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Show .: 7'TM7tbUe.bc H' Tv.i.Whoiffon the ;tn,tfr.f. the. nloiifilri Grqv. f. .saidfj.-Wf' f'i-t'V H , Uon"thc t colonies Tctaimixl 'lomlrJin, ".-ttwcd Cilleii'Vl'ctlvq TOloofalgnintsrpmtbo: H v ,?i.tJ,08! .;HjoiJlssi8ariipl':)o,i' tfe Vbt;rond.: ") yifHiiization of aiiy 'KwVnjmcnt orthetBrbtf ' jM?c ;11ibolontC8 whoae chMiei5frdur4Hq iSoVr ' W j Hf xtendal ovcr nono ' pt. tli.ii'rtiwttptcilfjands' ' m-tsW'ltla;thalftngfl"of;to'' fnttnffiUori "'of .UarytandJn77M"liciIetce(ktcln Cbitf . tip. v,Hwt n coijrjtry'tihscttlcu ht tlic.M&miiiciH- MCAtJofhM ? war?? cIn1ni'::l)JrjCklio-:-BltIl if wrif teir ifroni! iho comrnori; encwyjf.thtf , WM5y:.ayl tUo Jits. tfuc bf ccdlpg tlteid iM land ttm CtMiMdmtlon; td.tie UiijglwrwJKxi- Ixcihttjtofttep. !icu,)i1oii tvpryivlifre iu ionfroVthtirjiha rfrrtovc-iUuiiijiilrciijftlninff ; iijf' C6jificrolMi.,IecIiired5; 6y ticsJutiotfi. on H si'ff hat tlt(?,ttnappToprwted Ianas.yUtc1vsTnay. B ami. 6e:etttTiiiV for m(St;Hrta?ili iaemtrent f Mio Fp4ertUoIuni iat havo' tle . mtt.righ(i;oravftnfU'm2-niiil Iride? ' B iw-A (imtUUieni qt thaU hcraiflcf fo'ayfctotiljttte v 0tfriec.tJcut6onth.Cat6JinalfatHiCat6l Vt.iiiwl Ocotgti,- ccdcdl tHcIr claims,1' ihUiidlngtHto -,SindjarisditlIoi:;ttfl!b.wrt6td"ldrid8r' they recalled, "6iU!d,Q?ofc theirespecHv'o State ?,Ii'miUall ot them, except (leon;lar findv.North, H ,PBr6jlna,wlilioApyj.:ipdtt?bn3 anneie'Cib .jtbtfr rwpceUirirgraijt, avS ilio?o"co)ita!nSd In .thft-KHoiniidri;' jof Congress" Just Wetted" to. . K -,ni6ieratldn inftlio'granUvtof ttteorgla nl B $SojtU;.dwblIna ?TYcrb,noR however,' os to the fotur dlspmttibn of the JamU, hut ii conillti&n ..JJiitSIaveryWduldnbtljo prohldjled therein B ".bCoriKre8s,ThVtterritijry tliiii (nditfonolly-B (nditfonolly-B J tdic6ntftJril.wHh!nr the. States of -IV'n-M "ineec,MlarfJpplhnd1'AJtfttia. iWth Uia B f ??Pl,lQ? rt1 grantJbf KotthJ -Carolina, and B fiyi thoreseryatioii-cv&i.iH tJibso fe- wlnjf'only tS the form of" theif fututc gbvem "jaent) the jmWic Ifti&ta claimed 1y tho'ce Jonlea" f f:lo,or!;tUcsrerolution vcrbceded to B Wil,09qrbm'nt.toil)b settled ad dig- 1n,50 :VMKo thf , Qorernrnenii has ac-I ac-I . fiFZ& hftndwd - miHlori1 news I S f; PW'onds; of hVhldWthere I S?TJindtwri living: I fii a.n-dfy.Pfi;thoukhil Six Jmftdred ;and I ""lesiUhU.. povbyib, a teS?"i"ftS betwe'eVtta'up'tlie; ffi11?e?t,lF.-'0ofo;of the genato to 1Ltt5ko nP thCWUYorth'tf purchase ,;nbo, but one Democrat voted for tlihorie ' - nafe; ttnd,every.onold the: ? tl3- QfaU theKepreaentatiyea bf Iho rll'yWweJaih-Bilfttt.votjrfbt llea to .this meiuqre hy 4tr votc Irt Cbngte hfipt resolve in ginto. Oonyetitiohii.iftnd iy,it ,devotidrit6 lh,6reaii.tentml ideii of If xhr tu6c--I. xJithti? And fhterissl of fre? hfo'K. Bwtyirt .thU scsMori. 1. ihlTbdnecd n Ml, Wi : nov awnlU jthe" action of tho House, .prdvJdin that any pcr&rcwh6 w 2i ytors ' br rjbrld( br.h'o i tlrt licad.of n'.frtmtfyTiiay jtnr lCOaejtWofariyllmdjrnhjcet' to preewji? tiohv upon which I19 may. itavo a pree&ptioa cLtlrti, Binl by eiiUivatliiB tlif katni fat five yeurVttiatl bftcblKlcit ir 'imtcnf JTrom tl( Oovetnruenl, on the paybfieiife of the ti8ifaU,feii 6 tjlio land bicc, nnd ten doliary to covert tho cost of UTvcytnh(tinahiiginfT. ; ,1 '"ij-' -s f;'fho land ppiicyvai now cohUuctrd; jictraiis Urn rrcsidcntj' in hi8discretio'rtf io sxmt to pWiclef by procliirftt)onVnny orflil.or this pnhli iand:nftef 1lb tarda nre iroycd Evcrt'p'ewon iettled.'ijn.thb lands so advertiised for vlc, iDst,teror$,thaday flx&Ufi; thq-pro'. iJairiatI6n"bf,th&rreiilent;.tay for ''hi Jaud or they.ivro MabW .to hesblq to nnyidder wbo offertf $i,25j, ot 'marotper-iarD,--During ;ihts Mays ofeal fixcd by tho, rreitdcrit, any ronir nn purclase it 15 pet acfaS many, acres i qf lamlf hqt '-heforo pTecmptcd, li-deglrea,-Sclectibg: h3 own. locatforii '?.The lands that ro-,tnWn ro-,tnWn Unabldatthotispirortort'oCithCtlay of stto fixed by'itho'Tratderiti are subject Jto,' ptU, Vote'entryjthat U; ahy'persori iwi enter jittho laridoiBe0ariy;or'ttirof th6fanda that'wra-at,' thatiitu1!'1" ncrov.'ifi'tho samoHvb not bccnoffcVed Jfor salbmbrov.thau :t?yeargf fot-lbnge'rpcribdJ'then'atH less pricVacfaMlbStb theicigtli.bf tiro,o (li'oy rriay. lavo bew,laWo! niarkttcATh'ufi. tariderthe1 'cj;iatfng' polity, thereVtorib ' testrain on; land rnbnoply',' ?Thd Itbths'chndBaKiigorariy .ot ft er of the rbrldVrnilHon'airea,: ih&y 3 becordo tb'o bflc of liuibld acres! of ouriubUo;,ao Iriiain,' to" bif resold to the c'ltter.'jbf ip" bbJ;held ,as aa fi)rcstjncutYorutTb'pctiMlaUon.' J.r; v Congre6;"as'thb,t;"rnteb 6f thwhofe people1, Til -yeistfd, 'vy thb'cbmlttson "of.tlid.vgfahtft iftoih .tlt'b'fateSund JthconHfiii6n. It6r;lf;;wlifi tho'.sblb tiseretlbriaTyfrrKcf.:pfjrdUr tliese)ttndsv"But,in theeyercTiebfiaXsuiul dtetidriitl)icimesJt8?dty,Jo, dipb"8o :b them An -trj6-WaV: that.? will' Best.; proioote the greathets andgiory of ilie- ItopUhllciiSAhd how ; cAui'tljatbo ftccorripjishetlsb vell as by apoHey tliat wlilffeciitQ titeitt iu' llmitwl,; uaritlUe's as. Ltoftiio"aciual(?jilttyiitbrV afc tiiojl easf'pBsjtle' cdsti' nhd tlius precntithVvilof n systeiit :of land 'mbnopblyrioi. the " direst deadliest cat.thot::eycr;jMTalyed tbd-iencrgics-of a' nation, or palsieU tboai-m, iiidbatry? ' Jt needs nb rjengihy, dlasptta'tion: ivi po'rtray.5 Its" "mUy Us hlsfbry iti tlfo OhnVorfd is writtett jrisixhs arjd'tcara; -tfrider -its iriilbcriiA ?you ibcholditliero-theprptidesV'.and Probst; splondid, nvlstocriiviea side.byiido witU tliQJiiost abject arid Ueliaiwljpeoiplef 'vast manors',, hemirjed "Id by licdgcias Vporiinggrbijrid for.tlibfioUilJty, While men, iito'dyiiij hesido thbllnelaiurd fat the want!of land to tilt. Under Jta , blighting jUQueUfo ybu, bplioht. Industry rt. ,ragst and patiehee'la "'despair; ''SuclVjavosombofitho fruit bf larid moriopoly.in. the OldVorlUj-'aud iliall Ve rirnlttlftj Vei!d tovotaio" tatthei 1vtrKlti'sbU'ofiho;Nowr GnrprcsentytemIl9'. auljcct to like-evils, hoi so great in lnaguitud pcmaps butsiinllariiri fcndp.yT Of'the15$8,8O8,323'Acrc0f landt'disposedicf by. tho Gbvcnrnieiit; foScptcinbcf'-S0f"1859)-14Tit)88,273 acVes. Vrc'rMold fdrcaVh) nodSIl; -777,052ai;rtaeroiIoftated ItiS giAntsio.iridi viduarsrcbrpbrationsi and Statcsjjy-? 4'i1eQovcrnmeiit htulreeelvid froni the5ali)Sbf tho 'publ ic laads'as;" iippears. froiri? the'.Tepptt of tlit(dinrMtd&'erbftbaTdOiBotiJun'80f ie53;14l3r47tiwhiehad.d338,330-lG0fl0,. received sln.coTJhatJtimtr.'wb'ijid m akethb'gr'bss ainbiitil rtcci veil f rora'tbo.f landst tiil'fle'ptembor "SO; 1853l80,C19;qSS;,ll9tldlbUhbeTitIrb cflstjncluding purchasoitaoney, cxtinguishini; ofJnUlaiitUlofsurvVytbgraUHsniiuiagin beenJortliOjsarno , peiiodf $0Ij99 1,01,3 ', , leav ibg"anct.r'cvchuo.Ut tho Ooverh'raentj'brer arid nboyc'tiH cst-oCS83;e625 OOJ'jrtth "16or OTO.Wl'acres'survcycd." but! unsold,. of which 80,000,000 acres are sttbjecMo puvatbcnlry5 ,. , Ql, tho ,147,088,273 acres sol4 by tbo:abyfrn-IricntJ tbo:abyfrn-IricntJ fibtTnbro tlnwi one bdlf of It; probably wai'bbuglit at Obveih'ment irates'by tho actual -cultivator; thootlieir half; I assnmo, cbst tl cnltivator, on uni average, at least $1 jjertcre: :ovor.thb:Oorcrnmentpricb. , .Soho would payi. pnTSiSWjlSlJaercsrrjclng1 one-half thb quantity quanti-ty sold by tlicGbvernments $$lf 70,011." On, the 241,770,02 rfctwPdbnated to'" individuals, companTe8,''and.SiatSs, Including; oyer 70,' OOO.uOp acres for school purposes, and over-t0.00O,600;acr"ei'br over-t0.00O,600;acr"ei'br ra1froadsnd fntcrnal im-proycnjVnta,.! im-proycnjVnta,.! assume tiiat tile 'cultivator must-pay must-pay orf;a(.RVb"ragbforthcsa lands- at least $5 pcracrbmoklngriho; suin of SJi208,850,5iaOt Theiwtual,uUi.vatbr, then, Will li'avts. to jiay tbHlie Uovcrnraeh'fe SniT to the jjpeculator for these lands, ifiho foregoing estimate of prices bo: correcti rit least5l,C83t08C,442,-00tof which $88.C25,025l90"ha8dieen paldf-ih ilet'trevenuc, iutb the, Treasury fthb United Stajc-thti vbalaficb ta to absorbed by tUc-'spbcul.atbK !Tlio Government, by Its existing land policy, lias thuscauaed to be alts'tractecl front tho'carn-IngsoflU tho'carn-IngsoflU hardy pioneers Talnibsti$rs700,000, OCQrfor;thb were privilege "bf scnfoyingonoV.bf aod!s.liouritlea-5f b robn.'-;niisjrargo aniount has: been abstriwted.fron the sons pf toll withj butrendoUng"ahyqiivaIent 'save 'a perjult .from Oio State fd riccupyji wilderness; towhlcu now aday "or hour' 6t inah's labor had "bech applied to changs It fr6m,tlieconaitio in. which tho God of Nature niadb It; Why shbuld.ao. veirnmen ts,sehb1'bpon any' of the1 bounties' of God to man;' and make thfm a" source of; rbv enue? , AVJdlo tho earth vas created for tlic wh'olehuroah.family.and ,waVnado'it ablditig place througli tliepllgrimagb of thid life, and since thb Iwurof, thepVImal curse; "M tho Sweat of tby.face'shatt th6u catybfead," man lias'.been-fofcwt to the VuUlvattoa bf.thesbil to obtaiiv'isubsistenco ;for himself, and the means pf promoting ; the, welfare of the" raec.wby should governmcnts,wrei;frbm Jdm:thd; right to apply bis labor' to sncli. unoccupled-'pbrtloit fJthe earth's BUrrscfe'as jnay te necessary for, his support ontit-hB.Jias cbiitnbuted i the.rcvr cbucs of tho.stalci any rnow-tlian to peplt biro to breathe the air, enjoy'tho sunlight, or( huaff front therlllswd rivers of tho.eartht" It, would lib Just