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Show llTHE PROGRESSIVE PARTY PLATFORM 4 f The following is tho platform adopt- ed by the Progressive party at its na- of-- tional convention held at Chicago Au-' Au-' IL gust 6, 1912, and Colonel Roosevelt A said It was a binding contract with ?N J the people to be -observod If the Pro-Ojj Pro-Ojj j gresslves were elected to office. 4 n Compare this straight, clean-cut plat-fek plat-fek form without any ifs with the old K ' ?arty promises: fj ; Declaration of Principles of the Pro-1 Pro-1 1 gressive Party. I The conscience of the people In a f Q -, time of grave national problems, has Ml i called Into being a new party, born l I 1 of the nation's awakened sense of Jus-J Jus-J I fee. , 'f We of the Progressive party dodl-y dodl-y catc ourselves to the fulfillment of K. j tho duty laid upon ub by our fathers T I to maintain that government of the ' f.J people, by the people and for the peo-M peo-M , pie whoso foundations they laid. We I ( hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abra-Hl Abra-Hl J ham Lincoln that the people are the m I masters of their constitution to fulfill S its purposes and to safeguard it from jl s IhoEo who, by perversion of its in- 3 'x tent, would convert it into an instru- M i ment of InjuBtice. In accordance with jj i the needs of each generation th3 pco- j pie must use their sovereign powers 1 a to establish and maintain equal op- i portunlty and industrial justice, to se- U , cure which this government was 1 J founded and without which no rcpub- Ij He ca- endure. ji a This country belongs to the people ' J who Inhabit it. Its resources, its bus- ! incss, its Institutions and its laws a should be utilized, maintained or al- I tered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. It is I time to set tho public welfare In the till first place. If The Old Parties. Ill ..Political parlies exist to secure re-jt re-jt sponsible government and to execute I tho will of the people. From these D groat tasks both of the old parties D have turned aside. Instead of Instruct Instru-ct meats to promote tho general welfare jS1 the' havo become the tools of cor- rupt interests which use them lmpar-"l lmpar-"l ttally to serve their selfish purposes. I Behind the ostensible government sits i enthroned an invisible government, t knowing no alleglanco and acknowl- dging no responsibility' to the peo- ; pie. To destroy this invisible government, gov-ernment, to dissolve the unholy al-Hanoe al-Hanoe between corrupt business and 1 corrupt politics Is the first task of tho Btatesmanship of the da3 I The deliberate betrayal of Its trust by the Republican party, the fatal in-' capacity of the Democratic party to doal with the new issues of the new time have compelled the poPl to forge a new instrument of government through which to give effect to their win. in laws and Institutions. Un hampered by tradition, uncorrupted ' by power, -undismayed by the magnitude magni-tude of the task, the new party offers of-fers Itself as tho instrumont of the people to sweep away old abuses, to j. build a new and nobler commonwealth. A Government With the People. This declaration is our covenant with tho people and we hereby bind ithe party and its candidates in state and nation to tho pledges made herein. here-in. The Rule of the People. Tho National Progressive party committed to the people of the government gov-ernment by a self-controlled democ-f democ-f racy, expressing its will through representatives rep-resentatives of the people, pledges Itself to secure such alterations in the fundamental law of the several states and of tho United States as shall ln-;, ln-;, sure the representative character of the government. In particular the party decrees for direct prlmarlos for "iff the nomination of state and national .j officers, for nation-wide preferential primaries for candidates for the pres- . Idency, for the direct election of Unlt- 'i ed States senators by tho people; and ; we urge on the states tho policy of the short ballot with responsibility to , the peoplo secured by the Initiative, referendum and recall. Amendment of Constitution. The Progressive party believing that a free people should have the : power to amend their fundamental law so as to adapt it progressively to the changing needs of the people pledges Itself to provide a more easy ' and expeditious method of amending . the federal constitution. i Nation and State. Up to tho limit of the constitution and later by amendment of the con-a con-a stltution, " if found necosEary, I wo advocate bringing under effective p national jurisdiction those problems 1" which have expanded beyond reach of the Individual states. r It Is as grotesque as it is intoler-. intoler-. able that the several states should by I unequal laws In matter A common 1 concern becomo competing commer- cial agencies, barter the lives of their children, the health of their women ' and the safety and well being of their f working people for the profit of their financial Interests. ' t T.he extreme inslstanco on states rights by the Democratic party In the fc Baltimore platform demonstrates anew its Inability to understand the ' world into which it has survived, or to i ndminlster the affairs of a union of states which have in all essential respects