 must consider and Judge the question of mandate over Armenia from this viewpointbut view-pointbut from the standpoint merely of doing good without counting Ita blood coat, 'he proposition of accepting a mandate man-date for Armenia Is not without Its sl-lurlng sl-lurlng side. It Is a satisfying thought. .-n upbuilding thoi ght, to consider the doing of good to this an. lent people of Armenia, one of the greet ancient states, st one time extending from the Caucasus on the north to the Mcll'-rrane.m on the 'jinMi and wesL the situs of one of the oldest Christian sects, a sufferer for centuries cen-turies under Turkish rule beyond description de-scription bv anv words, however vivid. So- satisfying Is it. so alJurlng Is It. from the standpoint of Christian endeavor, that one is rather surprised In view of the lofty protestations of Mr Wilson, that the world has had a chance of heart and thai now the heart of Kurop beats In unison with his own for the advancement and uplifting of humanity, that France or threat Krltaln or Italy have not rushed In to save this state of ancient conization coniza-tion and Christianity, even at some sacrifice sac-rifice to themselves. But for some rca-Knn rca-Knn thiy have not done so Perhaps I Should not bo unfair were I to suggest thnt havlnrr In mind the considerations which ev m to have been uppermost la the thought of Lloyd George in tho taking civor of tlie Mcsopotamlan mandate, he had beforo him other confederations In refusing to take Armenia than tho mere opportunity of doing a gTeat and good thing, of mcroly being a modern Samaritan Samari-tan as certain observations made by tho prime minister regarding the character of the Turkish and Armenian regions and of the ptoplos who Inhabit them would seem to show For example speaking In parliament on the 26th of February last In response to a criticism that they had t'.t thrust the Turk out of Kurope, he said "What Is the alternative to that proposal" pro-posal" The alternative to that proposal Is lntcmaticnal government of Constan tinople ana me wnoie 01 ine ianun cur-rounding cur-rounding the straits. It would mean a population of 1.500,000 governed by tho a!!leoa cornmllteo representing France Italy Great Britain, and I suppose, someday some-day Russia might come In. and It might be, other countries America, If she -ared to . i-me In fan anyone Imagine anything any-thing more calculated to lead to that kind of mischievous. Intriguing rivalry and tronhle In Constantinople that my right honorable friend deprecated and, rightly, feared? How would you govern It? Self-government Self-government could not be conferred under these conditions. It would ha e to be a military government." He contlnueel after pointing out the mixed character of population arid the posublllty that after all trie Turks were In the majority: "But If anybody Imagines that Creeks. Armenians and Jews are more easily ?"vernel than M.'hammedans. ihey cannot can-not have read history carefully. That li the kind of government yc would have. It would be very expensivo Tou would hae the kevs to a very turbulent city. It would require, according to every ad-1 ad-1 It we have had, a very considerable force nnd it would aeid ery considerably to the burdens mo expendlf tires of those countries, and would be the most unsatisfactory un-satisfactory government that anyone could possibly Imagine. "That Is the alternative- I cannot think of ano'.her Thero was another that we had In our minds, and I might as well pay so now. Wo had hoped that two of the great countries of tho world would haVa been able to help us In sharing shar-ing the responsibility for the government of the troubled country, but for one reason rea-son or another they have fallen out. Ther. was first of alll Russia, Sho Is Out Of the competition for a very- unpleasant un-pleasant task. Then thero was America. Amer-ica. We h.xd hopes, and we had good reason for hoping, that America would have shared these responsibilities She might probably havo taken tho g-tiard-lanMilp of the Armonlana cr she might have taken the guardianship of Constantinople Con-stantinople " (Cheers.) Tho prime minister, speaking In the commons on March said on the same Riibje.