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Show 1 W W H d ;k:-;; 9 I I Dr. Simms, the Brain Specialist and -jS0M- v i ' I I Student of Physiognomy, Dies and ' ' 'vL.,-Jj I I - Leaves His Skull and Its it. K3T " Vs J H I Contents to His Fellow Brain ClilZLz l--- I I Specialists to Dissect and Study Mi if '"A e Mor Cmt of E,pe.iay L 7 T 1 .1 3 Interested the Late Dr. Simms BecaUM They Were Under the Microscope I A . - the Human Fo f?, C .! r- ., CIENCE understands fairly well the working of the machinery of tho ! human .body so far as heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys and most of the other important organs are concerned. But inside the hony shell of the skull is the noblest and tho most mysterious of all the hrnln. Unfortunately, science knows ' very little about the brain, the most im- portaut of nil the organs of the human ?ody, From the earliest time the brain has fceen the subjert of Interest to mankind. Savages realized the importance of the brain and by observation arrived at many crude but fairly accurate guesses as to tho simpler functions of the brain. Of lato rears specialists hae spent their llvos trying to solve the mysteries of the brain, j Dr. Joseph Simras, one of the oldest stu- I dents of the mysteries of the brain, died the other day in New York and bequeathed his head and the contents thereof to his fellow brain specialist- Dr. Simms wps eighty -seven years old and for seventy years he had focussed his mind on the I brain and the skull and the fcatui es of the human face. I Dr. Simms dated back to the earlier times when the study of the skull, known as phrenology , had a respectable scientific standing. B't the advances of scientific experimentation showed that the bumps of the cranium might or might not have any relation to the peculiarities of the brain that lay underneath the skull. Dr. Simms also was a student of tho old pseudo-science of physiognomy, and be lieved that tho eyes, the mouth, the nose, the ears all of the features had a direct relationship to the brain. He believed that the individual peculiarities of the human hu-man being were usually reflected In striking strik-ing peculiarities of the features cf the face. Dr. Edward A Spitzka, perhaps the fore- ij most brain specialist in America, is the happy possessor of the skull and brain of ' his late friend. Dr Joseph Simms. The newest and greatest treasure in Dr Spltzka's New York laboratory Is the brain of his old friend Brains of miscellaneous corpses from the morgue are easy enough I ,to obtain. But their previous history Is j usually unknown and they are seldom brains of highly cultivated persons. The special value of Dr. Slmms's brain lies in the fact that he was not only a man of scholarly attainments, a map of rare culture, cul-ture, but he had specialized on this pecu-ii pecu-ii liar subject of the brain Never before has the brain specialist had the good fortuno to get under his mlc II roscope the brain cells of such a subject. B Jt will take not less than two years of in- I tensive study to exhaust all the posslhlll- I ties of examination of this brain. YYhat j will the two years' resrr.i h into the late 1 Dr Slmms's brain reveal to science7 Sixty years ago ph siognomy flourished, f and with it phrenology Professors, both j spurious and authentic, toured the coun- I tries of Europe and America, giving lec- tures and "readings." Learned bodies in- I vestigated, held lengthy discussions, gave out exhaustive reports. Treatises were 1 written didactic volumes setting forth J just what qualities, emotions and faculties of the individual were shown by each human hu-man feature and projection of the skull Lonibroso combined physiognomy and I phrenology and produced his famous the ory of criminology. Dr. Simms