Show s j 1 I 0 t 6 t f j r J r J 1 g i i k 1 1 r 1 11 v d t h l s sr r K f i A t f P I x vyv I Ii It J t i y t t k t li rr r Z K 7 t t f d t It r u v ID I t i lW A j lb rJ f v f 9 x S 1 i rr 7 1 A k l l lV V 0 z Zoa fl 4 Ca neon 22 1 1 W E i i f 31 l A Jt i N Nr 1 S rf a r 14 m b t m f M dl J lr v t tI JJ f I t yr Wr fit t K 1 ij i t l j 1 ro ll lloS L t JI 1 i fl Pk oS WJ F MY Yr Y t ti I 1 F i 91 t I f lr t ii M MJ r I Iti J l 1 JY 1 m e W it J q t Z L I W j iJ f tW t 1 t ji p t f y I 1 I tv i fJ F i i t f t fIfi t i tJ i h fl A 1 S lAi f t r 1 I v a Co r ee P la Ezon roza v fit HE cultivation and manufacture of I sugar r form orm practically the solo In ot of the islands c ii r of oC mon mun are directly employed In It and almost evor every In It Ar A Arise one le 18 more mora or Ie less Interested r use rise or fall In the tho price of oC sugar affects BUT the Ninety per cent ill t ot of the tho exports which last loat year rented a ot of consists of iy y rn raw w or refined sugar Thus Thull the territory DIY Is In the unfortunate situation ot of being helDI 74 dependent upon a single source ot of pros pros parity Any ny serious setback to In Industry would sink Hawaii In a lies hns f In which Jamaica depression lon to that I lain for n number ot of years catS ir f I Thin Tho decade which has hns elapsed sleep u t S r f the annexation ot of Bawoll nod the prote I I Uon tion of Its chief product has witnessed a great expansIon of oC the Industry The t I output oc n Int last year which upwards otI of Q 0 ton tonic alost doubled the pr situ I 1 d on of at 1559 O The rile business LB IB In the thel t l I hands or of 03 j corporations whose total i ot of oty capital to Some I those t have returned as much n ni ns y i 2 per cent yearly dl whilst oth others i ers not net paid expenses The mot most profitable those Fe with am m lIe plc capital and complete equipment Buy Duy log and selling sugar u r thin tho favorite form torm ot of speculation ot of the tho slanders The great increase In iii production hn been secured mainly by tile the adoption of 0 Improved methods ot of cud nud man Twenty years ago tile chit 1 10 yield ot of fiU sugar was no more than pounds per lr hundred pounds or of Cane and tiro average yield ot of asno was 25 tens time t the hI twee er per ht At the present L ii ull ully I 12 age yield or of marketable sugar pounds pound per pounds ut of COile and the 1 average yield of 01 cane per acre nere I Is UL 40 10 tons These me apt to be mis l beading unless It II is under that crop requires 8 from IS 18 to 22 months month to mature so M that Ie lets then thun one om onel l If Y halt ot of the under cultivation cnn cah be harvested each year Sll Sugar cane enne Is cultivated In unwell un under der quite from rolD tb base that In fu other re cc gloss or of the world Each ot of thu is 18 divided 11 Into two distinct climatic zones separated hr by the mountains which occupy py PF the center ot of every member ot of the group On the tho eastern Or windward side Ride the tho effect or of the tho Is felt and the is 16 copious The Iee ward side Is arid but the tho more fertile The Tho western o lands yield thu largest crops crop hut but they can only bo be secured 1 ur by irrigation tho not net pro profits ti are about equal from the tho cultivation ot of cane caneon on the sl side o and tho lie and The TIIU planters h however appear to the tue preference to the be latter lutter and ond the principal lIu sugar Jr are arc to be found III ht the irrigated Irrl districts The Tho to total nl area aren under cone cane is 18 O acres ot of which about one half Is b irrigated The process s of oC irrigation In Is expensive The Ire are ot of volcanic formo I I and their formed or of I layers ot of lava flow As n natural cease conse consequence quence the ground ss 18 greatly broken and porous There are few surface streams much of the water Into the earth mill and following ln subterranean channels ditches pumps res reservoirs pipes etc are necessary pacts of the equipment ot