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Show rMm AND GAKDEX" i MATTERS OP INTBIIHOT TO I AdnikULTumsrB. Same t'p-tilte IllnU Atm-it Col- llrntlnn nl the Hull eii.t Met.lt 1 hereof llnrllewllure. Viticulture nil Ilorleultiire. (lon.1 l., I.. Rxcellont work l being done In New 1 Jersey In tho construction and Improvement Im-provement of roads The movement Is said to hive begun tn l&M by the organization or-ganization of a highway Improvement atsoclstlon and (hi paseage of a law Imposing upon the state one-third of tho cost of good roads constructed un dcr the direction of a state road commissioner. com-missioner. Under this statute 2JS miles of macadamlted roadway has been constructed at sn expente of I ICC -MI to the state aad upward of a million mil-lion dollars to tbe lountlea and the property-owners People can now travel upon n hard mudlees highway In all ktnda of weather It Is solid and smooth as a boulttard from Jersey City to Atlantic City and from Paterson to Camden. The work of construction I has continued for a aeries of years In 1893 and ISO I. stveuty-four tulles, H35, sixty-six and one-half miles, ls9i), fifty-one miles, etc. The coil has been diminished by experience from an average av-erage of ,6,000 per mile In mi to 1 1.000 a mils In 1S97. Tbe toll and other physical condltlont in Illlnolt are so similar to thoao of New Jersey that It Is believed the tame methods and estimates would apply equally well to both atatca. In New Jersey opposition to tho new s)stem has altnoat entirely died out and tho applications for state assistance aro so numrroua that the appropriation will be Increatel from ItuO.OuO to J300.WO ihla cir. The farmer havo found that they actually tavo moro than the amount of their taxea In repairing their wagnna, bar-neta bar-neta and In hone ihoe. without con-aldcrlng con-aldcrlng tlio wiar of ilio anuuula nnd the economy of time The road com-mlMloncr com-mlMloncr of New Jersey pull n practical practi-cal lesson lu matbtmatlc before the fanners. "It coats Vi cents a bushel," he says, "to ship wheat from Chicago to New York, a dltianra or 000 miles It costs 3cents a bushel to haul wheal on a level road u dlaance of live miles and on a aandy road It would cost at least 9 cents per mile to haul It. The saving on a bushtl of wheat with good roads for n distance of five mile would be about equivalent to that of 375 mile by railroad. Ono mile of good roads would make a saving equal to seventy-five seventy-five mile of railroad transportation. Thus ivery mllo of good road place the producer sevenly-flve mites by rail nearer to tho m; rketa. It Is estimated that lbs coal of aiAitlnc 700,000,000 tons of farm products to market I 13 per ton, or Just about II.tOO.000,000. II Is also estimated that about 00 per cent of this last amount, or IMOOOO.OOO. would be saved each year If farmer were ablo to do thlt hauling orer good road." "The real cott of transportation transporta-tion that burdent our agilculturnl clastet," be sayi. "It tho part of II bo-twecn bo-twecn the farm and the towu or railway rail-way station rather than between tho railway station and tho market. The loss due to bad roads Is out of the greatest wastes of energy connected with farming as It Is carried on In this country." Cane llrneosli. & fl. Lodcman. Department of Agriculture Agri-culture Deport A few terms must bo clearly understood before any of tho details of crape training can be satisfactorily satis-factorily considered The following definitions explain many terms uted In this article: A shoot (fig 1, ) It a green or Immature growth lest thsn one year old. A cane (fig. 1 d) Is a matured shoot, as found at the end of ono year' growth. An arm (fig. l.g) Unmatured cane, two or moro yun of ago, It length and farm are not changed from year to year. It office being to produm cutlet or branches An arm It alto frequently fre-quently called a "cordon " especially by Duropnaua; tho cordon It spoken of at horizontal, vertical, or oblique, depending depend-ing upon tho direction In which It He on tho trrlll. A branch tflc I, h) It nn arm whleh varies In form and lenRlh from year to year, being modified by tho addition of spurs, or by the cutting uway of older portions of Us body. It Is commonly composed of spurs more than ono year old A spur (fig 1, b) Is a shortened or pruned cane, generally bearing from one to four buds: If cut longer, tueli a portion la commonly tpoken of a a cane and not a a pur. Spurring refer to the operation of cutting cut-ting back a 'ran to the length of a tpur. Stem, or trunk (fig 1, 1), tcfert ta that portion of tht vine found below tho origin of tho lowest arm or tJKS- IDPAb VINK ItKNRWAI. METHOD. tra.