| Show TO litt f I 1 ring events W WILL ALAND ISLANDS BE COME A BALTIC FIUME harght in the swirl ft ef the minor tarres that dl di europe are the remote mote aland islands where swedes and flu pr s cashed in a manner BUZ bug cestive cf of OK the dispute between jugo slavs and the II 11 lans along the adri add aaa according to newspaper newe paper dia dis were than years the aland which are d like a cork in the wide mouth ot of the gulf of bochnia Both nia have been a sort of alsace lorraine question between the swedes 09 1 the russians nus after having passed tacit back and forth several times they vere finally ceded to russia la in 19 I 1 during raring the reign of nicholas I 1 they mere strongly fortified a move most distasteful tasteful iii to sweden seden because the islands occupy a strong strategic pol lion tion with respect to stockholm the swedish capital which la Is less than miles to the southwest from bo marsund inar mar aarsund sund the chief fortification of the islands these fortifications were short ib fixl in 1854 during the crimean mar a franco british fleet under sir charles a rl es apler and balagu iy ay hers ilert destroyed the work and after that time the islands were mere left un fortified in accordance with mith an inter matl nal agreement the aland group which Is I 1 separated from tho the swedish mainland by aland bay tny mand land ilaff and from 1 the finn bh mainland by skifter sound la Is compo composed qed of som manila islands annl nn 1 rocky rody I mets lets the ital area aren of which h I 1 not more than square miles the virgest inland aland a name sis big anif biding ing land of streams Is almost large as all the others combined having nn an siren of square miles abut twice the size of marthas cattle raising and fishing are the chief occupations of the awo piopio who live on the islamic ome cereals barley and oats are ai grown on the thin soil and there are a few coreta fOr letts of bab spruce prue anil anti fin I 1 adnish troops recently were reported marching through the streets of Marle himm this attractive little bathing report Is ta tie e chief town of t the alanda having a population of 1400 in times of pence a dally daily ste niner service Is between this art and abo ih the end and historically the most interesting vita in finland the voyage from abo to Mare humm taked about 10 bours it was in tle the water adjacent to the aland that pter peter the mavy ravy won ita its first important victory defeating taw saedee in 2717 only about 00 of f the WO islands are inhabited and the I 1 to om main are of swedish descent sweden desire to hold the islands arises n part from the fact that they control the entrance to the gulf of bochnia Both nia through which most of t that king kingdom doWs internal trade Is carried en on londonderry MAIDEN CITY OF IRELAND derry or londonderry in ulster known in n song and legend aa as tile the maiden city of inland ireland in land haa has tl the charm of the cheery busy town and la Is truly characterized bv the stirring marching song which aich these irish sing on their days ot of celebration where foyle his big gw swelling elling waters joliff 1 nort northward bard to the main nere queen of frins a daughters fair dearv filed her reign A holy ten pip pie crowned her and com merce her street A rampart wall mail was wait c cund ler thu river at her feet thep four lines briefly tell lon donder rys artory along the two no mile quays of te tye river irishmen jolly each other as faey load and unload the foreign co lintal and coasting trade 0 the doci ing ina vessels for the foyle 1 to wide and deep and large hips flying the flogs of france australia banzil the united state states and india ladin bring dreir hieb to her port busy looms in the city make linen ant 1 then laughing eyed ari irah h eriq arl make the linen into shirts before it leaves I 1 londonderry ondon derry tho the salmon 11 si pry ery on tl ti e royle 1 1 Im important portent and 1 lie be town has timber grain mills 4 in n I 1 shipyards ship i put 1 derr he api for tik th traveler st h rm attner ann than its burtle and up atmo atmosphere phere th tory story of a it i t rrlette with ro devotion I 1 irnel i r and the exhibition ft of h le e spirit colun i a the F aap t of tho the irish s stints after rat rot t art ard brigid in W joked on the cind clad hilia find boetel them lien his ahten indin os as dalre or columnas Col Colu nilas oil grove mn the klaf krailow lom of the grant fort a it r hi lit arit bill lit thac l 0 he e lor I 1 of T i une in order that F sanctuary might hae the prot krotec I 1 of the fort but in inin did hp he in on hl his 5 dance clances against the danes d sax ns who ho time and agnan led ed heir their boats boars agn agnan int in t 1 Is iti tans ort q dite their plundering and burnings burn inc of which be had made i gren anti maintained its rei i e UL att ctt t irla derry wal taen elyrn to the eor Po horation por atlon ration of lo 10 dm chidi tucked tacked on ou the prefix london three bear eur later the irl irth ah society to which londonderry nod and joich ja ich of the surrounding country had been given ghen pled ed itself to enclose derry within walls malls and these walls wide enough for or a coach and four our are excellently preserved today perliss to the inconvenience of the