of plantations on the leeward side and represent ent an outlay ot of or nt at the rate ot of per pl r Here under cultivation Some ot of the pumping plants ore very er extensive Those rholie on the Ewa estate cost l They hn have a lilt lift ot of 30 feet teet nod a daily en en IJ Parity ot of 7 gallons Flumes are often employed to carry carrywater water over ravines aid gulches 11 II It some Iome have extensive rail r roads sash lIeb fill as the Ewe Ewo with miles of If track others on more l ground It most e i c li find to lo he cane from fromn rom fi to the mill In n fume the filled with water The f STAV aw fUG UGAR t 1 y r B s ll zincS y rr I VS 0 V I lC L 1 J lff ti r c 1 i J td i i fi t J 1 1 t 1 t Y Yr 51 b r 11 A t r a j r n 7 r rd A r Y M d 4 d tl v i t r rw y C y 1 r rt rF f X ij v X f I d dit it k I I 3 1 lf t SA j f fW 1 W i 4 Z J t ton I on is E E w I 1 b j i I cb l lN N J t tJ J X 1 1 I s t V y F t 5 E M P y t t t rt ti w l J C 1 s ff Pit iJ r 1 z f r j S t t i riS J s X K h l t ural O iff r 4 If ir is If I At y ht F i d 4 f 1 I j f rH 1 i It jq dW it ow M m Wo ELce it J titan Z 2011 22 I Irrigation systems are arc all con cond and owned hy by the plantations In rare cases they have bno a 11 small surplus o of water which sells nt at ilg urea The usual price Is from O to S Sper per Iler million gallons allon nod and as h high h os as u year for tor n a continuous flow or of go gallons lions per 21 I hours hourn The Tho rIchest lands In the tho arid regions or of the tho United States could not be opera operated teLl under such a charge for tor service But ut on en the mainland the supply Is 18 chicO lie se secured cured through gravity lt systems and no such lIuch cost Is known all as tint commonly Incurred by the Hawaiian planters of 78 In lifting gallons to lions of water feet But Dut irrigation Jg Is not tho only Item In which the expenses ot of thu tho Ita wallan plantations greatly exceed of In other ports ot of tho ho world Something more titan thun Is III In the territory every year rear for or fertilizers Thle represents nn n aver average cr age of 2220 O per acre or of crop or i per pcr ton tOil of product In the matter ot of general equipment the expenses ot of the tho island are not behind those ot of the most up to date In Cuba Ou On mot most or of the estates the machinery Is 15 the very ery best hest obtainable end the rolling roiling stock equally excellent exCelleD t Then agate lotion I is an unusually henry beor charge In Inthe inthe the Industry The output goes to the Eastern markets of the United nod a large proportion ot of It has hns hasto to tiro expense ot of tho ho long trans transcontinental continental rail haul bell In compliance with the tho States IJ R the planters ore required to ship their product In American bottoms There buts hIJII neer I beau n amount of oC tonnage or of this character tr to corr carry more titan ir 76 ver pcr cent ot of the annual export 11 0 round Cape Horn and the balance ha has necessarily been sent via Ia San an Francisco It will r readily ho he understood hut under such conditions WI the HawaIIan sugar In must enjoy the ot of ellenp labor In order to maintain Its et cx lu competition with III countries that are not lIot burdened with such heavy expenses In connection with cultivation The present wale wage scale sup the maximum rate that the tho average cnn can stand Few Fen fit of the could have bno conceded the tha re recent recent cent demand ot of the Japanese for tor nn an In Increase crease or of nearly 13 pr per cent In their wages At this day they receive HB 18 n a mouth with good quarters fuel water rind medical l tree free The Amen Amerl cnn can form farm hand bODd sets gets little more and nOlI the Japanese who sire striking for tor the increase could not earn as 01 touch In their own country Thu Tho Chinese on this tho same pay and the Portuguese on onn n Jr greater sum RUID have contrive io ioIan io save Ian enough money moner to enable them to buy hand lond and Iet up fie liS Independent tors