Show Big Risk Taken By Eg F Crews Men Who Pilot Trains Through Tunnels Literally Take in Their Hands Harda w v Washington The The engine crews crows who drive e the modern monster types tyres of ot locomotives lo 10 e through the lunge Longer tunnels of ot American railways are frequently posed exposed pos to the presence of deadly carbon car cur bon bun mono monoxide l e gas US Hud and to withering temperatures ranging up to iao degrees degrees de do- grees Fahrenheit states the Department Depart Depart- ment lueDt of the tIle Interior as ns the result of ot ofha an nD investigation lu conducted by the bu bu- of mines in Utah and Wyoming Hot exhaust gases are the source o of danger dinger from frow exposure t to tunnel at at- Many serious accidents e ju occurred in these tunnels due to asphyxiation or exhaustion of ot the lo- lo crews caused by bO exposure to atmospheres containing carbon monoxide ide or to atmospheres of ot a Ii high tern tern- tern tern-I an and saturated with moisture These hazards me are accentuated by a a. group of less importance consisting of sulphur dioxide hydrogen sulphide F FI Fot ot Qt und and steam accompanied by the decreased OX oxygen gen content of the air Suggested Remedy The Interior department men wends mends s the use of smoke on locomotives operating In tunnel distrIcts districts dis dis- as a means menns of reducing the hazard hazard haz haz- ard ti due clue to high temperatures and the use of the train brake air-brake line Une as asIn asa asla In la a source of air for breathing purposes for members of engine crews The object of the Interior departments department's departments department's depart- depart ments ment's investigation conducted by the bureau of mines s in co operation with the ithe Union Pacific railroad was to determine de do- termine the cause of pf gassing accidents iby by examining into composition of the nir In locomotive cabs while passing through h railroad tunnels to le learn rn the effect of these conditions on the engine en en- gine glue crews and to provide a means lot protection for the men so e exposed Gas samples and temperature read read- in lags S taken in the cabs of locomotives es were use used in studying the atmospheric to which the locomotive crews s were exposed The symptoms and the ph physiological siolo cal effects produced tin In men exposed to the atmospheres encountered encountered en en- countered were studied The pulse rates and bod body temperatures were taken and determinations of th the carboa carbon carbon car car- bon boa monoxide content of the blood were vere made Various methods metho s for the I prevention of ga passing gassing sing and for the protection pro pro- protection of men were considered con con- prO prO-j idere and tested among which were the use of mechanical devices for deflecting de dp- de- de fleeting the smoke away from the engino en- en pine Jine cab Cal the use of various arIous t types pe of ot pas gas as masks and breathing apparatus I Of forty trips conducted In cabs of es s while hile the trains were vere passin pass- pass in JD lag through tunnels carbon monoxide as T 15 found foun to be present on thirtyfour thirty thirty- four trIp j. Extreme Temperature The operation of 24 trains allis of approximately 2000 tons each in a n normal running time of six minutes through the Aspen tunnel in Wyoming shoved cab temperatures of degrees Fahrenheit Fah Fab- dr dry bulb degrees wet bulb and a n relative humidity of 90 00 per cent The maximum dry-bulb dry temperature tem tern recorded ed on any of the forty tests con conducted was wis 13 degrees while the maximum wet-bulb wet temperature was 1 4 de degrees rees The time consumed In the passage of the trains varied from 4 minutes to 25 minutes Results of ph physiological tests over o periods of ten minutes showed that the conditions in the cabs might be severe ere enough to cause asphyxiation or exhaustion In periods of 20 minutes especially in cases where the engine is stalled Pocket respirator and other types of gas pas masks s packed with soda lime charcoal mixtures afforded protection smoke nn and sulphurous gases Carbon monoxide masks masl s afforded protection pro pro- against nil of the gases gases' en en- countered Some discomfort was experienced ex ex- ex- ex in wen wearing ring gas gus masks In at- at mc mo of high temperature and humidity hu bu however howe Mechanical methods for deflecting the smoke h by using the force of the exhaust In conjunction with a hood or t 1 Pink Slip Shows Who f Will Be the Boss I I A. A youth and und a n maiden were In the marriage license bureau at left eft San FrancIsco with a Cal CaU When they Uley marriage license In the youths youth's pocket clerks found a small amaH pink p paper per on which was IC wrItt written the following I I Henry en get haircut and ond mant- mant cure get d dress Lull as suit wash I I I hend dont don't put water on head get Set a n pair of garters perfume I nicely dont don't eat onIons get Ret dress full collar and necktie get I shoes get hat get a n new tooth brush get the license get I flowers flowe- be on time for tor wedding J- J dont don't forget the ring Mary 4 elbow attached to the top of the locomotive loco loco- motive stack for throwing the smoke back over the of top the cab were found very effective In reducing the temperature and Improving the atmospheric atmos atmos- conditions In the cab |