re-spects become one people. Equal Suffrage. Tho Progressive party, believing '' that no people can Justly claim to be a true democracy, which denieB ; political rights on account of sex, . Pledges itself to the task of securing i equal suffrage to men and women alike. I Corrupt Practices. We pledge our party to legislation - that will compel strict limitation of i all campaign contributions and ex-l' ex-l' pendltures and detailed publicity of . both, before as well as after primar-f. primar-f. le3 and elections. Publicity and Public Service. We pledge our party to legislation I compelling the registration of lobbyists; lobby-ists; publicity of commltteo hearings : except on foreign affairs and rccord-'nS rccord-'nS of all votes In committee; and forbidding federal appointees from holding office in state or natlonnl political organizations or talcing part , as officers or delegates in politcal conventions for the nomlnatiou of - elective state or national officials. The Courto. The Progressive party demands Biich restriction of power of tho courts as shall leave to the people the ultimate authority to determine fundamental questions of social welfare wel-fare and public policy. To Bocure thlc end It plodgcs Itself to provide: ; 1 That when au act, passed under the police power of the state is hold ; unconstitutional under the state con-; con-; stltution by the courts, the people, C after an ample intcival for delibera-f delibera-f tlon, shall hae an opportunity to ,rot on U8 question, whethor' they desire the act to become law notwithstanding not-withstanding such decision. 2 That every decision of the highest high-est appelate court of a state declaring declar-ing an act of the legislature unconstitutional uncon-stitutional on the ground of its violation vio-lation of tho federal constitution shall be subject to tho ss.mo roview by tho supremo court of tho United StatoB as Is now accorded to decisions sustaining sus-taining such legislation. Administration of Justice. The Progressive party In order to secure to the people a better administration admin-istration of Justice and by that means to bring about a more general respect for the law and the courts, pledges itself to work unceasingly for the reform re-form of legal procedure and Judicial methods. We believe that the Issuance of Injunctions In-junctions in cases arising out of labor la-bor disputes should be prohibited when such injunctions would not apply ap-ply when no labor disputes existed. wo also believe that a person cited for contempt In labor disputes, except when such contempt was committed In tho actual presence of the court Or so near there as to interfere with the proper administration of justice should havo a right to trial by Jury. Social And Industrial Justice. The supreme duty of tho nation i3 tho conservation of human resources through an enlarged measure of social so-cial and Industrial Justice, We pledge ourselves to work unceasingly in state and nation for: Effective legislation, looking to the prevention of Industrial accidents, oc- I cupatlonal diseases, overwork, In- voluntary unemployment and other Injurious effects Incident to modern lndiiHtrv. The fixing of minimum safety and health standards for the arlous occupations oc-cupations and the exercise of tho public authority on stato and nation including the federal control over Interstate In-terstate commerce and the taxing power, to maintain such standards. The prohibition of child labor. Minimum wage standards, for working women, to provide a 'living wage" In all Industrial occupations. The general prohibition of night work for women and the establishment establish-ment of an eight-hour day for women and young people. On'o days, rest in sevon for all wage workers. The eight-hour day in continuous twenty-four-hour Industries. The abolition of the convict contract con-tract labor system, substituting a system of, prison production for governmental gov-ernmental consumption only; and tho application of prisoners earnings to the support of their dependont families. Publicity as to wages, hours and conditions of labor; full reports upon up-on industrial accidents and diseases and the opening of pablic inspection of all tallies, weights, measures and check systems on labor products. Department of Labor. We pledge our party to establish a department of labor with a seat In the cabinet and with wide jurisdiction jurisdic-tion over matters affecting the conditions condi-tions of labor and living. Country Llfo. The development and prosperity of country life are as Important to the peoplo who live in the cities as they are to the farmers. Increase of the prosperity on the farm will favorably favor-ably affect the cost of living, and promote bhe interests of all who dwell in tho country, and all who depend upon Its products for clothing, cloth-ing, shelter and food We pledge our party to foster the development of agricultural credit and co-operation, the teaching of agriculture ag-riculture in schools, agriculture college col-lege extension, the use of mechanical pover on the farm and to re-establish the Country Life Commission, thus directly promoting the welfare of the farmers, and bringing the benefits bene-fits of better farming, better business busi-ness and better living within their reach. High Cost of