tor They Ther ate are no now practically all out ot of the cane Nelda 1111 aad the resultant monopoly or of the labor supply encourages the nose to hops bOllO that they can higher WD C from irom the planters They arc or organized under leaders who have hae studied thin tho methods of labor Ibor unions In the Slates and especially those which furor violence Uti us a means ot of carrying their point Some ot of these leaders advocate arson and as nod their organ I la In Its utter Previous to the o of Unwell Its hind cooperated with the tho Planters Association or of th the 1 In se 51 securing curial curing foreign In laborers borers who bo were brought ht t 4 r y st I rt d C C CJ J vAta C i f fI I 4 V V 2 L t e t i t a ar I v 4 M r I aB g 5 r t 0 t W Yf f 20 V VY J Y A f f r TJ from various parts ot of the world under contracts cud rut nt great expense some of oC oCth th the Portuguese uese shipments testing as 08 much us n head After the Territory Incorporated In III the United States nod to its contract labor laws It seemed t to bo be to this movement and It ceased Intel Lately however the Territorial authorities reach reached ed the conclusion lint whilst t they might not employ nn any special for the put I P peso o ot of promoting trae they could without coming Into with the federal devote the or of general taxation to that et In Ill uc with this Idea Iden nD an Income tax has been Imposed Impo ed upon the tho people ot of Ha and the tho revenue derived d from rom It is 16 isto to b ho applied to the of om I from Southern Europe to the Ha Islands Mr Ir A J Campbell tho treasurer ot of tho Territorial recently PI through New York on hI his way ny to South cnn ern Europe where lit ha Is now directing the recruiting agencies which have been established there In his hili opinion the only solution to the labor lies lIel In get et ettin tin flag rid or of the tho unruly Jep Jap and lie hc be lIeres that no price will he too great rent to lulls for the attainment of that lIe Ile that th this designs or of the Japanese contemplate the ot of the plantations nail onI that the they will con cone o rc I e troublesome as long Jong Jongas nM as they remain There Them is III no doubt douht about the Top lap being It a good worker and It n a afresh fresh supply could be had ball ever two or three years to toke take the ot of those preceding them thins things might run smooth smoothly ly Iy ou on the plantations But Dut the trouble is IR that os as soon as 18 the lie Japanese begin to feel teel nt at home and learn something ot of American ways woys they wont want to become bosses boses end and endrun run things I to cult themselves II Mr Ir Camp Campbell Is b by no means In these The They nrc quite generally entertained In the be Islands Even Een though these efforts to free the l sugar industry from It its II dependence upon the sons ons ot of Nippon should bould bo be eventually many years must elapse before the change con can be 00 completely carried The or of securing turl 11 laborers I In is isa n a tremendous one when the selection is III restricted to a 0 comparatively small area nt at a great distance nod and tho ho cost or of im importing porting thom them to lInwall will be not DOt lu less In n the meanwhile It seem that I the future prosperity ot of th the cnn can b hc hest t assured d by br the tho development ot of the many other resources lit at the command of the Their almost exclusive dependence u upon n sugar places them In inthe the thc somewhat precarious position ot of fad In lag their sole lolo support In n a protective o tariff It If that prop should ho be removed RS as It concel conceivably obly may at no very cry distant du day fio bushels and ond commerce would fall to pieces pl pike like a house bunt built on sand for tor her sugar Industry could never survive free and open competition The Tho situation has caused serious cr ul concern to those who are interested In the welfare ot of the territory and nave naTe nn an und understand In log ot of the conditions t |