lectured on physiognomy in the United States, Oreat Britain and Australia, and was I elected to membership in scientific organ izations of high standing. Darwin was I getting ready to publish his "Origin of 1 Species," Huxley had not jet "arrived." P A fow years later when Huxley and D r- ! win were famous names. Dr. Simms I ranked equally high In certain quarters And now physiognomy is a thing of the past It is not recognized as a relent. '' The library" classification of what few books on the subject survive is under the heading Occult Science that Is, no science sci-ence at all. Lombroso is discredited , curiously enough Dr Spitzka was the fore I most of his victorious opponents. Phre- PM. nology is considered only in a humorous I light: the part of a phrenologist is played 1 c by the chief comedian in the revived ! "Florodora" Of physiognomists onlv the cousins, thrice removed, are left voca j tional advisers, so called, who profess to tell from the shape of a man's nose, whether he is best fitted for salesmanship or farming. The names of Lavater, Gall, ' Spurzhelm, Simms mean nothing to tho present generation. I Yet there is something In physiognomy ji some basis of fact, howeer ajight. Un. I doubtedly a person's way of thinking PM leaves its Impress on his body, just a3 his way of living docs. Most of us practise rphysloguomy, more or less subconsciously- VVo judge other people by their looks f to a large extent We do not expect to find the aesthete in the gross, thick. 1 lipped, big-nosed, heavily-jpwled man. or j ( the brain of a poet in the undershot, thick- I Jawed bullet head. Whether wo realize it or not, the size and shape of other people's 1 features lead us to appraise their char- acters, sometimes to a serious degree And Our Judgment is 'correct, very often. Physiognomy was tho attempt to stan, dardlze this habit of Judging by looks. 1 Human features vary and human faculties (Vary; there must be a direct association between features and faculties, the phyal- JnMMBSMMC111 II ill ---- "- -y--a, 1 -se, cars, iviouth, ognomist arguea, and he attempted to Q"C' Which Were Dr. Simms's Specialty. show the connection The movement was v . ',' . y ..'c' - '.' ' 1 ' : - ' ' , , J$y .-. in lino with tho evolution of other science.". -v..y ....... '' .:' V. ' ' " i4 ; :', jv:V- i fjjf - Other sciences had their beginnings In '- ' J - i;''!" ' ' ':. ' V . : " : wonder at natural phe- . - . b-4J' . , f " " ' u" '' '-'c -fari , nomona, and so, prob- -1 . ' ."I'f rv; . . ' J , : . - . - , ., Rfc ! ably, did physiognomy. .. -. ,,i ' ,:-f,- ""' if'1 From tho very incep "V, Mij lion of human con- Vt-v. ' '. - V, k. sciousness, doubtless, 'Sfflfv" h. thero must have ex- ' 'im . $t Wt. isted a feeling for phys- , ...;-. ; The fngenioiM Kallometef 3- iognomv. Tho savage ' . .. -'-JfMwl n& - - .'-- J . ' Vi'i'.' v ttt t.n . i u of the stone age sained - ' ' . " " vC"' tifk or beauty Meter,' Which i h's first impression of ' 'i'',' ' ' .-) K'S I Placed Upon the race to Rl li's fellows' characteris- . 9 ', ; :-i t- . 1. c e tics from their looks .- ' '.' , " Test tho Symmetry of tho . Kxnerlence verified his -l ... , . .d,- . Features and Their Beauty a.d there flljHHP- X after he came to look ;fS' .- Propoi"tions cr the Contrary. for similar realities In --y' j - C)' ' f3 bein?s with similar fea- j m " Hn ,. ?-- jy'-.' jk1 ' tures. Successive gen- I ' ' v eratlons followed the I '" LLB is practise until It I " 1 'nmw -ji- r T.-rJU F became a human hahlt g . . -. .-.,c J ' v X and eventually a sci- ,, , '' " S ' encc So with other , , y.-.-r ' . ' -p' Early man no- .1 y yif" . , '. . . : v i. -1 chemical ch meo? 'ti&m'M ' V'V 4 ' " .". it- : - 1 and other ph.-nomon.-- .'SPAM J '. : J.