ftsrightfoU'wereltpoMiblolo be done, to survey tho atmosphere off into quartet sections, . and transfer.' it by rrcbmen,tltlcsj divide the sun intoiuftntuniof raySj.and, dole' It outlta groping mortals at i prfcetorarclt 6veV the waters of the carth'lhto vast rcscr voirs, and sell it ta dyrog-mbri. Iittho lin "giiage f remark herlafore.madeen,tltsub'j jeet: why has tbts.claim of .rniin to monopoliso any-df'the ftlfte bf Gbd io'TUaa bccrt cxn0ricd,' by legal codes, tb'th'e soil alone?' J& there'.any ; athor reawn. than tbsiwhlelr.'havlngiU origin i In feudal timrsunder,ystem.that regarded man as an appondagcof the soil that he tilled, and whose life, liberty, and happiness were but incana of Increasing" thbpleasuresY pmncririg the' passions and appotltesof hl llege lord-1-and, having enMtoiind b- place in ,the lQlt, J Ithas Wert,, retained ' the revcrojee wWclS man I wont to pay to the pa and. tb tla honoretl. precoilcntsl' The iMonan Jmlad to b ,tBtUutcd that It fa prbnb Jo jeganl as right what has coWe, dawn us wpproved by long SWi'W hallowed bjf gray agc It Is VcMm that had lU origfq ;wUhthttlsUjdreiriik tht royal blood flowoniy iir ihbrvelris of btiexclu sive:.fewj whose souls are feorb ethereal;' be. cause, bbrtfamld tW glitter of. court, and i-ra. tiled amidthe pomp of lords' bnd coartiets; atei, therefore; .they,aro to bo tnatled as rulers anil w-gTycv of thb.rac;Mot ef . the evils that itffliet, society .have: had their origin i violence and wrong enacted into law by the'Cipedcnce of ; tho posi, ndi retained, by tlioprciodlees.of thenYcsentw"'',''--'";' r 3'i' ' ' IsU hot t jnie you swept from the staf utobook ltUlMlngcrinc relics of feudalism? Molted "but the .Wiriciples? engrafted, upoh it by the tiarrowiulniled policy of other Umc, and adapted adapt-ed the' legisiatioa of the country to the Bplrit of thange,an;d tothe trueldcasof man's tlght.9 und relatlons to Ma Government? . ,r :, ; , " , ... IVat if :, mart hasra Hght ori carili, lie has a right to.land enoigh! to. rear a. haWtation.on. If liblias a tlaht to livcj he has. a. tight to the ffrcoiusb of .wlisitcTtr .-riatnirb.. has;, provided for hi ustehancc-afr.tb breathb, water to drink, ! aod.Ian4 enough to culti vate for hia sabslatcncc; ; for these are thb 'necessary.and , Indispensable meahs;for;thcinjoymentcof 1 his Unalienable rlghtaof V'llfe. Ubertyi and the pursuit-of hapi ,pinesir," Andriilt- for .'atGovehiment ,that claims to dtwensee qunl 'and exact ; justice 1 to all, classes of men,' and that has laid down cbr-.rect cbr-.rect principles, in , i ts rcat chart j of j human right, to violate tliofw princlplft; and its aolemri declarations ta Its Icgtstatiro ehacimchts'S?vf .' ;; The striigglo between caplml and talwr foar) .ubequat bno;i.ftt,wtAU ta a struggle between the!ftbnea'andiih"cw8",bf rmeft",ahd dollars And ! ccntsUrid I'n that struggle, is it for this Gbv.' .ernmcnt ;tb7s'retcli . forth lt arm to aid thi strong agalnstthb;v'cakf .-"Shall it t-ontlntie,' by' itf lcgiilationKtbetbvate and cn'rieuHdleriess ori (the wall and the woofIndustry? CKp-; fy-Va( if the rute'lhs correct as applledtb Gbvii emmenfs as well as (ndtvlduabi, that .whatever a ierson permits .another,, to-do,- having tho Tight'and means, fri prevpnt-it; he'dbes'hlmsclf,. then indeed isth'e Oovcrnratnt-mponsiblq for nil the evils that may;rcsult,;from" specutatlbn and." land monopoly ''irtfyour!? rnblio: domain. For It isnotdenlcd tliiit Congress has the power to" make,a'ny;resulatiort9Vfor:theidl8posal' of these' laiidj not injurious toihVgehcral wetfar KowJ ia'rift"new;jtraet Is, survey pd'atid (you bperi .youeflind-OmebfAhd expoe;ifcto, isaW the man ; with the; most money Is tho'largoiit puichascr, Thb most desirable , and uvaiiable IbcattbnsjBre scwcd'tipon by 5 the capitalists of the pbuntry, who seek that kind of investment.v yburBCttler whdchanccsnattohaVoapre.cmp-tlon whdchanccsnattohaVoapre.cmp-tlon right, br to be thereat be timeofiBalc, .when, he comes to seek n .home for himself and his fainlly;: tnuJt pay the speculator - threb.br four hundred per. cent"on ;hls InvcatmcntVor encbunter the trials and:, liardshrps of - sUU more remoto Vionler lltov And thna; nilr the Operation ot Jaw that you call equal and lu4t, yon take from the settler three or "four dollars per aciCj jinUjput it hi th(i" pocket of tho specti7 iator-tlirjs by sther biwatiohriifi ,your law abstracting- sb moeh 'of - his haru fcatnibgS' for the.'bc'nelit of cnplj.afs'fbrnbl un hoiir'a labor1 has been Jipplled tothe.clan'delnee.it was aold by thaGovcrnmentirnorlsJtorbvaJitabletq tho s'etller; Ilas'jnotthw labbrerrarlBht tq cbmplainof legislatibaithatf cempeliddia to enduregfeater tolls and hard? hips, Or contribute