Show WE I 1 as 13 r ja ca I 1 r LZ aa J e e jr t 0 44 X bif X X A v f 21 arzt OF T OPT WILLIAM HEMP HEMPY Y 8 0 SV S V TERMS C bmw 2 7 Z X MODEL or af q 4 dy ELMO SCOTT WATSON ah coming of august batt iatt august E A americas month of catties battles it I 1 has las been culled called because so many ill dramatic a and important engagements j in our history have been fought durin PS I 1 that month brings the anniversaries a ver er saries of two famous massacres which olter offer an interesting study iii fit historic parallels in both cases the commander of a fort putting ills his falth faith in the word of an enemy led out from froin the shelter of its log walls walla his little garrison of men women at abid children who ilo vere nere set upon by a horde of savages who killed until tile waters in the lake on whose shores the fort stood figura ethely ran red in both cases the commander realized fully the linger danger into which he was lending leading fit liia ills people and in both cases lie he was compelled to evacuate by orders from lis ills superior of officer fleer and upon the heads of these superior off officers leers who were alere certainly incompetent or stupid it if not actually cowardly the blood of the unica unfortunate victims whom they sent to their deaths mcalha must rest until history finds some new facts to their guilt the two massacres were those which took place at fort bort millam henry on oil the shores of lake george in new york on august 0 9 1757 and at fort dearborn on tile alie shores of lake in illinois on august IF 1812 lort fort william henry was built in 1753 1755 by sir william johnson the gallant irish american baronet who alio won the power powerful tul iroquois confederacy of indians to the side of inland england in her struggle with france fur for possession of 0 north america it was the alie base of ills operations durina durin the futile campaign of 1755 against the french was abandoned when winter came repaired again the next spring and was again the base for gen fen oral cral Win windows slows equally futile campaign against the french at crown point in when tile campaign of 1757 opened fort william henry glenry which had again been repaired and strengthened was the most advanced british post in the direction of canada and was the one which would bear the brunt of tile attak attack by n an n army of couo men which the arble french gen general e ral marquis de montcalm was preparing to launch against it in the face of tills this throat threat tile the earl of loudon london british commander in chief had weakened the possibility of resisting Mont calms attack by send ing a large part of tl alie e british and colonial I 1 forces on a useless and doomed to falluca expedition against Louls bourg in non noa scotia fort william henry was vats held by lieutenant colonel monro with ilia a force of 2140 men per pen miles away his superior officer licor of gen fion daniel webb held field fort edward ith an army of but although wolie knew in advance of mont cohns calms plans lie he made no attempt to summon the colonial militia to ills his ill bild all and even when tie lie learned front from ilia his scouts flat the fience general was wag concentrating ills his forces at it ticonderoga lie made no attempt to concentrate his own oun foros fores at al either william henry oi 01 tit at ILl edward allward ward montcalm Monten lain appeared before fort william henry on august 4 find and after the usual formal dellin tid for its surrender which was Is hefta refused sed opened fir fire e upon it with ill ills battery of 12 anti and 18 13 for he days monro held out gallent gall ly against the superior forces and the superior artil artillery leary ol of the he enemy hoping all the time that webb liili off oi lil ili 4 march to the sound of lite hie pins guns put hut no help fame came tile fort was being pounded to pieces his bardson was weakened Nealer led liy lay sickness its as well as by death front from the frenchmans French Frencht mans nans artillery and half of his cannon had been rendered useless on it the morning of august 9 1 montcalm Monten lan planted ills hea heaviest lest guns within such clone range that further resistance would uld have been futile so monro was as forced to surrender with alth the honors of war under the terms of lite capitulation the lie ga garrison r af of fort Will william iain henry was to march out nut unarmed but retaining their personal persona belongings and ant to be escorted to fort Fol edward ward after giving their promise not to serve in the ario again for fer eighteen As a toen PI of their r I 1 brave defense the frenchman allowed then to tn take along one piece of artillery a sis rim lounder unfortunately t they hey left in the fort a supply of liquor and the indians WILD who swarmed into the fort as tile garrison left it found this fl firewater