&.' ' Jjf--L;. MV. fW -l JA and associated then MbS $ ''v' ijS- ,.' -: -, - ' Jr ( ' I with the ntpernatunil Wgr, ' . 'JSf?- U . ' ' "a : ' -K v- ' ' r t'' Jr 3 f I was content with JSMr 3l '"' ' ' ' ' NA - ;W S y this explanation. His E9Sa' W? I 1 ' 1 v- V ' ' Ty descendants tried to (fwl ' . . , . Jfe br:n 'bout these rL ' ' ' ' r"r&l " : ' i A " changes themselves, ' ' ; ifojaSS' ,v-rV- ' -S - i VfcV V'' ' "(&-' ''JWflBfti- - ' -- T. hut Iv-Ip vrd that what- W" ' ' J ( '"r - I ''-w . ists. for examplowho ', -f '' - f -":' .. "v ' pure" chemistry that w Vl t'S' kjt know to-day Ur. Joseph Simms a, 75"iSW.- '-3 -j -'-J- ' V "S I sas an aticmpl to Head achieve the lmpo3si- Scienti ble. Chemicals are Examina absolute substances. It is quite possible to analvze and classify and divide them until the final constituent elements are discovered, and then to prove the remit by synthesis. Not so with human faculties. facul-ties. There is too much variation, ton many and too fine subtleties There Is nothing absolute-about tho faculty of rea sonlng or the ability to perceive form or the desire for children or the power to gain wealth There is nothing tangible or concrete about the qualities of courage or will. Yet tho physiognomist attempted to show that the possesion of thesp and other abstract qualities was evidencod in the concrete, that strength of purpose or the lack of it was shown beyond ca il by the shape and sizo of tho r.ose. that tho form of tho lips betokened sensuousness or ascetli ,-m and so on. The phrenologist found the same evidence In the size and thape of the head and its protuberances. Both physiognomy and phrenology had a basis in fact, but both went too far. Dr. Simms followed Lavater and Gall and Srmrzheim in his system of physiognomy physiog-nomy and introduced new theories He took all the human faculties he could conceive con-ceive of and classified thorn as related to the eye. nose, mouth, chin, ear, eyebrow and other parts of the face. Ho attempted lo prove tho correctness of his a:-sump tions by showing the portrait." of men known to possess certain faculties in re. markable degree A musician with a huge noso. slightly hooked, or several such musicians, mu-sicians, proved, so far as ho was con-corned, con-corned, that any being with a big hooked, nose was a natural musician. If the sub. jert also possessed a weak chin or a re. ceding forehead he might never get anywhere, any-where, might never Use his musical talent enough to become known as Its posesor. but, nevertheless, he had it. And. as no cne could prove, under these conditions, that tho most tone-deaf person -was not in. nately a musical genius, Slmms's theories were for a while unassailable Many and curious his theories of phvs iognomv were. In 1S74 Dr. Simms pub. llshed "Physiognomy Illustrated, or. Natures Na-tures Revelations of Character. A description de-scription of tho mental, moral and volitlve dispositions of mankind as manifested in the human form and countenance " a vol. unie of six hundred pages with more than half as many illustrations After an Intro ductlon. in which ho traces the hl&tory of physiognomy from the earliest times "and sets forth "tho moral results of its cultl-vation," cultl-vation," Dr. Simms classifies the forms of the human body abdominal, thoracic, muscular and fibrous, osseous or bony. etc. Then he enumerates the human faculties and states the principles on which they are founded. Certain predominant forms of tho body manifest certain mental pow. ers or faculties, he argues, and proceeds to list and classify them. When tho abdominal form predominates he says the following qualities are appar-cnt appar-cnt in the mind- Acqulesciveness, animal, lmitationality, aquasorbltiveness. or the uHet.Wltei;,pbj'sloelpk,(lit'- or bopo re-lating re-lating to