a portion or hls'carnlngrtfbrrho behefitpf . the .capitalist? BttVptdponthe'capitaIist or ,1Kb ;spocuUitbcf,is Il'propbrthat'tird-blamoshould fidl; fllaii mutt sfok a 'llrclih6od,;aii(l do bujli new under thb laivs bf - tho country; and whit-brcr.rightahemay whit-brcr.rightahemay acquira. Under .tiie laws' though; ihcy may bo,wrbng;Vet tlo jrell-belng of' seclety requires that "thcyj.be respected add faithfully observed,'" If-Alpewbn ngg'e-in'a ; business iegallxed aridjTcgulatcd., by the JaWs; and iisca no fraud or deception in ft pursuit, ; and evils result to the .community, let lliero apply the remedy tbjthe prbpersourccf that is, to tho law-making power., 'llio' laws and tho j law-makers are responsible for whatever evils deceisarily grow out of,their enactment ; In'ordcr to secure to Jabor its eartdugs, so far aJ Im possible, by legislative action, and 10 strengthen the elements of national greatness and, power, why should not the legislation of the country bb to changed a tbprevenfefor th, future the evils of land monopoly, by scUlnjf api't the vast nnd unoccupied territories of the iJnlon, and coriseCMtlng tiiem forever in free homes for free men?. Mr.ilAr.vaar May Jt ha allowed to ak my friend from rennBylvanla a question! 'Mr; Gabw Certainly. Hr. MatAUD It is this! whether ho is Iq. favor, or.otberwise; of allowing tho.old abldiof or his assignee to locate his , land-warrant on tho public domain " .MrfGbwI always answer qubstjons that arc pertinent tc-Cthe point under dlscusslbn, nof otherwise, r am"ubt, BreJtinBty question aboiitland-wanants.but abojit the proper dis positton;to hpOTado ef ithe public landii I do. not. see'-tli'e" applicability of 'the grntlemiin's question; and mueVtliereforc pass It by,.as l (Jo not wigh to bo diverted from, my argument..; JlrMAVirARDTtiogeuUeman is jnlatakcn about the object of my question. ri " Mr. GabyrI -would provide In our. land policy ot Securing homesteads for actual set-; Ucrsi and whatever 'bounties tho Government should grant to the old soldiers, I ;would have made in money and not In laddwarrants.whiclt are bbuglit In most cases by the specnlafor; asr ah easlerand cheaper inodo "of acquiring the public lands, go, tlieyijhlyiacllitat Isndtne- ppolyi'Jhbihen whofjoortb nt'.tho call &t their country to uphold 1U standard and vindicate vindi-cate Its honor, are dosmlngH Is true, of 1 mbresubshutat revard than tears to the dead and thanka'to'thbHvIngj.but'tireroare soldiers of peace as well as of war, and though bo wav Ingplumeocckons them on to glb'rjr.br to death, their dying scenb Is oft a crimson one. Thfcy "fall leidihg the'vn'n of civilliatlon ,albnjf tan-trodden tan-trodden patht,unduro buried In the duit- bf its advancing columns. monument marks .the sceoo of deadly atrlfe; no atono thilr Tcstr 1 Ug place;" the' wind," sighing' through, the branches bf the orest alone sigh' th'elrrequiem. Yet they.are tho meritorious wfcit of the Ue public, j Tho achlevemente of your pioneer army, from tho day iUof first Jrovo back-hb Indian tribes from the Atlantic seaboard to thq present hour, have 'been the itchlevemenls of scIenceAiid civilization over the elements, thb .wilderness, and the savage. r Jf rawards .o? bounties ore to ba granted for true heroism in the progress bf the rscb, none la more deserving than the pioneer who jexpeis the savage and the wild' beast, and opens in the wilderness a home for science and a pathway path-way foir .civilization. . ' 'Pcaco hath bet victories Ko leja renowned than war.'' ....vjvr-.vM;n "'.:j..lt:J.. The path of .ryr nft, Ibbgct lead oyct smoking townaddimwmelfieldshufcnloriB . hehine8;iwd liyiways, bf .human, mtry audi WHf;; where tho kmc flrr siucwd of mch mi trtrraHBg;wllb'the elements,, with thtf unre-, tMtiiaa; otwtorlcs of nturof7ind the jio ca unV mcrcMl oWtactes of n falso clyillratloh. Tlio noblest achievements in, this .world's niigrlm-ie,ls, niigrlm-ie,ls, to rale the f dlcn from 'their dcgrad.i-tlbni.sooilie dcgrad.i-tlbni.sooilie the brokcti-hcnrtcii diy the tears of woe, and alleviate tho Sufltrings of thei un-fbrtunatQ un-fbrtunatQ in thcit; pathway tb,th'e tomb,, "-: aoiyBntbi the raging, ec; be (Ul; -" Bid the wild.; lawlea. winds ohey tliy wilier S - Frcoch o the storm.and feafwn with desmdrj Mt, tell not wt'irr8bnthat life !; falr .i. - -If you wquli ieail the rrl'tig bii-frbm'tfib paths bf vice and crime, to virtue aBd 'hbndr,-give 'hbndr,-give him homs-give him' a hearihstone and ho wrtl (Hirround it With houfiehold gbdrfi If you, would. make nien,: wiser nrid bett er, ti1 He vo your almshouses, 'closbthb; dbbrtf bf your penltentiafles; and break in, pieces .ybuVvgal-. Iows, purlfy the influences ot the domestic (lrei 1ae;;,fqr.that Is the. sehobt .lif 'whlclv hnroad Character Is formed, Jmdjthcre its dcstttiy-ls shaped there the sou 1 rccelvfglts nrst frnpres's, Odd tg&n Ms first lesson, nnd they go with him for weal' or woe throuah .llfew it For"bntlfvf riir the sentiments, .cloyatlng thb thought,, add developing tho noblest impulses. bf mah.'s nd Jure, thb.lafiuericcs bf.rtntrat ;llrcsidd;iind. bri agricultural life are thb noblest and i thdlicst;- In thoiobscttrJlyVbf. the,tagefa.rembvt from the seductivo iafluehecs of rank and aflluS ence, nro hnurluhed tho vlrtuesthat counteract tho decay of human Institution the courage that, defends thbhatlouat jhdcpcndcnco.and' tholndustty tbat.siipportS'all Iclassesibf ; the StatevVte.: ,'Itwas M4.bM3atliam,lrfiWii nppcnf itoithesllquse.of Cbmrabna; lrt'j77li,;towitli:; drawf hb llritisli, trwpe'.frbni1 JVton that 'traTleV;Indcedi increases' iheldryand wealth of, coontry;:but;iU true" strength tidd stamina are to be,looM (or 'ltd tlib;dtlvatot8 otthb' land."1 In tho, simplicity bf thcfflivcs Is fotfnd .the'slmplcne- ofvlrtue tlib Integrity -and conrage bf recdonj;. llicsctrofegenuine Ibhs rot the soil AreJdvlifciM&iS- : ; fX, 4" -. Tlio history of American prbwc'shW recflrd ; ed these words as prophet le.; Marr; iu defcnso of .hU;.bearth8tooe,and-flr&!dc'ij8 luvlniciblo" against world "of mercc'narIf8.?X!B';.vf?&-":s .iAjtbtiusftdoptHhc- policy diefislicljy ilack-' son, and lndlcatetl,.Jnihl' nnnuut.tacisage to : Congress. In 1832lri,whlcli he byst-j'Vpyj; yjfUt feannot bo "doubted thai the speedy settle; ment 'pf these land cbnit I tutes t lie true fntb' roat qfthe-ItcpUblie, illm wealth! end 'th'tf Strength pC a cbuntry'darBltSj populatiouivaiid ; tho best part of the population are the.eultlvav torsVbf 5the?soil.: .A independent' tarmcra' arb every where the basis of society, and true Mends evbr to all partial and, Interested, legislation oh" this 'subject; nnd tb afford', to every American : clttzeit 61 enterprise tho opportuntty of eecur-: n an Independent freehold, It ccms to tnc: ttactctor iattit to aia me. irl-vawr future revenue out of.lhe nubile landsJ'r ; ?.: , -Tlds advice, bygone Of tho country's doblest patriots, vthough j unheeded lot" :thb ; time. ;i a .among ,thb Jchest 'legacies he lias bequeathed to his couritry; fe'iS-fii'" V ; 'jf-'-' r Wliy should the Government, hold Ihepublib domain; ! ongor as aaburcc;rf revenue, when It lias already more : than paid ! alia costftntid exi pensea Incurred in its acquisition and mnnagq-i mentf ,Eveh?lf 'thefGaverntnen had B'righti based .In, tho :datiirebf ' things.: thus! to hold th,f Be lands, itwbuld .lb adverse to a sbiihd h'ii lonalpbI!cy to.'do sb;'"ior'ihe.rcal."wearth of a "eouhtrycodslatarnbt "in 4 the' sums bf;'money paid lntothe:treasury,.but'ld Its Hocksriiehlsv nndcuUiratcdflcldsNotldoesilts- real Btrength consist iri llects mid armies, but in thb bonces arid Mnews ofan' Independent yeomanry; aiidthc4 comfort) of its laboring classes;'5 Its real glory conslsts.nbt In the? splendid palace, lofty splrb,-br; tbwerinjr-'domoj; but In the in-tclllgcnce. in-tclllgcnce. comfort, and.happinesa of Uie fire sjdqof Itstltcns.' " ' " ' ,JE,:" WhayconstitutcaaiVtatc? Nothlgh;mleiibattIemcntoflalx)reilmbnnd, Thick wall of mbated gate; . ' Not cities proud,- with spires and turrets crowned. s ,. ilbt'bays and broad armeil ports. Where, laughing at the storm, rich, nav.es rldo u. jNot starred and spangled courts, Vhbre 'low-brriwcd baseness wsifs perfumes, ta pride. "Noi, mcn.'lilgh-minded men.-, men.-, j?, .0 e o o e Men, wlio their duties know, Cut know' thclr, rights, oud kno wing,. dare maihtaln;'J'? " " . .Frcventtho Jong-aimed blow; Add1 crush1 the tyrant" whilb they rend, the !"t'-chatn;-J'''";K! "' '' " 4 .nics'e constitute a tnlc." v ATT prosperity of States 'dcperidsnot on the mass :of. wealth, but- its. distribution. - That country is greatest und most glorious in which there la tlie greatest number bf happy firesides' Andif jrou wonld mako thc. flrcsldb happy, raise tho fallen frouilthclr degradation. elevate theservile from their groveling pursuits to the rights and dlgnlty of. men, you niijsf llrst place withlriMbeirircachthC' -mcana'fbr"'supplyiug tbelr pressing physical want,1 so that' religion can exorts 11 intlucnco on the soul, and sootho thb weary pilgrim in hls pathway tojthe tomti, JVhat justice can there be in the icglslation sbf ,country;by. whSbh?tho camlngspf Ttslabor areaUtractedfor nny.purjsb Without' returning return-ing aiVequlvalentf But ns a'questioabfrovc"! nne merely. It 'would bb td'thq advantage of the Government to grant these lands In homesteads home-steads to actual cultivators, if thereby It wag to