-t ..v . ..v. a mo ' ' riuies 01 America wou'd share the burden of the oversight of Turkey. It would have made a gn-ai d!fferen-e) If they had done ao. I Here, here.) The supervision of the Turkish empire will etrain the resources re-sources of the allies lo the utmost, especially espe-cially having regard to their other ob-llgatlons, ob-llgatlons, nnM-iiei and duties nearer home, but If the United States had been r.ady to come In they might have undertaken un-dertaken tho protection of the Armenian population not merely n Armenia proper, but In Clllcla and aomo of the adjoining provinces We also hoped that the United Unit-ed States might have undertaken the mandate for tho Straits, and. possibly, for ( 'onstantlnople. and with their eest nt Constantinople might control from there th activities of Turkish officials throughout tho whole Of Asia Minor " Asked If he were willing to give the grounds for his hope, he said "No. I have not the right, but the house may take It from me that I have good reason for coming to that conclusion- otherwise I would not have said It Still Inter In his speech, and .-peaking of Conmnntlnoplo in case the sultan had been driven from the city, he eald "Besides, what would happen to Constants Con-stants pie' who would govern ltT Who would administer It? Would the administration admin-istration bo in the hands of the allies' If so. there la no doubt at all that It would add enormously to tho armv expenditures ex-penditures ef the various countries which undertook that responsibility.'' Still further speaking of Armenia, he stated : "The difficulty about Armenia Is that the Armenian population is scattered over several provinces There Is only one part of Turkey whero you can say that the Armenians are In the majority By n.. sort of self-aetormlnaflon can von add to the republic of Armenia territories like Clllcla ' And still later, In speaking regarding the government of Armenia, he aald: ' Who Is to control That la exactly whore tho difficulty Is coming In, owing to the fact that America has failed to undertuhe what I regarded as ber share of the responsibility. If Amorlca had ar-cepted ar-cepted the responsibility for controlling Armenia, Ihe French, who, under what Is called the Sykcs scherno had Clllcla as signed to their control, were quite willing to hand It over to American control The it) French and Italians are quite agreed on the subjeot, but we have not y. seen a sign We have onlv received telegrams from America asking ns to pro-tect pro-tect the Armenians, wo hn e hud no offer UI' ""- pr-oent to undertake the responsibility re-sponsibility Who Is to do It? It Is a very large tract Of territory, It Is very in, I. . 1 territory not very developed In roads, hardly devedoped a,t all In railways. rail-ways. It Is a mountainous wild eoun-tr eoun-tr To protect these 200.000 Christians over the whole of that territory Involves wrv considerabhi responsibility." Speaking In tho house upon the results of tha San Remo conference in April Lloyd George. 0n April 29. used this language: lan-guage: Armenia has presented a problem of overwhelming difficulty. The difficulty arises from tho fact that thore- Is no Armenian Ar-menian population In va-st areas which we should have liked to allocate to Armenia, Ar-menia, and which there ore historical grounds for allocating to Armenia If you give ttivm to Armenia, who la to onforco our decrees? France cou!d not take It on, Creat Britain iould not undertake un-dertake it. Hair ccild not undertake lt Our responsibilities are too overwhelming overwhelm-ing We consulted our military adnrs and they made It quite, clear to us that ihey would have- Involved a very strong w 1 ,1-equlpped military force. It la not merely the erpense; It is the finding of troops We l a.e the straits to guard that If our charge Palestine and Mesopotamia Meso-potamia The French have got to pro-tscl pro-tscl Clliaia; the Itallalns have under takein to protect tho district of Adana g hsve great reaponslbUltleo In Ivuope and no Uito with the beet good will Iri the world could DOSalbly pledge Its honor to umJortako tho conqunst--becauae that II what It means of those territories In order to hand them over to the Armenians. Ar-menians. . . 