bodily wants; gra&pativeness, or An Interesting feSA 'X- C U Model of th '. ;' i 7 xL Vf ? V yS v;A rA love of gain: associative . WW 4 ' I ' f Jy G ''" ' ' l 7 fid oess, 01 desire of company; Curious Chart from the Late Dr. Joseph irnms's boo!: cn lJnystcgnomy. aPpetith'HllOss. or proponsi- P,-0. lChtirl.mni;nr. ihouch DBJlblc to wrllo Ma on nninp, prumolrd iirhool., n.Tn, r I v !I mn, l 10 Cat, aila retallatlVO- and tt.t the unml . ml nnd cuK nrlslnK monarch of LN duv. .No. J Jnmc BOMWCll) Ihr crlr. ness, or disposition to rc- iii.Krnphrr turn like for like And so "TT cTTTr V nr "" on .ith the other bodily Z- SSS?" forms. For each of these rtA c. "" n flv dor' nn qualities he lists tho feu- X' -r- CONSCIEN- X. elwhaat, irhUe htm tures vvmptomatic of its VW- HOPE TiOUSNESS hi -?S. Hf-nurai.n.nnd possession or lack. Ay IALITY.7 J 'vnVA ,-nr-iy been Aquasorbltiveness, for A CXr.-,-rA-rii L- 7 V InAjv "j muniied. ample, Is shown by "a WCiTATI0rJ VJ XA , 3-r,"ha' rounding or puffy fulness M&SSSkS fr ff ' of the cheeks from one-half ZJl rt lc idi imiT V t"'n or Ceylon to three-fourths of an Inch A? AVi i hC PJ ' I J CAlJTC) KMP 5 q Vx vA w 4 " J h " oiityaM. backward and A? 6 J? slightly upward from tho ?Y & 4 f 5 73 r- ,h r mouth that is part of tho I Y" sTl 7- ?5 Si No- tt T"""" face where tho love of rfs v m o 31 '"n ,. nn "OT,S! liquid first manifests itself." 3 . ?T e77 ? 1 1 V t', Heavy jaws, large neck and g f) , r j , J c ,n ff m I " Jl 1 1 heavy chest, ho Bays, are "Q AT ? S, "J00 t? Z id I 1"''' ,uanlf"' aj signs 6f large .rapacity, and VTTtV U ' b X W5rUcTS 1 i STLfitl C"'1-cites C"'1-cites as proof the fact that A 77r4i? NrX 'f I5a I Ko, S lord Bribe Br-ibe "conformation of th i &$&AtL-Jv. ' V- rwvX 0 I I Si r,m' po' "r ",;,r" Jaw. are the means that 'rc I VTTjX C PI - ffS, nature has provided to man l"1 fflfS. MPPf Tftrl & oT A and the lower animal king- I 13 11 "7 CMnl described dom for grasping and re- lT t V fO '", ' ' p-r - tainlng possession of their LANGUAGF N---W ,X I v ""."s - "e v . food: and therefore denotes "T P'-nJ I J J nnninmi urn, an tho degree of the predatory' Vj mMtkW '-niih df rsj. proclivities of the indlvidu M? '""xA ni . al, which is not confined vS S S Ieaa Svrisi to food alone ANATNE-1" aefcer, port ud "A long, prominent nose, f ' I f phionoinU. which rises high from the VD S "T B.peror of" li'ul.' face in its vpper part Is the A !. n hla reeh very' best evidence of large ,urc lndi-e .- moral courage." he says. n nflcra laMBal In discussing the "protective ruic. onu inusiraies 1111s contention con-tention with pictures of a professor of divinity and a pugOist one of whom, of course, has an exceedingly long nose and the other hardly any The nose that "stands far out from the face In the region cf the bridge" Is a certain sign of an aggressive ag-gressive nature, he says, because "the vlclou-. biting and kicking horse is almost invariably found to possess a nose of the bow shape" and "the same rule holds good In the human family." Tho symptoms of self-esteem or conceit are the carrying of the head well back and relatively great length from the point of CJ 10:o. IntcrniUonal Jeature Service-lot tho nose to the lower part of the chin. Dr. Simms asserts, and shows a picture of Beau Brummel to prove It. The likeness of another pugilist Is printed to show the characteristics of physical courage, which sro chiefly a large, thick neck and wide nostrils. A round ear standing well out from tho head Indicates the ability to re-ceivo re-ceivo and appreciate sound, and the broad, square, full face like Franklin's. 1? the physiognomical premonstration of economy. To illustrate tho symptoms of the desire of possession a broad face with a prom rcit Brttaia Kis&u Bccrvcl picture of Com- 1 modoro