inhabitants but certainly in accordance with ith their and wishes I hes ary one who expressed a desire that they be taken down would be treated as 03 a traitor long ago they grew too small to encompass nil all the inhabitants of the hustling bustling port but they stand like a stiff belt around the waistline of the hill on which the city la Is built the mot inconvenient thing about them Is that though they are more than a mile in circumference there are only seven gates leading through them because the wall walls defended the city in the siege begun by jamee james XI II a busy man roust must make quite a jaunt out ot of his ills way to find a passageway through them but true to irish sentiment be he does it without a jurmu on one of the bastions of the v all an old gun affectionately known as roaring meg points her nose oer oger the city here too on the hill la in the center 0 of a crowded old graveyard stands the quaint squat cathedral with its queer DInna pinnacled cled tower it la Is called after st columba Coln mba Ith oLeh it la Is not on uw tle U w site of the old abbey built by the saint fourteen centuries ago on a high inaccessible bill hill in the distance looms the stronghold of the lords of tyrone it Is said that st patrick came to the fort to baptize owen who first set himself up to rule over oner the province of tyrone and st columba visited it before his exile here too cap he danes who mho had threatened the fence rence of the city were dragged in triumph though ever ener trace of the old cm tit has been obliterated the ams lve stone wall mail fourteen feet thick end eighteen eiRl iteen feet high resembling the ban dework 0 of a cyclone cy clon las Is stood out olt grimly the centuries A small iron gate hangs across a two no foot door way may tle only narn nt ronce to its bige hige amphitheater albe interior which reval reveal further devices d for the protection of the OLD LETTERS REVEAL LOST CHAPTER IN WORLD HISTORY lava last pre preserved sered the tile secrets of koman in tombs protected the records of ancient egypt s culture and und now there Is to pro 1 hect that some lie long neglected letters mav reveal one of the most faS cInt ing chapters in the historic trail of the jewish people anti incidentally show africa loomed larger in the middle ega than Inot modern leru historians aai have realized africa ahna s figured not at all au in wed leval blefary it still waa was a dark continent I 1 then stanley and livingstone penetrated it less than a cesi century tury ago yet yeti in view et of a remarkable documentary discovery made by charles de la Ron Iton clere of the national library to in it would seem jews of the fifteenth cm fury tury had trading costs n northwest africa sod carried on a vast con cons meree with the native from the bit tiara hara to the atlantic and from algeria to the niver antocia Ant erlis malfanti Mal fantt a genoese citizen oil this ard wrote hie his descriptive bettem let tere in IW from tini buatu and bouat timbuktu was the chicago of the west african plains end and bount the tile center of toe the CSIDA caravan traffic that exchanged the wheat and barley of egypt for the powdered cold gold of I and the pre clone clOtIs salt from retta Teh azza all the places visited by malfante Mal Hal tante fante were a s ivell well known to the jews of his big tinie time abat wen ere listed in a catalan atlady prepared thren three quarters arters ofa century iiller t for charles Cli aries V according to M Ron clere re but short iv after visit the jews were driven out of spain and since t tie ie tewa lems were the tile only ones in P drope who knew of the nigeria country and apparently permitted no christian to inter there except malfante the je jewish knowledge was as lost in europe not until dr gerhar Oer harl 1 began his explorations in algeria and morocco in 1 did the rest of the world again form a 11 contact with the extensive regions of Stal Mal fantes truffle landing at nt a point west of algiers malfante Mal worked ills way south to which believed himself to have been the first european Euro penn to vid it apt Nial malfante fante batni his first letter from there four cen earlier bount was a i 1 oasis containing from ZO to vIll villager alze which together formed a vast commercial center each had a afef traveler TraN elers I 1 became th the guests of th ahse e chiefs and mul mal fante report pl I 1 their protect protection inn mi su p parlor prior to that in states like and tunis one of gnp colvil 4 AU 4 now a decito td village M alse I 1 le people still the jewish epoch driler nr ller hn hal 1 tahe jew jems mho were maters ma of the tile and whose empire extrude I 1 south to the giniger wrote sheltered both lews and ato vo tiam medallA who ahel in harmony the native nathe negroes valued opper highly 1111 fant and 1140 it for nione nal 1 14 4 n it t a it mo lern vice finto corn con the tile people here do not want to transact any t ss if aby do not make a of per cent and business mas as on n big scale nt that liala a million head of cattle to in but one gitein were brought to market in the eara carnson tan reason I 1 on to malfante a host ne as the tile bretl VT ier of a it aul ai tala tain of desert atry a man of greit gre it wealth nl and I 1 to 0 ef ed of f trade info information mation ca TIE ng