reater their t thirst ilist for blood aroused bv the stubborn defense of the garchson garr loii during till the siege and maddened by the liquor the indians gathered in a threatening mass along tile the column of march ing one of the most livid ald descriptions of what then took place Is found in a classic in american literature J fenimore coopers the last of the mohicans Mob lenns cans although that book Is fiction there Is probably nn an element clement of truth in tile dramatic scene in lie depicts an indian attempting to steni steal a shawl from one of tile the women nho ho wrapped her baby in it whereupon the savage seized the child dashed its lead head against n rock and then tomahawked toma hawked the mother from that point cooper continues at that dangerous moment magua lingua placed his hants hands to his mouth and raised the fatal anil and appalling whoop the scattered indians started at tho the well known cry as cour courser sers bound at the sag signal to quit the goal and directly there arose such a yell along alone the plain and through the arches of the weeds as seldom burst from human lips before they who heard it listened with curdling horror at the heart little interior inferior to that dread which may be expected to attend the blasts of the inal summons more than two thousand raving ravine savages broke from the forett forcht nt at the signal and threw themselves across the fatal plain with instinctive ala rity we shall not dwell on the revolting horrors that succeeded death was waa everywhere and in hla his most terri tenall te nill fir and disgusting asp aspects ecta resistance si only served fo 0 o inflame the murderers who inflicted their fur urlo lotis iia blows long after their victims were beyond the euwer of their resentment lite low flow of blood might be likened to the lie outbreak of a torrent an ani and I na as the natives became heated said maddened by the apat many among them even kneeled to the earth rind drank freely exultingly hellishly of the crimson tide the trained bodies of broo troops Ps threw themselves quickly into solid misses masses endeavoring to awe their assailants by the imposing a appearance PPe arance of a military front the experiment in some measure sue succeeded though far too ton miny suffered their unloaded muskets musket to lif bp torn from their hands in tho the vain hope of appeasing the savages to the credit of tit the french commander it must be said that lie did all in hla his power to restrain the indians at the risk of their tiles lie and mem hers bera of ills his staff threw themselves be between teen the savages and their victims and he immediately summoned liis ills french regulars who ila stopped tile massacre hut but before that could lie be accomplished more than fifty of the eng elsh including some of the wounded men who liy lay in a temporary lios hos pita were killed and scalped scalded ped anti and some two hun dred were ere carried away into captivity capthi ty hy by the indians who took them to montreal to t lie rin ran not till all of the two hundred surl Ned however for according to one authority some per ier island nt at tile stale slake ond anil final touch to the horrors of the lie fort william henry massacre mas sicre one band called the vold cold county cannibals roasted some of their prisoners and tile ate them so the exact loss lors of the english on that fateful day will neer bo be exactly known although it Is certain thant coopers statement that between and 1500 fell in tills this unhappy altair alTa lr Is an exaggeration ration ati ai Is often the case with the creator of stocking aside front from lite alie fact that the fort william glenry hc nry massacre vias as one of the most tragic events in american history it was also a mg lint one me for frances failure to control her savage ravage allies aa is allu illustrated grated hy by ahli alil instance nerve nerved the alie colonists if t the resolution to resist to the utmost an all enemy which used suh such allies and in the long run that resolution contributed to tile the downfall of the french power on tills this continent port fort dearborn whose to log walls were to be the knesis of if ilio ile second city in the united states stales and alii lie metre polis polli of mid america was wag built in 1 01 by calil john whistler of tile the states regular bikul ir aimy la in line with the governments policy cl establishing on tile the new western frontier to protect the wave settlement of which was sure to follow the louisiana purchase in 1310 1810 capt nathan natha n heald took command of the post and within a short time began hearing alarming reports of 0 the activities of the great shawnee chief tecumseh who was dreaming the old dream of pontiac of uniting all tile indian tribes to wipe out the white invaders of their lands in june 1812 the united states went to war with great