'The courso we adopted was to appeal ap-peal to tho ( nltod States of America, who liav not acc epted any responsibility, (.'Here: Here1 ) any share of tho responsibility responsi-bility lu iho civilisation of theso vast areas, or In the proteotlnj? of these poor Mj'i ." I "I' .la ' ... 1 .ip 1 he present. but who have a deep well of real sympathy sym-pathy for them I am convinced of it I am convinced of it a real smpathy 1 do not maii that It Is merely a sentimental senti-mental one. I believe that It Is sincere and capable of making rreat sacrifices." MILNER'S STATEMENT. And now remembering the picture painted by LJoyd ileor;e of Mesopotamia. Its' ere, it natural resources In oil. Its gTeat possibility as an agricultural repion Its potentialities as the location of a great empire; recalling the facts regarding regard-ing Nauru, that It was seised within one month after the outbreak of the war that It was held during tho war, that Pritlflh ZO e-.mienta themselves have acquired 1 tlia title to tiif phosphate deposlta, ami remembering, lastly, the statement of 1 on! Mllner and the perfectly clear and plain implication and Intimation 'hat If It had not been understood beforehand that the Island of Nauru was not subject to the provisions of Article XXII which concerns mandates that ,rea'. Britain would not have accepter! or rlgned the covenant remembering thege 'hlngs. and then recalling what he has raid regarding regard-ing the difficulties of Armenia arid of Turkey, the barrenness of the country", the lack of means of communication, the polyglot character of the Inhabitants the necessity for the uso of force the extreme cost of any end all attempt to govern these communltlei n I Men 1 chstlengc you to deny to me that the reason why Franc took Srla nnd nrltain took Mesopotamia Meso-potamia was because of the natural rlcb-ness rlcb-ness of those countries, and the reason why they lefi Armenia and Turkey was because they had nothing to gain and much to lose by attempting thHr government govern-ment In tho fare of sueh mundane and selfish considerations as these, why should we bother ourselves with hlgh-oouriding hlgh-oouriding phrases as to the great and glorious principles behind this covenant- In so far as the covenant has already worked out. It has been fn Instrument of selfishness and not of rlj:hteousnes And one more consideration and It lies along the same line Put the United State In Armenia and In Turkey make the ,1'nlted States responsible for the peace and control of those peoples and, what Is more difficult, the te-rltorlal Inte-irrlty of their countries, and ) nu hare successfully placed the United States between Bolshevik Russia and the fertile fer-tile plain and rich oil district of Mosul and t lie natural resources of Scrla Those! would be safe from harm so long as th I United States maintained Its mandate lr. Armenia. Put the United States In those Mun idles, commit It by honor promise, ann by undertaking to govern them successfully, success-fully, to protect their rerrltorisl in'"K-rity, in'"K-rity, and von have en' off rio.shri ik Russia from tho cast and the most direct di-rect route to India. V.'ho should say to us that we must aasutno any such tremendous responsibility? responsibil-ity? Who shall say thst England 9 rule o' Indls. wise as It has been, beneficial as It hns been. Is worth the lives of n few hundred thousand American boin and tho expenditure of a few billions of American dollars? fluppoe Kngland lost India, what'then Would tho world be less thrifty0 Would tho world be le-ss clvillieeJ Would the world be more peaceful than It Is today? India may lie paramount to England, but It r of no Interest to the United States, tDd In rlow of the case we must leave It to England to protect and preserre And to show that I speak not hastily or with Ill-considered thought I want you to note that time and aga'n Uoyd George saya that the reason lhat norland nor-land nnd Franc cannot undertake Ar- roenta and Turkey la because thev are too much occupied elsewhere. I ask you where are their troops that they cannot use them for poor, weak, persecuted massacred mas-sacred ArmoolaY One hundred thousand of them are In Mesopotamia fighting to keep the Mcvifopotamlans under their wiae and beneficent mandate; others of them ars In Palestine holding down the Turks there; others aro In India, others are In Afrlco but all guarding Esngland a property look tag out for England's welfare, wel-fare, protecting England's Integrity Thero ore a few In Europe in Germany, and Why re they there- Well, we may I all get some Indirect benefit from that. ' but just remember that the onormous Indemnity of more than 100. 