Living. The high cost of living Is due partly part-ly to world-wide and partly lo local lo-cal causes; partly to natural and partly to artificial causes. The measures meas-ures proposod In this platform on various subjects such as the tariff, the trusts and conservation, will of themselves remove the artificial causes. There will remain other elements ele-ments such as the tendency to leave tho country for the city, waste, extravagance, ex-travagance, system of taxation, poor methods of raising crops and bad business methods In marketing crops To remedy these conditions requires the fullest Information and based on this Information, effective government govern-ment supervision and control to remove re-move all the artificial causes. We pledge ourselves to such full and immediate im-mediate inquiry and to immediate action ac-tion to doal with every need such Inquiry discloses. Health. We favor the union of all the existing ex-isting agencies of the federal government gov-ernment dealing with the public health into a singlo national health service without discrimination against or for any one set of therapeutic methods, school of medicine, or school of healing, with such additional powers pow-ers as may be necessary to enable it to pertform efficiently such dutieB in tho protection of the public from preventable pre-ventable disease as may be properly undertaken by the federal authorities; authori-ties; includlug the execution of existing exist-ing laws regarding pure food, quarantine quar-antine and cognate subjects; tie promotion pro-motion of appropriate action for tho Improvement of vital statiotlcs and the extension of the registration area of such statistics, and cooperation with tho health activities of the various va-rious states and cities of tho nation. Business. We believe that true popular government, gov-ernment, justice and prosperity go hand in hand, and so believing it is our purpose to secure that large measure of prosperity which is the fruit of legitimate and honeBt business, busi-ness, fortified by equal justice and by sound progressive laws. We demand that the test of true prosperity shall be the benefits conferred con-ferred thoroby on all citizens, not confined to individuals or classes and that tho test of corporate efficiency shall be tho ability bettor to serve tho public, that thooo who profit by the control of the business affairs, shall Justify that profit and that control con-trol by sharing with the public the fruits thereof. We therefore domand a strong national na-tional regulation of interstate corporations. cor-porations. The corporation is an essential part of modern business. The concentration concentra-tion of modern business, In some de-greo, de-greo, is both, inevitable and necesBary for national and International buBl-nesB buBl-nesB efficiency. But the existing concentration con-centration of vast wealth under a corporate system unguarded and uncontrolled un-controlled by the nation, has placed In the hands of a few men, enormous, secret, irresponsible power over the dally life of the citizen a power un-aufforable un-aufforable In a free government and certain of abuBe. This power has been abused in monopoly of national resources, in stock watering, In unfair competition and In unfair privileges and finally, In sinister Influences on the pubic Influences of state and nation. We do not fear commercial power, but we Insist that It shall be operated with publicity, supervision and regulation of the moBt efficient sort, which will preserve its good while eradicating and preventing Its evils. To that end, we urgo the establishment establish-ment of a strong federal administrative administra-tive commission of high standing, which shall maintain permanent active ac-tive supervision over industrial cor porations engaged In interstate commerce, com-merce, or such of them as are of public Importance, doing for them i what the government now does for the national banks, and what is now done for the railroads by the interstate inter-state commerce commission. Such a commission must enforce the complete com-plete publicity of those corporative transactions which are of public Interest; In-terest; must attack unfair competition, competi-tion, false capitalization and by continuous con-tinuous trained watchfulness, guard and keep open equally, all the highways high-ways of American commerce. Thus the business man will have certain knowledge of the law, and will be able to conduct his business easily In conformity therewith; the Investor Inves-tor will find security for his capital; dividends will lo "rendered more certain; cer-tain; and the savings of tho people will lift drawn naturallv and safelv Into the channels of trade. Under such a system of constructive construc-tive legislation, legitimate business freed from confusion, uncertainty and fruitless litigation, will develop normally nor-mally in response to the energy and enterprise of tho American business man. Patents. We pledge ourselves to the enact-raont enact-raont of a patent law which will make it Impossible for patents to be suppressed sup-pressed or Tisod against the public welfare. In tho interests of Injurious monopolies. Interstate Commerce. We pledge our party to secure to the interstate commerce commission the power to value the physical