till of norih north af africa rl ca I 1 row ron hi lil n malfante learna of such flourish ing as famo famous u s for its it salt mines and unique for its lecture the hout were mere made of ock rock alt salt malfante notel that it n neer rained there or the hou houses would bae hane melted away GUNNING FOR profiteers PROFI AN ANCIENT PRACTICE in foods and bli hi h wage vinge demand by labor ar far from being ultra modern i emblems rob leins ancient egypt flogged its profiteer profiteers in the market marlet pieces places and medieval england passed maximum wage age la laws according to a communication by ralph A craves graves to 1 the he ashnal ath nal G aeo oeo graphic society maith says u following the de ded of the black death in lit uell in I 1 in 1348 1149 4 cultivation of the riella riells was mas utterly impossible and there were mere not even enough able bodied laborers to gather the crops which had matured cattle roamed through the corn com unmolested and the harvest rotted where it stood out of the situation which resulted from uie the impoverishment of the labor si of the kingdom crew grew the first gamt clash in england between capital and labor alie peasants became masters musters of the situation in some instance instances they demanded double m wages ages and whereas formerly landowners land owners had paid one twelfth of every quarter of wheat as ia the hari harvesting esting wage they were now forced to pay one elphe I 1 parliament hurr lelly lassca I 1 as pd drat tic las law a in an effort to mee meet the new nev con statutes pro aided that ciery man or woman bord bold or friable P in body and within we U nee of threescore bears ears not having bis big own whereof he lie rons 13 the 11 e nor land of his own about which lie may occupy him 8 self elf and not serving any other shall be e bound to sera the employer shall require him to do so provide ded that the lords ct of any tiny bondsman or land servant shall be creft preferred before others for hia his sen ker ice that s such ue h servants hall take only the wages mages which acri given in 1347 the year prior to the first appearance ol 01 the the first ordinance in his ills tory designed to curb the tile gr arted led of the middleman wae uns passed marly a earlier in 1258 2258 when lien there was as a it bountiful harvet but cestr destructive ul tive rains rain enu ed the heavy crops to rot in the fields but angland did not originate foot food ca control atrol measures men A low nile in 00 A D resulted in a famine the tho follow in ing itar it ar which swept sept awny away people in the vicinity of the city of 0 brustat G aw bar a mohammedan me dan joseph be ph tun founded ded a ne new city the cairo of lot toda a short from the stricken town and organ ize I 1 rel relief lef measures men ures tin cal caliph i ph mo lie izi izz lent every assist ance to his lieutenant lleo tenant sending many ships laden with grain but price of 01 brend bread still remained high and G being a food controller who had bud no DO patience with persuasive method methods or dered bis big soldiers to seize all the diners and grain dealers and flog them in the public market place the ad then established centra central grain depots and corn wai was sok gold throughout the two yeara years of the famine under the eyes of a government in MINSK AN INCUBATOR OF bolshevism one of the least interesting among russian clale in ita its physical ills aspects minsk has an economic history that helps in understanding how bolshevism spread so readily among the russian people the industrial history of minsk v where here the tile poles and the bol bolshevik B met to discuss peace terms Is especially significant in view of present conditions in russia it was one of the centera where ideas lung germi anted which blos blossomed domed forth so sud and denly into bolshevism under the hot house influences of war mar distress there in the early ni of the 1 ladt at centar cen tur it group of dilettantes formed a forking mans union later more accurately t tinned the union for Str struggle urgle promulgation of literature into the country 0 glinted in mccrit ma wbk a major activity of this group in mink minsk pew few workingmen bid be I ed to it in the course of five fire years yeam heso hese groups in moscow st petersburg burg and minsk had accumulated a er of followers few of whom agreed they give wide publicity to 0 tre e doctrines of marx mixed indis ly with every lety of 0 rad leall sin I 1 antl atle e and imported cd with such a 11 entity of alms little was and it was with mith the th inie sole of formulating a definite pro grain hit thit tto tic union for struggle an annl I 1 a committee of the tile jei jewish ii bund hell bell t belr natalle convention at minsk in arom that meeting aro arose the tile social democratic remo cratic NN forking mene wena cartr 1 Is built upon the aher nearly southwest bof 0 moscow by rail and hns has a population of fully half of whom ar jew jews it was the capital of ohp old ensslin gmt ament of minsk chich v aich i included some of the least fertile and it lot deelo pd regions of the fallen empire the annual fair held in march for the chief bent in the towns life ite its trace in corn com lumber and leather gained perceptibly it became aba intersection point of 0 the railway from |