Vanderbilt. and for the lack of this quality the likeness of a thin, dish-faced dish-faced being denominated "a squanderer " Pictures of Mrs. Margaret Fuller Osoll who preferred to drown rather than leave her husband, and of Brigham Tonne, ' the ! noteQ polygamlst," are shown to prove the 'signs of "monogamy, the disposition to , love one only," a round shape of the cyo opening being the "most unexceptionable l evidence of large mating love." Mrs. Osoll is shown with perfect circles for eyes and Brigham Young -with mere peering lits of f course. Lizzie Smith, a notorious pick- I The Krain of Laura Bridgeman. The Deaf, Dumb and !ind Gi-l who, Before Be-fore the Dy of Hel.-n Keller, Aton-shed Aton-shed the Scientific World by Her Learning Learn-ing and Intelligence. Here the Convolution! Convolu-tion! of tho Brain Are Deep and in Wid Folds. The Cellular A-r.-i . Very Extensive Exten-sive and the Brain Itself Heavy. Thero Are in It Tracei Very Strongly Marked of Undeveloped Areas. These Are Centres Cen-tres Directly Connected With Sight and Hearing. On the Other Hand, Port.ons of It, as Can Bo Seen from the Photograph, Photo-graph, Aro Very Abnormally Developed. Compare Wi'h It the Beo jtifuliy Balanced Brain of Dr. Edward D. Ccpe. , m 1 pocket of New York, and William TyndaTe, 0 translator of the Bible and martyr, are EK shown side by side, r.nc p.s.x -wig all the H 1 physiognomical attributes of honesty and H t ' the other lacking them And so on through I ffji the whole category b man sins and vb m 1 . likes and dislikes, and even the pet- Rt tiest foibles. M Tv But now Dr. Simms in dead, and physl- wk. ogr.omy with him. Tho prcsent-dav Inves- IIbV tigator traces the faculties through tho nerves which lead f:oui various parts of B fk the body to the brain The whole interior tl. Of the s!:ull has been mapped out and dl- ri vided into lobes and tho various parts named To the layman two brains look f alike, but a sclenilst of Dr. Spltzka's at i : talnments can discern vital differences. sV ' Dr. Spitzka asserts that, shown any brain K u he has studied, he can tell whose It was ' without any label or other artificial dis- y tinguishing mark. jr ' - : J So Dr Spitzka Is examining the brain of Pi Dr Simms, whe.s pseudo-science be helped displace. Physiognomists were not . in the haulf of analyzing their own coun- s V tenances and thero Is no record that Dr. Simms did so. But Dr ppluka has known h:m for a long time an-l 13 familiar with his mental characteristics Will tho con- iS elusions that might be readied by Dr. - Slmms's system agree with those of Dr. 'aVfc.' Spitzka after he has completed his ex- &mW amination? Would a "rending" of Dr. ' ;L Slmms's f?ee show certain things which 'iBfe Dr Spitzka's dissection of the brain will ' flBB Or would the two methods collide? Will SsV tho results of the careful weighing and ; T" dissecting of Dr. Slmms's brain show him YY to have possessed certain qualities which Ms friends In life know he did not have? jfcV -' -JaA And would an examination of his features, RB? by his own system, show that he had these' wSEkX Qualities? If so, physiognomy would achieve one last triumph, would have dealt jS n .;.iring blow t0 its victorious du,- ''4p : ess or. Jt. But if not ;f the results of Dr. Spltzka's I 9 xamlnation coincide with what we3 inown of. Dr. Simms then the younger '1 " .clence will have comyiletcd its victory. ' J : vhether the Simms physio-nomy agreed' -r ' ir not. For cerebral morphology has al- cady proven Itaelf, and physiognomy, with . hronology and a host of other ologles, ha . L assed into the reulm of forgo' ten fads. Iti I lut It will be interesting to seo what the r-at opponent of physiognomy makes of W '- "M he brain of Its great proponent, W&l , I rUl Dr. Spitzka find? 11 |