prop- J erty of railroads. In order that the ; power of the commission to protect . the people may not bo impaired or j destroyed we demand the abolition of i the commerce court. Currency. We believe there exists a need for prompt legislation for the improvement improve-ment of our national currency system. sys-tem. Wo believe the present method of issuing notes through private j agencies Is harmful and unscientific. The issue of currency is fundamentally fundament-ally a government function and tho system should have as basic principles prin-ciples soundness and elasticity Tho control should be lodged with the government and should be protected from domination or manipulation by Wall street or any special Interest. We are opposed to the so-called Aldrich currency bill because its provisions pro-visions would place our currency and credit system In private hands, not subject to public control. i Commercial Development. Tho time has come when the fed- ; eral goernment should co-operate with manufacturers and producers in ' extending our foreign commerce. To this ond wo demand adequate appropriations appro-priations by congress and the appointment appoint-ment of diplomats and consular officers offi-cers solely with a view to their spe- cial fitness and worth, and not in consideration of political expediency, j It is imperative to tho welfare of ( our people that vo enlarge and e- t tend our foreign commerco. We aro C pre-eminently fitted to do this be- cause, as a people, wo havo developed t high bklll In the art of manufacturing, t our business men aro strong execu- tlves, strong organizers. In every S way possible our federal government 5 should co-operato in this Important I matter. Any one who has had oppor- tunlly to study and observe first hand Germany's courso in this respect must I realize that their policy of co-opera- I tlon between government and buslneaa S has in comparatively few years made them a lending competitor for the commerce of the world. It should be remembered that they arc doing this on n national scale and with large units of business, while tho Democrats Demo-crats would have us believe that we should do It with small units of business, busi-ness, which would be controlled not by the national government but by forty-nine conflicting state sovereignties. sovereign-ties. Such a policy is utterly out of keeping with the progress of tho times and give6 our great commercial rl-vala rl-vala in Europe hungry for International Interna-tional marketB goiuen opportunities of which they are rapidly taking advantage ad-vantage The natural resources of the nation must be promptly developed and generously gen-erously used to supply the people s need, but we cannot safely allow them to bo wasted, exploited, monopolized or controlled against the goneral good. Wo heartily favor the policy of conservation con-servation and we pledge our party to protect tho national forests without hindering their legitimate "use for the benefit of all tho peoplo Agricultural lands in the national foroBts are and should remain open to the genuine Bottler Conservation will not retard legitimate development. The honest aottler must receive his patent promptly without hindrance, rules or delay. We believe that the remaining forests, for-ests, coal and oil lands, water power and other natural resources still in stato or national control (except ag rlcultural lands) are more likely to be wlBely conserved and utilized for ten. general welfare if held in the pub-He pub-He hands. In order that consumers and producers, managers and work-mon work-mon now and hereafter need not pay toll to private monopolies of power and raw material, wo demand that such resources nhall bo retained by tho state or nation and openod to immediate im-mediate use under laws which will encourage development and make to the people a modorate return for benefits ben-efits conferred. In particular we pledge our party to require reasonable compensation to the public for water power rights hereafter granted by tho public. We pledge legislation to lease tho public grazing lands under equlianie provisions provi-sions now pending which will Increase In-crease the production of food for the peoplo and thoroughly safoguard the rights of the natural homemaher Natural resources whose conservation Is nocessary for the natlonnl welfare should be owned or controlled by tho nation. Good Roads. Wc recognize the vital importance of good roads and we pledge our party to foster their extension in every proper pro-per way and we favor the early construction con-struction of national highways. We alBo favor tho extension of the rural free delivery service. Alaska. Tho coal and other natural resources re-sources of Alaska should be opened to development at once. They aro owned by the peoplo of tho UjiUed States and are safe from monopoly, waste or destruction only while so owned. Wc demand that they shall neither be sold nor given away except ex-cept under the homestead law. but while held in government ownership shall be opened to use promptly upon liberal terms requiring immediate development. de-velopment. Thus the benoflt of cheap fuel will accrue to the government of the United Uni-ted States and to the people of Alaska and the Pacific coast; the settlement of extensive agricultural lands will