119. OUiVnw gold marks for which the treaty pro-lel pro-lel s, Is to be par. ed oul among Kug-land, Kug-land, France, Italy, drorcc and Uelgtum, and of that Indemnity England gets il per cent. Where are the troops of France? In Syria H5.000 of them protecting French so-called rlchts there, on Iho strength of which ih demanded the mandate, others are In southern Morocco protecting protect-ing French Interests there, others are in other parts of Africa protecting French Interests '.here others are In Oermanj protecting French Interests the-e. for France gets 52 per cent of ibis .:.iem-nlty .:.iem-nlty Tell me. and I challenge It. v. re France or England has one man pla.-ed merely for the sake of protecting humanity. human-ity. It Is tri the talk In Europe about tho great mission for humanity Involved fn Ihe Me.-,potnmlan enterprise, In the Syrian enterprise in the I'alestlne enterprise. en-terprise. In the Clllclan enterprise, and so on down through the whole list,' but In no single case are they e:.pAged In an--enterprise which la not Intended ultl-m,ne ultl-m,ne to be the source of riches for the mother country Nor nre Greece and Italy in any better bet-ter positions. Just now they are mainly main-ly concerned In holding from the Turka those portions of As a Minor which have been given to them and token from Turkey Tur-key by the treo which has Just been "lgned I nrr not denying lop pr-iprety of tak.nc these communities f r.m Turkey Tur-key I am not pssslng on the inwisdom of ihls. 1 only sa tha: there lu no nation na-tion on the face of the earth 'olay except ex-cept ourselves, which Is using Its troops for other than Its own sollflsh purposes and wc have our troops In Europe, some 14,000 of Ihern, who are spending t a! time, some of ihem wasting their energies, en-ergies, guarding Germany and snforclns treal piovlslons so that Germanv ma be co-npe'led to pay an Indemnity in which we have not one dollar to gain They now even deny to us 1 o 'bo press slates 1 ihe full malntrr.a n -e rvn; of our occupvlrc forcs Thev re,',ise IJ;, evon the cost of maintaining ihe troops whom we havrt sent there an I kept there primarily 'o preservn their Interests "RENUNCIATION OF SPOILS." And yet In the face of all this we are tild by Mr VMIon 'hni ' hjin ..f mind has come over tho world (p. 104); that "there Is not a single act of snnesa-tlon snnesa-tlon in -he treaty" (p. U; that thlk treaty "la an absolute renuneistion of spoils, even with regard tr, the helpless parts of the world. een with regard to tho.se poor benighted people of Afr'cu over whom Germany had xer. Ise.i h selfish authority which exploited them and did not help them," that ,n every portion of its settlement .every though: of atorrnridlxeiin nt, of territorial or po-1 luteal aCKratidlSement, on the part of the ! great powers was brushed aside, brushed I asldi- by thir own repreontatl v" (p. 1371. tha .u must not devote your acrutloy to tin details and forget th majesty of the plan" ip Mr). Thus the arch leaguers hae cried to the world 'l.uk. look at the beautiful heavens! and while the iorld enraptured enrap-tured gaxed at the Btar.i they qulell.v. deftly In the tlme-honoi ed method picked Ita pockets While M- Wilson insists "There can hereafter be no secret treatlos ' (p. 35; j and that "you have leared the deck 1 thereby of the most dangerous thing and the most embarrajifllng thing- that has I hitherto existed In International politics..- 1 a high offlclol of the British government j old - bloodedly tells us that the mandate provisions of the covenant were drawn with the express Intent of Implementing a prior agreement reached between the powers as to tho distribution of ihe German Ger-man colonies an agreement whose provisions pro-visions have never been communicated to the American people, but held secret to this day Yet we must not scrutinise the details but kep our eyes fixed on the majesty of the plan, and do we but examine thlsj monstrous covenant creature and venture t-i comment adversely upon the anatomy of Its weird hulk, we are SOCUSSd ef "grosn ignorance and impudn audaclt And iRTiorant we are of this covenant as to l Its vitals Ignorant .f fl h It inuy in the future do to destroy "i! 