lnduce tho setllemtnt "of the wildcrnrss, In stead pf selling them to tho speculator without settIemodt-T1ie.Itevcdije'to the Government fromr..tho.. lands; Jf considered annual, la -the interest on the purciiruo money; . which would ,bbid aquartcr.' scctlbii, .at onb .dollar and twehty-Ovc bents peracte, tho 'iutcrest'bn two hundred, dollars, cqial, 'ht is! per cent, to twclvcvdbllarsper year. Bathos , the , revenue of the General Oovern-raent Oovern-raent (with thb exception of thb sales of jibe lands) Is derived almost wholly from dutle"Od imported. articles consumed In. the country; tuQ.ttmourtt 'boIlec(cd,,depends upon the quantity quan-tity consumed. On an aTorago each Individual consumes of imported articles about $11 worth per ycar"and, 'calling "seven the overage uumbvr of a' family, then each, family consumes con-sumes annually" $75 worth' of imported articles, upon which a duty of not lew ikon $2a'ws.pnidi' fio tho GovcrDincntVould be thb gainer of $8per;ycarbn,tch quarter section, b giving It away to a pettier in preference to celling it Without settlement. . In addition, as you cheapen the nccbssaiies and comforts of life, or increase man's means to pay for them, youiri- bfcase their cbnsamption,ahii .In the same .yrpotttori , xymt incivtob the'triX tfiw for, imports, you. Incti-rwe the consumption iff home prodWeta;and inodsfturcs; so thatthe 8ettlemnt of the WHderneta by a, hrivloa i PuIWiorc k j mud . thb interest mSPm Sfie1Ti Pf,tU?i,?'-; amount, now" received re-ceived M the Gbvcrnmentf the settler . fot "if, ".'Vrwould enable hliri ta fitrbiKh hlmsell With, the necessary ,tbcV and implements' to coniracncoliscuUlvntibn,; ', v ;. for thepurposei OfMutiodbulIdipgraft roadsopenlngall th ovehnesof trade, wrd o subdutnjifitho. wllderries.tlie best dUpositibb -to jbc imodoof these t landf J to r4nt:,them.lB .'iwlteduantUiett U the seltlen;"and:thu so-eurb so-eurb him Jo bis earnings, byldcli' he Woirtd haye the mcans-to Burround himself i(lt com. fort.nnd makolils (ircilile happy; to erect tht scliooI.house,.tha church, arid all the 'ot'hei brnamcnf oft a higher ivilliaiiga,td,ear hl8 chiiilrcn educated and respected" members of sH-iety,- This lrtoHcy . will Wot brrly aiM tb tholreyenuca of the; GeneraLGovrerdcdt and the taxable propcttyaf.theiicwtafes, hut will lucrcasb tlm productive JbdusUyand commerce of tho Whole.countrjv while 8tr6ngthdff.All thb elements of national creatness, . ?t - , lte first, slcp .iri tSedccilne of empires is the ricglectol; their-agricultural lntcre8t,5"Hd W'M..518 decay crumbles national power, IMs the grcat; fuct: sfampedra allrthe, rnln8fftEat strew the pathway).ef ciliwUori;nWheB the wokld,;,Unwtlttetthlsfory; shall .be. correctly declphercd-thft jeord orithelse,;'prbgrc8V and;,fall;femplrea, will bb hut tho history of the, rise; development, and dcclfne.bf bgr euU ture, ullooke, iri jdcacriblnV. thb, condition bf agriculture among the Rotnari more than two thonsand,;yit ago; the process of absorption of the lands by:thetticlv'and thciir; cdnscqoent cultivation by slaves furnishes the student of history with tho jccret causeatiiat undermined the empire add destroyed, Its lilH-rtles.J I read from book afar, chapter sirveu.&f his Jlistory of Itome, volume two; page &22f-. J""" V- ,: -'--?! - 'tFroisk ithe,. earliest- times of . nbmb,' Vt had been; the custom of the Rottans; rb they' subdued any of the nalions In llnlyto deprive themof a part of thelf territory. A pbrlhin of fhes lands wafsold; and the mt given to thb pobrer citliens, on conditions, says Appli.11,, of their paying annually , a tenth of the cornJ nnd a fifth of tho fmlta of trees,-bcelde a cer-,tolnumber cer-,tolnumber .of' gTcatandMalt: cattle.' f In drwj;of-timertho-iich'byf-vorlous means, got); possession, olhblandsideltideil.for the subslstenccof .the pobr.U 'MfJWJ&b rich and tho mighty contilvcd to poJfesa themselves of 'thifladds of.their poor tielghhortiAt? first theyla-ldthesa'acqulsltlbhs under'; borrowed namestaffcrward-openlyilrithdrownifTo cuUi TOto, they farms; i they em ployed, forblgn slavM, so tlmt. Italy. Was In dangcr-.ot1,;. losing lis inhabltonts of free condition (vihb had no encouragement to; marry, and, iib means to o-lticate chUdren.tand of being oycrrun wltb slaves and.baibarlaha, that bad neither , aflec. - lion for; tho tcpubUc nor 'Intereat In licr tre f '"vtolM Oraccdt, .Bbwm.TrlVdhd'off tli, t people, undertook" tb remedy' those disorders.' i $ Sift 0il". "! 3 ..V,-. '.. 'f ; 1 '"Iscvw y(t J?l!ttaircVtWai propbsey a law ntoremlld nnd gentledgalast iniquity 'add bp r preasion: yet tho .'rich; mode a mighty cloraoi about the hardship' of bclngistrfpped ef theii houses; their -lands, their Inheritance, the burial-places of their oncestors.".. 