Show am im an friends or e 41 W T h ite M ca aa Y s T T 41 NA AIM IV E q W JV za 1 1 45 RV 1 W 7 no A wi ko 4 z I 1 sit 1 N f to 41 kz k V X aa 11 M na N 54 A r 4 I 1 A so gar 5 or A 0 MI 7 1 AN A A jan X NT 44 T 0 R WR A Z TIMBERS av G affra ff 4 1 RA 5 picture courtey courtesy ar army i y information demice sen ice by ELMO SCOTT WATSON OF THE WHITE A MAN f AY that Is a t ame ie which has been borne by many indians since it was uns first applied to old massasoit sachem of the protector and preserver of the little fa N colony of 0 pilgrims on the rocky shores of new england more than years ago it is a name which had various meanings depending upon the person who spoke it uttered with pride by a logan of the cayugan Cay a Sh abbona of the potta or a washakie Wash akle of the it meant that they were conscious of the esteem in ili which they were held because of their friendliness to an alien race and because of their wisdom in recognizing the futility of resistance to the inevitable domination of this continent by the white man cut but spat from the contemptuous lips of a pontiac of tile the ottaway Ot tawas a Sat balanta ailta of the klowas or a red cloud or sitting bull of the sioux it had a very different meaning when they applied that term to one of their tribesmen it car ried the sting of denunciation as a renegade and traitor to the red race and it expresses their determination to go down fighting rather than to submit weakly to the hated invaders As american indian day which is celebrated on September 21 this year approaches it is fitting to recall some of these friends of the white man who had a part in the building of this nation riot not the great chiefs such as those already mentioned tio ned who are comparatively well known but certain others who nho are more obscure to d di that in to bring to light a little known knon chapter in the history of 0 the united S states tates army and to record the services of indians alio served as scouts with our troops against their own race to in the innumerable indian wars with the red roan man indian scouts and guides have been used as individuals or groups by the white man also from the beginning of the settlement of north Ainer Ampil lej cd aid of the tribes was sought for scouts guides and allies by both the french and english in the lie long series of colonial wars which finally established english supremacy on this contina continent nt and both the british and americans used them during the revolution after the establishment of the republic were used py by our military forces in the various wars which pushed the frontier to the 2 and they proved invaluable as guides for the early explorers into the far west among tile the latter the outstanding name naine Is that ot of the indian girl who led lewis and dark clark beyond the shining mountains Moun talus to the western sen sell but according to researches made recently by historians of the war department it was not until after tile lie civil war when the tribes of tile the great plains were making tile the lust last desperate stand of the red man against the white that indians were reg regularly u enlisted as a part of our military establish ment the most famous ot of cheze friends of the white man htwa who ho took serice with the aimy against their own race was the company of pawnee indian scouts organized in 1801 by frank north at the suggestion of general curtis for service against the sioux this group of 0 young baw rope warriors arri ors served with general connor in ills his ill fated expedition into the powder river and yellowstone yellow stone country to in and so BO strikingly proved their value during this campaign that to la march general augur authorized the organization of a n battalion of four companies of pawnee scouts with north in command with the title ot of major one of the companies was commanded by capt luther H north who still lives at columbus neb from the day the scouts were enrolled until they were mustered out of the service in december 1870 these indian auxiliaries rendered service of inestimable value in protecting tile the builders of the union pacific railroad from hostile indians in guiding various detachments of the army against the sioux and and in fighting brilliantly in every engagement in which wit leb they participated participate the outbreak of the great sioux war in emphasized the need for indian auxiliaries for our troops operating in the vast territory over which roamed the hostile sioux and and it tell led later to an net act of congress passed on august 12 1870 authorizing indian scouts as a part of tile the regular army three expeditions were sent into the field early in 1870 one under gen george crook starting north front from wyoming another under gen john gibbon starting east from western montana and a third under gen A 11 II terry stai starting ting west of fort abraham lincoln N D at the beginning of his campaign crook had the services or of several halfbreed half breed sioux as scouts and later he be was joined by a number of crows and shoshones Sho who were placed under the command of maj J al kandill the lender leader of the shoshones Sho was the famous old chief washakie Wash akle who despite ills his advanced years was in the thick of the ft fighting alting lu in several engagements gibbon also enlisted a number of chows who were placed under tile the command of charles 11 II bradley of the seventh infantry and some of them became famous for their part tit in the tragedy of the hie little big horn included in terrys command was tile the seenith cavalry headed by col george A custer and during april and may isug some BS 0 warriors of the Ai aillard Arl lcara llara tribes tribe commonly known ns is aels wore were call enlisted sted ns as scouts and placed under the commend of C A barrum and luther 11 have hare of the