Show I ID D Nation to Be Active Factor r. r I Plans In War Post Post Peace Majority of Ameri American an People Ask sk Participation tion I In International Organization to jp 1 2 Maintain Harmony ki m i iBy t By BAUKHAGE Yews Analyst an and Commentator I Service Union Trust Building Washington D. D C. C Slowly the pattern of Americas America's war post-war plans are taking shape but only the pattern I When congress returned it was evident that no matter how much disagreement there might be as to the details of the role the United States will play in the war post-war world the people have registered one idea they want to take part in some kind of an international organization organization organization or or- to maintain peace The same opinion turned up in the conversation of three members of congress of widely differing political politic sentiments with whom I talked shortly after they returned Speaker Sam Rayburn told me that the one phrase which received the most applause applause applause ap ap- ap- ap in the speeches he made in inthe inthe inthe the Southwest was when he said that the United States must do a m man mans man's s job for peace Two leading Republican senators expressed the same idea namely that the people seem to be of one mind that America must join in some kind of international effort after after after aft aft- er the war to maintain peace The disagreements in congress are chiefly a difference in degree degreer r and represent a discussion for the most part over details that nobody expects congress to decide in advance advance advance ad ad- vance anyhow v. Of course there are two things which make for lack of harmony one is the natural desire of each political party to criticize the other 1 in a campaign year the other is the effort of small groups to get over their own particular ideas Secretary of State Hull in his speech of September 12 made it plain that the administration was in favor of an international organization organization organization which would agree to use force to maintain peace peace implying implying that the United States would offer its armed forces in collaboration with other nations to stop sion He went further on the subject subject subject sub sub- than any official so far but there has been a feeling on the part of many members of congress that the J people would support such a policy Pooling of Resources Meanwhile the public has gradually gradually gradually ally come to the realization that Winston Churchill as the kings king's first I minister with plenary powers and President Roosevelt as commander- commander in-chief in and therefore with similar authority have agreed that the United States and Britain will pool i their military resources not only until until until un un- til the fighting ends but until the emergency is ended They will do this merely by continuing the committee committee com corn of joint chiefs of st staff They made it plain that they consider the emergency or as an official spokesman for the United States described it a period of transition will not end until the thelast thelast thelast last peace treaties are signed In other words the United States and Great Britain intend as long as the emergency exists to take part in an organization to establish and maintain maintain maintain main main- tain the peace by means of what amounts to a military alliance between between between be be- tween the two nations Prime Minister Churchill was ready to sign a written agreement which would include Britain's pledge to remain remain our a ally y and continue continue the war with us until Japan was beaten that that much he told the newsmen newsmen- and he added the President had said it was not necessary that his word was good enough Presumably Presumably ably the written agreement would have included the continuation of the joint committee of the chiefs of staff too But written or unwritten such sucha a pact now exists It is therefore clear that the President intends if he remains in office to maint maintain an interim arrangement arrangement arrangement ar ar- ar- ar which will keep this country country country coun coun- try an active factor in world affairs affairs affairs af af- af- af fairs to the point where its policies will be supported by military action This will be of indefinite length as I Churchill put it until it can be shown that a better arrangement including all nations can be found to supplant supplant supplant sup sup- plant it In one sense therefore it is less important what decision the congress congress con con- gress press or the administration makes right now as to its foreign policy since th there re will be plenty of time for the people to become fully acquainted acquainted acquainted ac ac- ac- ac with the whole situation during the transition period when two of the strongest nations nation remain 1 unit united d. d The important thing of course is to obtain the operation co-operation of the third most powerful nation Russia I And that is what is on the fire right now Until we know a little littlemore I Imore more about Russia's views and intentions intentions intentions in in- it will be impossible to tomake tomake tomake make a detailed plan for the postwar postwar postwar post post- war world Battle Baffle of Italy Beginning of End As I write these lines the startled moon has just slipped behind a j jagged jagged jag jag- ged curtain of clouds like a transport transport transport trans trans- port sliding under the protecting cloak of a smoke screen That comparison leaps to my mind because all day I have been following following following follow follow- ing as you have and as closely as either cither of us could the progress of th the gr greatest t t military undertaking which an American army h has at attempted attempted attempted at- at tempted in this war war the the battle of Italy For the battle of Italy is the storming of the very portals of the Reich the outer rim it is true but nonetheless the first breastworks of Hitler's inner fortress Here for the first time American soldiers hardened on the harsh sands of Africa and the cruel h hils of Sicily meet the guardsmen of the Nazi citadel Nat Not a colored bi-colored army diluted by a hearted half-hearted ally Italy but dogged German fighters defending defending defending defend defend- ing the gateway to their own their native land The end of the beginning has ended ended ended end end- ed the beginning of the end has be be- gun And we who have watched every sign and every signal as the curtain between what we thought and wh what we knew was lifted realize how little we and the world can guess of the inner and complicated workings of this great war machine As the armies of the Allies attack the enemy enemy citadel the citadel the leaders of the Allies Roosevelt and Churchill 1 1 0 new e i ce p an a Q II V III The invasion of Sicily and the invasion invasion invasion in in- of Italy were planned at Casablanca where for 24 hours the few newsmen who were permitted to know kept the secret of the meeting meeting meeting meet meet- ing itself Beside the historic waters waters waters wa wa- of the St. St Lawrence in the citadel at Quebec the marching orders were sealed while we newsmen newsmen newsmen news news- men waited blinded and deafened to all but the most general ideas What are those marching orders Some other startled moon will tell Civilian Defense Proves Its Worth As Germany begins the defense of her inner fortress and the once- once I feared has been converted I from an offensive to a defensive machine machine ma ma- ma-I ma chine the problem of keeping up th the morale of Civilian Defense in this I country is a difficult one It would be foolhardy to lie down on the job lob I now for history has shown that frequently frequently frequently fre fre- fre- fre fierce and bitter conflicts grow out of victories and until the thelast thelast the thelast last shot is fired and after that it isn't safe to desert the ramparts Recently the value of civilian defense defense defense de de- de- de training was proved in a manner manner manner man man- ner which received very little recognition recognition recognition rec rec- outside of the immediate vicinity When the Congressional Limited the crack train that runs LL I between J. J New V C York and anu Washington VY was wrecked in Philadelphia when the Twentieth Century Limited another another another an an- other crack train between Chicago and New York was wrecked and I when a hotel burned in Houston I Texas the civilian defense organization organization proved its ts mettle I On all three occasions invaluable service was rendered by these unselfish men I and women who have so long answered answered answered an an- mock alarms and gone on duty for practice drills It was definitely shown that in the case of the wreck of the Congressional Congressional Congressional Limited and in the Houston fire lives were actually saved by the defense workers In Philadelphia a group of air raid wardens meeting near the scene of the wreck were the first to arrive on the scene In a short time trained workers workers workers work work- ers were at work assisting police and helping the rescue So effectively did they handle the traffic that in spite of the great crowds lanes were kept open so that all injured persons not actually pinned in the wreck had been removed to hospitals within 35 or 40 minutes I |