'Th.ejpoor", on the other hand,-rbmplaincdbi! the extnwo lijdfgcnce to whtcii; tlicv were m-dueed,' m-dueed,' and?6t -their inability to'briug up chll-' drchtAThejrr;cnnmeratcd thb many1 battles whereof hey. liadfbbghtlri defense-'bf J the Re-public; Re-public; - notwithstanding, which 'they wcreal--lowcd aq shareVof. the public lands; fibay, the ugurt)ers,ito cultivate tbeni; , chose; rather to employ 'forelgijcrs "arid slaves than cit'tcnaol j Home.'- Gracclms'slcw woi not tomake poor men rlch. but tb atrcngtheii.the'Itcpubllo-by an increase of nficful memberf, upori whlch he thbright .the' iKifetyTond Welfarb of Italy depimcK ed, Tlfb insurrection "bud war of; I he slaves in Sicily, who were", not , )et , quelled, fund-bed him With infllcient argument tor expatiating on the danger of filling Italy with slaves.' - Tie asked the rich whether Ihcy preferrbd a alavetoa cititen;' a nian unqualified to servh in war to a aoldier; an oiler, to 0 member bf the Republic: and which they thought wbutd' bp more tealou for His Interest? Then, as to the misery of the poor: "The wild beast ef Italy have cavca and dena te uticltor them; but the peoplei, who xpdscd.lhelr; lives for. the defense of Italy, arcal lowed nothing but the light and ritrj they wandcf up and down with thHr wles nnd children, without lionse nqd Wlllmut'liabi-tation. Wlllmut'liabi-tation. pur generals mock the soldiers, when, In battle, 'they exhort ttieiti to fight' for5 their wpulchfcs and their household god; for, among all that great number of Jlomaiis, there is not one whb lias ci hfr a db-d'estlealtar or a ' sepals chre,;oft,hist ancestors, TUeylijght and ,dhv iblely to maintain tho riches and luxury of oihcis; and are Styled the lohls of thepiilverse, while they have not a Blbgle ioot. of ground in their possession." " " '" " '" -. Smith, In the second . volnmo, page 2'JIref ids Greek add Roman Biographical Dlctiimary, Sryvking 6( 'llberlua GroccJius, and the reasons for his proposed Icglislatloil, says; '" .njvllll brothc'rCiilus related, io sonio of lii works, that Tiberius, on his march to. Spain, lafBrO.)' 187, as" he' was' passing through litrurla, oberve(l with gricfi and indignation the' deserted state of that fertilo country; thou-. thou-. sands of foreign BU vesln chalm: were employed in cultivating the laud und tendlng.the-ilocks upon tlio Immense estates' of tho wealthy, while' the pbo'rfer classes'of Roman citizens', who'wwe "thus thrown out of. employment, had scarcely their daily "bread. ' or ojclbdfbi; earth to call thbtr ovu, "'lfe IsTsald'to have been roused through, that circumstance to exert bhnscll In Cddenrbrlng to remedy.; thioyll;" IJIIadth6 policy advocated by . Gracchus; of dlstributingtho'publio lands among the "land-lets "land-lets cltlzensbf-tlib nation, been adbpted.tlie llomon fields would have been .cultivated by frce-.meb, .Instead of slaves, and there would have been a race of men to stay the ravages, of the barbarian; The eternal city would' not then have fallen oS"ey prey to the Goll odd Vandal; but 'the. star of her empiro might have waved, in. triumph Jong after, the Jvy twined her broken columns, ' -VUh b'ordes and firesides tb defend,, the arms and heortsof im' Independent yeomanry ore a surer end more impregnable defence than battlement, ,wall,"or towers .While tho population popu-lation of a country are the: prbprlctors of the land which they till, they have an interest to surround their firesides iwlth' 'cbrhfott and' make their homes happyth greafc incentive to iadustry, frugality, and sobriety,','. It te such habltsralonej that glVe "security to a government govern-ment and form the real elements of national greatness and power. ' 1 " - - Rational .diwtert , are, ..not the growth - of 'a day, bht. the. fruit of lbjr, year, of Jn , im JusHce. and wrong, "Tho smls tilfd bj . HTv M falsoj preaicioss leglshrfios, ofn rwfHiro nw i 3M jM' $M to gCTwjnatc add ripen into thdr hatveet of f -df , B 'H rain and dtlti. Thb mbrtrlc W UM . Wefulswdspf Rrtiodal eahrteHce; k rttik - 'jM rim tuml Jabot become dishoabmWe, ii miM B lU advanwment and good order of bchty, fot; -ho" '-' tK ifH s lfin abthint to to? m$ mW'wm ,dP?deut freehold a "B'"l lifcrspriog-tfrai manly MUonal ftHmWirr 1 IM 1 or a. Mbcrpus. patriotism-a patriotism .tlt;:5 B. 'KrB ' BS f thodefemcof tlio coatry M ui&ij$?- B 4rl vlnufcatioR;bf IH hpnoriwltb m aw ml$&&& 'B1 wd alacr ty that it guards flw heatthstone and Mw&m - tiercakta. Wherever I'reedeM IM.wtekit't-.'- flil tier baBner, the men whe have. raUtad. 'arwnd'. 