be hastened; tho extermination of the salmon will be prevented; and tho just and wise development of Alaskan resources will take tho place of private pri-vate extortion or monopoly We de mand also that extortion or monopoly in transportation shall be prevented by the prompt acquisition construction construc-tion or Improvement by the government govern-ment of such railroads, hurbor or other oth-er facilities for transportation as the welfaro of the people demand We promise the people of the territory ter-ritory of Alaska the same measuro of local self-government that was given to other American territories, and thai federal officials appointed there shall he qualified by previous bonafide residence res-idence in tho territory. Watorways. The rivers of the United Stales are the natural artories of this continent conti-nent Wo demand that thoy shall be opened to traffic as indespcnalble parts of a great natlon-wido system of transportation In which the Panama Pana-ma canal will be the central line, t-hus enabling the whole interior of the United Stales to share with the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards in the benefit dorhed from (ho canals. It 'b the national obligation to develop our rivers, and especially the Mississippi Mis-sissippi and Its tributaries, without delay, under a comprehensive genoral plan cohering each river system from its source to its mouth, designed to secure its highest usefulness for navigation, nav-igation, Irrigation domestic supply and the prevention of floods. We pledge our party to the Immediate Imme-diate preparation of such a plan which should be made and carried out in close and friendly co-operation between be-tween tho nation, tho states, and the cities affected Under such a plan, the destructive floods of tho Mississippi Missis-sippi and other streams which represent rep-resent a great and needless loss to the nation, would be controlled by forest conservation and water storage stor-age at the headwaters, and by levees below, land sufficient to support millions mil-lions of people would be reclaimed from the deserts and the swamps, water wa-ter power enough to transform the Industrial standings of whole states would be developed, adequate water terminals would be provided, transportation trans-portation by river would revive and the railroads would be compelled to co-operate as freely with tho boat lines as with each other Tho equipment, equip-ment, organization and experience acquired In constructing the Panama canal soon will be available for the lakes-to-the-sulf doonwaterway and other portions of this great work and should bo utilized by tho nation in co-operation with tho various states, at the lowest cost to tho people. I The Panama canal, built and paid (for by tho American people must be used for their benefit, Wc demand that the canal shall be so operated ns to break tho tiansportatlon monopoly mo-nopoly now hold and misused by the transcontinental railroads Ships owned or controlled by transcontinental transconti-nental railroads must not be allowed to use tho canal, and American ships shall pay no tolls. The Progressive party shall favor legislation having for its aim the development of friendship and commerco bctweon the United States and latin American nations. na-tions. Tariff. Wo belleYo in a protective tariff which shall equalize conditions of competition betweon the United States and foreign countries both for Iho farmer and the manufacturer and I I in nil 11 lii mm ' iiijywn i ww im 'tmrnnw, iijs which ehall maintain for labor an adequate ad-equate standard of living Primarily the benefit of any tariff should be disclosed in the pay envelope en-velope of the laborer. We declare that no industry deserves protection which Is unfair to labor or which Is operating in violation of federal law. Wo believe that the presumption is always in favor of the consuming public. We demand tariff revision because the proBont tariff is unjust to the people of the United States. Fair dealing toward the people requires an immediate downward revision of these schedules wherein duties are shown to be unjust or excessive. Wo pledge ourselves to the establishment estab-lishment of a non-partisan scientific tariff commission reporting both to tho president and to eithor branches of congress, which shall report first the cost of production, efficiency of labor, capitalization, industrial organization organi-zation and efficiency, and tho genoral competitive position" in the country and abroad of Industries seeking protection protec-tion from congress; second, aB to the revenue producing power of the tariff and Its relation to tho resources of government, and thirdly, as to the effect of the tariff on the prices, operations oper-ations of middlemon and on the purchasing pur-chasing power of the consumer. We believe that this commission should havo plenary powers to elicit Information and to prescribe a uniform uni-form systom of accounting for the great protected Industries. Tho work of the commission should not prevent the Immediate adoption of acts reducing reduc-ing the schedules generally recognized as excessive. We condemn the Payne-AIdrich bill as unjust to the peoplo. The Republican Repub-lican organization Is in the Jiands of those who have broken, and cannot again be trustod to