SeNe seventh nth these scouts were led by bloody knife at 11 famous warrior who had sered with cu cuter custer ter during the yet yel lowb tone expedition of and again in at the conference between gibbon terry and cuter Cut cr held beld at the mouth of the rosebud Itose bud aker just before custer started on ills his fatal march south six of gibbons best lost crow scouts were nere attached to custers coin viand they were curley white swan halry hairy moccasin goes ahead white while man auns him and unit halt yellow face their lead lender they were enrolled with ith the scouts under tinder lieu liebi tenant varnum who their work through through their halfbreed half breed interpreter match bouyer when on june 25 custer dilden lila ills command to attack the big indian village which chich tits ills scouts find discovered on oil the little kig big cloin lie kept four of the crows cros goes ahead halry moccasin curley and white man runs him with ith him film the other to white swan svan and half yellow face with the art karas were attached atla clied to renos conini command and tile the part played by lite crow scouts especially curley in the custer battle lias has been the subject for so much dispute that it Is difficult to state positively just liow low much ill the four who went with custer saw of that part of the battle which resulted in the destruction of the loader leader of the seventh and the troops walli fill him the best evidence seems to Indicate that they were with him film until a short ahne after lie he came into contact iltz with the ho hostiles stiles arid tile the first firing began then through mitch collyer rio Pol uyer lyer tile the interpreter lie told them that their work of gulding guiding him to the hostile village was done that it was as tile the bu business giness of ills his soldiers to fight the sioux sious and that they were tt te go back to the pack train cr stayed with custer and was killed billed when the hostiles ho stiles that I 1 I 1 SE V C part of the seventh a few minutes later inter of the scouts with reno leeno half yellow face 1 ace and ana white swan appear to have had a hand in tile the fighting of that detachment since white whimp swan was seriously wounded bloody knife leader of 0 the Arl Ari karas was shot and instantly killed billed by renos side just as that officer led ills his battalion out of the timber to retreat to the bluffs across the river of the other Ari Arl karas it has been the fashion for most historians to say in eie effes t that the cowardly rees fled tit at the first fire prof 0 G libby of the university of north dakota la in liis ills investigations among the iving mem ta embert berol of tills this groups group made several years ago and pub fished by the north dakota historical under the title of the narrative coel COB elusively refuted this slander on these indies and allies and showed that they acted to in ap A 1 i with Cu custers Cus fers orders which were viere of tha tl sat hanx nature as ills his directions to the crows vis vii tat their job was guiding and not ili ting indian scouts were used effectively in the long series of wars the apaches in the southwest in the eighties gereral cinek who wits was a I 1 muster master hand at dealing with willi the was esp claley successful ful in Apa apaches elies to figat apaches companies of apache scouts participated in the campaign in mexico and new mex ica front from quile june to Noie ember niber isso in 1883 an apache Api clie name baseil was captured by a party of soldiers who dubbed ailin ip blics because t f tits ills light complexion and rosy heeks both on usual in an indian indan ezoe was sent to wilcox aril ArN where crook was organizing liis his expedition into I 1 mexico alg against Cero ninio crook persuaded ded azile to become a scout for hill and lie proved to tie be a faith ral and valuable guide tilde for tile expedition two other famous apache scouts were ite apache kid who served as a government scant against gironimo Goro Geron nimo lain in 1892 and mickey fred frea who iho served as it 11 scout all mid interpreter in the clita asin laign of 1995 tile apache kid later turned against ills his white emp employers loNers carried on a aeu wili v airfare fare throughout tile lie southwest until ae e was killed by a white scout named walapai clark one of the inot famous of nil all indian scouts who little hine served the alie white men inen was waa a alowa named r see 0 in isis I seea enclitic enli tic as a scout tit at port fort sill okla where fit at tile time was as stationed hugh L 1 scott of troop 1 L of the seventh cavalry cai cao alry A warin friend friendship hip which I 1 lasted ast a lifetime sprang ill up between the indian and lite hie young cavalry cna alry allicer and during tile the G ghost I 1 lost dance excitement of it buas ill ohp influence Ind nence of scott and working work ln together which preen prevented ted mich un an outbreak among the klobus an aind apaches Apa clies as biad ill taken place union bihong the sioux I sets see 0 served as a scout at I 1 fort P ort sill until the gindlin scouts were disbanded in 1913 then bachl facing poverty had and want in his old age file scout went to washington to appeal to the great willie white father for ala aid iha his old friend now general scott interceded intercedes Inter ceded for hit and it lie was rei re to tile lie army roll rolls mth the permanent rating of ser sergeant gLant A sear or so later by a special act of congress the war department was nas eligi shered to tile lie oli old scout cout oti oil the active rolls with the runic of sergeant so long ap lie ile should lie file so until the day ot fit tit his death march 11 1920 I see 0 wore the khaki of the th united states slates army and when he died he ha atif WB given the full honors of a military funeral Q is esq 30 baloo |