britain and tecumseh t temporarily foiled by the defeat of his big boasting bonstin brother the prophet at tippecanoe cast its ills lot the british which meant savage warfare on the northwestern frontier on july 29 gen william lull hull commander of the U S fort at detroit rind and fealds superior officer sent an order to to ein cuate the post destroy all surplus arms and ammunition but to give the goods in the united states factory there to the friendly indians indiana around tile the post and proceed tit nt once to fort wane ind it was tills hull be it remembered whose blundering and general incompetence was so EO soon to lead to lie surrender of detroit toi to the british general brook brock without It hout oring firing it a shot in its defense fealds force tit nt tile the time ahe be order from null was received on august 8 consisted of 51 regulars and 12 militia various hostile nets committed by indians around the post during the preceding months indicated indicate that the alie abandonment of the fort and the march to fort layfie would be a dangerous undertaking whereas it if lie remained lie he could no doubt count upon help front from militia which tile governors of illinois and indiana would raise should the indians attack rut but hulls orders were positive and left nothing to fealds leal ds discretion being a soldier lie could do nothing but obey so preparations were made for the evacuation of the fort on august 11 1 5 on the previous lay day the goods in the factory were distributed among the indians indiana with tile understanding g that in return for these goods they were to protect tile lie garrison on its retreat re trent according to orders heald land had destro jod the surplus arins and a large stock of liquor it was disappointment over loss ot of these which Is beli believed bellei eNed ed to have invited the indians to the attack tile next lay on tile the other oilier hand to have jian lite sullen tribesmen the laiq nor and arms would have insured the hie destruction ot of tile the whites Nh ites so tit in either case the garrison of lort fort Defir dearborn born was doomed while preparations for alie evacuation were taking place capt apt william Willi aiu wells a famous scout and an uncle of sirs mrs heald lied bell nar arrived rived from froin fort wa wane ne with n small force of friendly wand miami indians to help guard the lie retreating garrison when lite march started the next morning wells veils rind and lili ill indians led tile hie advance to guard against the treachery which lie felt sure would fI follow lov in fact I 1 lack black e a friendly chief had vl warned arned on oil august I 1 11 I 1 that linden birds had biad been ln in his cars and the white men inen should be careful on the march they were about to make but it was too late then to turn lick back and even though thou h fearing the worst determined to go on A mile and a half from froin the fort the indians I liddon nation among the sand hlll hill attacked the head of 0 tile the column wells climis lied fled nt at tile first fire succeeded in rallying his soldiers and charged with nith bay bayonet oriet driving the indians back atthe rear of the column the sav savages ilges had attacked the wagons bearing the women and children which were guarded by the militia who were cut down to a man captain wells who had ilon brick back to alie wagons to save ills niece was shot down and killed fighting to the last put but lie was only one of several heroes both men and women alio to perished peri hed that day after lighting fighting desperately tely until tile the tomahawks of tile the savages cut them don surrounded by the indians indans who ills his force nearly ten to one there was but one thing left for captain to do to stop the fhe slaughter that was to surrender find that he r did to black lie elrd the principal chief in the brief conflict 25 regulars 12 2 women and 12 children were killed or so desperately pera tely wounded that they died later others including captain hina himself zelf were also seriously wounded some of the wounded fait prisoners were saved by the indians only to meet jing ing it etiore terrible fate than captivity for as was john ohn the case at fort william henry the massacre was laith followed by an internal infernal orgy ot of torture in the ike hel indian camp the most of toe tits prisoners were car ailed away to indian villages or to canada and athers thera were ere later ransomed rans omed I 1 today a monument marks the spot where tile the fort dearborn massacre took place it stands at in pa y 0 the foot of eighteenth street near the like lake in its this chicago topping it la Is a scene at 0 one of tile most thrilling scenes in the massacre tats chief black partridge staying slaying the hind hand of or at indian who Is attempting to tomahawk vm mrs heir the young wife ol of lieutenant uelia delia |