keep tho promise of necessary downward revision. The Democratic party is "committed to the destruction of tho protective system through a tariff for rovenue only, a policy which would Inevitably produce widespread industrial and commercial disaster. We domand the imwodlato repeal of the Canadian reciprocity act. Inheritance and Ineome Tax. Wo believe In a graduated Inheritance Inherit-ance tax as a national means of equalizing equal-izing the obligation of holders of prop-1 erty to government and wo hereby V H , pledge our party to enact such a fed- rll eral law, as will tax large Inheritance, ifll returning to the states an equitable pll percentage of all amounts collected. Mil We favor the ratification of the pend- ll Ing amendments to the constitution H giving the government power to levy lH an income tax. M Peace and National Defense. M Tho Progressive party deplores the H survival in our civilization of the bar- M baric system of warfare among na- tions, with Its enormous waste of re- IH sources oven in time of peace and the consequent Impoverishment of the life l of the toiling masses. We pledge tho IH partr to use its best endeavors to sub- jH stitute judicial and other peaceful H means of settling international dif- IH fereuces. We favor an International agree- ll ment for the Hmltatioaof naval forces. 1 Pending such an agreement, and as IH tho best moans of preserving peace, jl we pledge ourselves to maintain for- jl Ihe present the policy of building two H battleships a year. H Treaty Rights. H Wo pledge our party to protect thf H rights of American citizenship at 1 home and abroad, No treaty should H receive the sanction of our govern- H ment which discriminates between jH American citizens because of birth- IH place, raco or religion, or that does IB not recognizo the absolute right of B expatriation. H The Immigrant. H Through tho establishment of In- JH dustrial standards we propose to bo- H euro to tho able-bodied immigrants jH and to his able native fellow workers j'l a larger share of American opportun- I M Wo denounco the fatal policy of in- j H difference and neglect which has left J H our enormous immigration papulation H to become the preys of chance and ' ,H cupidity. We favor governmental ac- lijH tlon to encourago the distribution of flH immigrants away from the congested til cities, to suporvise rigidly ail private fl agencies dealing with them and to -jH promote their assimilation, education Tl and advancement. 'Jl Pensions. illl Wc pledge our service to & vriae fH and just policy of pensioning -myj" 'lH can soldlerB, and the widows and ohil- jH dren bv the federal government, and jH we approvo thp policy of the soutiorn JH H states In granting pensions to the ex- H j confederate soldiers and sailors and H their -widows and children. H We condemn the violation of the H j cirll service law by the president, In- H eluding the correction and assessment H j of subordinate employes and the re- H fuaal to punish auch violations after HT I a finding of cuilty by his own com- H' ( mission, his distribution of patronage H among subservient congressmen, while H withholding It from those who refuse H ' support of ndmlnlstrntion mcmlersr H j his withdrawal of nomination from B j the scnato until political support for H himself was secured, and his appolnt- B ments to office to reword those who H voted for his reuomlnntlon. To oradl- H 1 catc those abuses we demand not only Hl ihc enforcement of the civil service H act In letter and spirit, but also legls- H I latlon which will bring under thecom- P petitivo system postmasters, collec- H tor?, marshals, and nil other non-po- H litical officers, as well as the onact- HH ment of a civil service law, and we H al?o insist upon continuous son-ice H I during good behavior and efficiency. H, Business Organization. H We pledgo our party to readjust- H ! ment of the business methods of thi H j national government and a proper co- 1 ' ordination of the federal bureaus M which will increase the economy and H efficiency of the government service, H prevent duplications and secure better H j results to the taxpayers for every dol- R lar exnended H . Supervision of Investment. H ( The people of the United States are H ' swindled out of many millions of dol- H lars every year through worthless in- M c-stments. The plain people, the fH , wage earners and the men and women H with small savings, havu no way of H knowing the merit of concerns send- H lng out highly colored prospectuses o- Hl fcrlng stock for sale, prospectuses H that make big returns seem certain H and fortunes easily within grasp. H We hold it to be the duty of the Hl , government to protect its people from I H ' I this kind of piracy. We therefore do- H t j reand wise, careful, thought-out legis- H ' latlon that will give us such covern- H I mental supervision over this matter j ns will furnish to the people of the H United States this much-needed pro- H tcctlon, and wo pledge ourselves B Conclusion. H On these principles and on the rec- H ognized desirability of uniting the pro- H gressive forces of the nation into an fl ' organization which shall unequivocally H represent the progressive spirit end H policy, we appeal for tho support of H all American citizens without regard H to previous political affiliations. H - - |