'M's; .dPtfl tb sttstaln and.dphold it have, cowe; fro, thb'l?' J V iP1!! wrnkshbtt rimlthb Held. -where, Inured tQ ihbat.f :,Js,. .S il'fJi and to cold, and to alt tho lecleraedcic bf tb',, JH Ifl seasons; , they ' havo.ttcquired tho hatdihool "ae-f ' W -111! wawtry to endure the, ttlaft and .privaiiodb-r?; -v m, W mM ,tho camp;-, An iadepcddcnt; yeomdry, mt-' " fS jH'Jil fcred over our. .vast dbmaln, Jhe best oaf - ''?B Wi surest guatantcc for the perpetuity bfilbBr.llv"' IK (bertfs; for thlr arms ore citftdelaf foa' . r B11 power, (heir heart thb' bulwark of Hberty,i. . iff"! ifi thetrablfb .dwaaid; .thin, l;8ct;aWrtviaK . M i the patrimony of labor, by fNvedtte4tVoS;if " . , ,. M .fi orptioa into taree;cstat byj capita and Uta", Jh B M eonseqncht.cultlvatlba byV-tenant Sad 8lavcs, Instead otlnderdedtireefcolderf. -XV B'-W-'l XIl'fPrbsItibn to.chsogb bur IttuVpoKcy, " mMM soits to accompttsU 80 desirable a resell, by se "16i- ImW-M etirlru to the idoxiecr a homo on the duhlle :do ' :' & main nt the bare ct'ot survey and trausfcr, , v SM'iiMM M often, rejebtcd by those who have given but ; - "'faB'Wii little thought oat the. ubect, aa .leveling and . , 'w'fB 'i ; agrarian, : When was there, ever oa. effoit" ' BfMM uiade, slneo tho world began, to wrest fro in ! ijS mlm bomr its ill-jtottea gain, or to restore to man ' ' s SB W W. his Inaltenablo tights; but it baa bcea met- B m i Willi thu shout of lcvellbg and agrarlanr That " V "B I Mho alarm cryof the devotee of thb poat; 5 ' fiJ3( with which.hq ever strides to prevent ,all,ie-. "J .-. -f 'jl M forms or Indbvdtlohs bpon. established usage: ii 'Ii Uchlud such a. bulwark bid; abuses entrench ''Mr WW. themselves, and attempt to maintain thflr po- '"'-' l,t i'll si I Ion by burling ligalist, every assailant tcrroa of odium 'and reproach, mada so by,. the colors II Sffl Ing of the adherents of prerogatlvo; and power. ''1? ,Uutil within a.vcry recent, period, tho chronic a Mm clca of the raco havo lecn, for tho mostiport, '- BvcophanU of power; and,- being tho allies,, of 'H the State, havo glossed over Its cbtemporane- f yH oua despotism and wrongs, while they, have written down the true defenders of. the .right ', Wm of thb people and tho champlbba of hoabrabloji " '",,'-:;-j"M labor a the outlaw of hUtory, V'". rf tB - Because' the lioman Gracchi propoBed to elsN 'JH ? vato the Roman cltlien: by dignifying his' la- T (fV bqr and reatorlng him to the rights of Which. T'AlH "ho had bcea enlustly dcprlvetl by the oligarchy .Wm . who controlled the State, . their name Was ssi ,f',wl i wade, synbntmou with infamylas arch-dis- ." M wM turU'rssof 'all that was good, .In -aoclety, till f9B ; Klcbuhr tore off the veil of two thousand years Bffa i bf obloquy, ond, vindicated to' fulure?ti pMM . their memories aa true defenders of tho rights fWM of the people; and advocates pf the" best. Inter- , ' r: fm ests and glory of their cbantry, Bath bM becd . -411 . the fate of rim world' .refonucrt, Is It' iiot l-f Km time that we learned wfsJom from thb chron- w-WJ iclcalof the past, and ceased a blind reverence" f X'Jl forcuatmns br. Institutions because of their vi t fd gray ,ger Why , should not the . Aracrlcsn Sn statesman adapt thelcgklatlon of, the country ; ,i lViilH to thedetclopemcntof its Biaterial resources, tL the promotion of Its Industrial interests, -ami AaJil thereby dignify i t labor, aad makb atrosgl the' 1 prime clement of national powcrf;. lwJ ''jtcttlils vast' domain, then, be set apart' ami ' flfi consecrated forever as a patrimony to the aods MSJ of toil; close your ,'IiUd Office tore ver , atInf ''MH thbipeculator; arid thereby prevent the capital .' fMfffj bf the country; from seeking that, kinder in- fif1 vestment, of absorbing , tho hard earalngai'Qf labor, without Tendering an equivalent. While " ;MIMl thb laborer I thus crurtied by thl. system f ea- IM3 tabliahcd by.tbc, Gbvernmcnt,.whleh,'Ahstract so large an amount from bis1 earnings for the "34 - benefit of the speculator,' In addition to all tha I;'1K'; other, disadvantages :that ;evcrrbeact.ithe iuv xpftIij bqualitrugglB between 'the-:bone8"'andfInbWa wStC ot men and dollar and cents," what wonder Is ra.j-t?1 it that misery and want so often sit at his fire- l3iUt side, and penury and sorrow surround his jfMlUk deathbed! - -. Cujvy? sj.r -..l3; i ...Whllo the pIoneerapirlti??c forth -liito;th iPiiC wilderness, snatching new areas from the' wild 'flNerl beasts, and beqeatbing them Iflegaey-to.clvl- $-4t':i llzed rnan, let not the Government dampen his M. -y. "ardor d paly his'arm .by deglslationi- tliat ". . ' places him In tho power of soulless capital and .' grasping spcculotlonj forTupon hi Wild battle- CM , tield these are tho only foes that his own: stern m heart and right arm cannot i vanquish.; ' , JfJJ |