-ch: It extends to the ground In tho Knlffla system tho stem proper generally gen-erally extendi to tbe top wire of tho trellis. The operation of prinlng tho vino It performed for the sole purpose of removing suoh wood as will not bear, or such as Is suppoacd to Interfere with tbe produotlon of the flneat crop of fruit that the plant Is able to mature Ita primary object, therefore Is to reduce re-duce the amount of bearing wood and thereby thin tho fruit, so that tbe roots of tho vlnea are not taxed beyond their capacity. Fie. 2 prevents a vino which hat been yttematlcally cut back every year, and which la ence more ready for It annual an-nual prunlnx The varloua portlona aro Uttered, I being tho stem, g the armi, 3 apuri, d tht taut of last year, a tht ' matured thoolt of tkelMt growing sea- I son. Not entering here upon the tub- I Jct of renewal, wblrh I treated In dt- I tall elf on bete, we will assume that the I priming Is lo be done only for the pur- I pose of removing superfluous branch. ' All tht fruit I at course borne upon the elioole. whleh grow from the budt now found upon the canes, the ennos, therefore, must be removed and not tbe older wood, for the latter serves as the framework upon which the canes are maintained In cutting away tho ennes all wood which has not properly matured ma-tured should le removed, and those thoott wblrh hnve made an excessive growth, forming ' bull canes," aro also undesirable Medium sited, short-Jointed short-Jointed and well-matured wood Is to bo preferred, and such wood only Yet somo of thl well-developed wood muat alto be sacrificed until tbo amount allowed al-lowed to remain upon the plant Is reduced re-duced to the proper proportion. Assuming As-suming that the plant ran mtture tho fruit produced by twenty-four buda (the number of buds left may vary from two to fifty, or more) about thirty budt could be allowed tn develop. Thesa should be uniformly distributed, according ac-cording to the system of training employed: em-ployed: they may bo left upon five canea, each enno having six buds, at thown In the Illustration, or tho distribution distri-bution may be varied according to circumstances, cir-cumstances, tlut such Is In general tho nulhod adopted In the vineyard for estimating es-timating tbo proper amount of bearing wood to leave upon each vine. As a result of such systematic pruning the fruit upon the vine la larger and moro fair. It Is also produced more regularly, since tbe maturing of too heavy a crop weakens tho vine to that It Is unable to mature even an average amount of fruit the following year. A vine properly prop-erly pruned nnd fertilised should bear about the same amount of fruit each year from the time It comes In full bearing A secondary benefit derived rthoOTON nilNUWAI BT8T11M. from pruning Is tho reduced stature of the plant Tbla nllowa mora vlnea to bo act upon a given pleeo of land, and enable the work of cultivating, spray-Iny spray-Iny harvesting to bo performed much moro rosily mid profitably. 7T Onion Uri.Hlnf. The incut popular varieties of onluci for market nro tho following' White 8otitbport White (Hobo; red, Urge Ited Wcthersfletd; and jellow, Yellow Olobe n.iuvers. say Country (lentlo-man. (lentlo-man. Thcro nro others, but tbe above are considered the best nnd moat prodt-abte. prodt-abte. Yellow onlona bolng greateat In demand, the Olobo Danvcra variety, owing to Ita uniform shape, bright color col-or and excellent quality, I universally accepted a the atandard. It will keep better than any other kind, and even If accidentally froxen In storage, It more covering la added and It Is left alono until thoroughly thawed. It will come out llttlo tho worse for Ha experience. expe-rience. Tho wtlttr haa grown no other variety for market for fifteen years, Much of the tucce of tho crop depend upon tho quality and freshneai of lb ited town. It It belter to pay n dollar a pound more for a aelectcd ttraln of a rellablo teed house than to be fooled by cheap teed, northern-grown teed li preferable to California. In the yield of onlont per acr tbero It a very wide range, from two hundred to ono thousand thou-sand butbclss and these numbers ar not quite tho ettreinc either, for occa-alonally occa-alonally a crop of 1.500 bushels It hoard of, and It It by no meant uncommon to (co crops of leu than 200 buibcl; but a man who can average (00 to COO may comlder hlmiclt rt tucceuful onion grower, whllo 100 to COO Is a very fair crop. The width of the rows, the quality qual-ity mid quantity (varying from four to six pounds per acre) of seed town, tho adaptability of the soil, and the extent lo which It Is fertlllied, tho attention given to cleanliness and cultivation these sre the factors governing tbo alt of tho crop. Warning Asslntl I'raMiH. A teller Jutt received at tbo Ohio Agricultural Ag-ricultural Kaperlment Htnilou from Miami Mi-ami county state that a man giving tht name of Oliver Hawu and claiming lo Lav been at on time connected with said station la traveling through thtt county and telling material for spraying spray-ing fruits, foods for poultry and spray Hurt for lie killing purposes, and claiming that hi material! have been experlmtnted with at the ttallon and proved surcaMtul. Another communication communi-cation from Stark county atatet that a man giving tbetiamo of little la lr)lng to sell lu thai coui.ty a recipe for tbo provi'Ultuu of pntr blight, which ht rlalmt to bo Indorsed by this station Thlt party It tald to show letter written writ-ten on tbo letter heads of tho station, but without signature, and claims thai the state, through Hie station, hat protected pro-tected him with a line gold watch. These men aro both frauds. Tht Ohio Agricultural Dxperlment Station doe not Indone or ruoommrnd tccret compound! or procestet of any description descrip-tion whatever, and prosecuting attorney attor-ney throughout tbe ttato aro urged to arrest and prosecute, for obtaining money under falte prctentet, any persons per-sons who may claim to have any such Indorsement from the station. Acting Secretary Melklejohn of tht navy department at Wathlngton I arranging ar-ranging to send n military expedition up the Copper river route In Alaska to map out the topography of tho country and finally establish tbe value of thlt rout t tbe Klondike gold fields. f, t |