'hat we hold dearest In our national life, but abundantly wise that ao far it has bcert done nothing worthy of Its alleged pur-poae pur-poae for world peace, that It has failed to do all the worth-while things that were at Its hond to do. and that no similar simi-lar world plan ever heretofore mapped j out has done more than break every' hope that humanity placed In It. ignorant wo are as to vhat future parcellings par-cellings of territory it may sanction and cloak, but we are abundantly wise that under Its beneficent and philanthropic beatitudes there has occurred one of the greatest acquisitions of territories and transfers of peoples ever chronicled at the end of a war. Ignorant we are as to the extent it may affect even our most vital domestic affairs, but we possess full knowledge that other powers may Dud the league a ready tool to test our titles to lands we hold by good and formal cessions, tun as Finland. Ignorant we are as to the manner 1n which this league shall function, by what rules its proceedings In reaching its declsionu shall be governed, but we are no' so Ignorant that we do not know we are never able to vote and have the vote counted when there 1? before the assembly or the council any matter to which we are a pnrt Ignorant we are as lo Just the full extent ex-tent to which our Monroe doctrine has been sacrificed ui we aro not unaware ti, . i f '.o.'o.-e we a'one have nol.ed the -loc rlns and de-ared its H scope and purpose, yet hereafter, ndr H the covenant, other .itloris also may H pass judgment on . 1 meaning and Its use Ignorant we are as to Juat how and when, how many and for rhst purpose we shall sen! our toys to Europe, but WS know that Europeans tell us Mr. Wll- H son promised to se .1 them Whenever a little state over there needed help in It B Ignorant we are how many of eur H blll'ons Kurope ma abend In its own H littV quarrels, how many lundreds ot H thousands of our bo;, a must he thrown H into the great gsping maw of Europe's H war win. h now ias had ts H millions and la still hungry H On ail those and manj other matter' H w ere groael' dense: icnorm and en H all of them we must have tn most ex H battStlva and deial'ed Information befoc H le covenant -an command even our 1 f in the face of Lord Mllner'a state-menl state-menl that article XX 1 1 s most earefhlly drawn 10 meet th terms of a secret H agreement, it is audacious imp-tdenc to H want information regarding -he details or H the secret mandate agreement, than T am H guilty of audacious Impudence. H If to want to know under Just whit H rcumstancol we may withdraw when H the turmoil aud chaos threatens our ou H existence he audacious mr: dcr.ee. then H 1 am guilty of the charge. H If it be audacious Impudence to wish to H explore, before leaping Into It. the ast. utiki.owTi abyea :n'prrai!onai re.at'ons H covered by artl-ie X. then T am auda- H olously impudent. If examination into the provision gov- H erning tie future operation of the Vc.s- H roe doctrine, the future conduct of our H domestic relations, the expenditure of sur H wealth, the sacrificing of our American H boys if gelling the fullest Information possible regarding all these things be atdactous impudence I am g!ai to oon- H feas mv km' a.-.-l to ask for the .en'ce of the court without merry. H If to challenge tne workability the wis-dom, wis-dom, the aanity of the whole "blue sky" H covenant bo eudacloue Imp.jiic'ico. 1 oast of and glory In trrvt Impuden a Fellow citizens this unmodified Wlls" covenant mus' fail Republicans! Yours is the dutv pre--serve American llbertle tTOci lean f.- Institutions and our (real divinely In oplred constitution As you Saved lh nation when threatened by Deinocra7 In the psst so must you do now thai as the martyred IJncoln said. 'Qovernmonl of the people, by the peoj.'e and lor tha people rvxiy not perish from the eariV On 'his wateb of one of the darkest hours of our hlatory. put none eut P publicans on guard Return to the senate of the I tilted States, to complete the H work he has so courageously and parr J undertaken, the Honorable Km Smoot |