Show LABOR AND industrial two strong tendencies in tin tile world of labor marked the year in tire united states one olio wits was toward a reduction of wages na as a part of the return it to normalcy and the other v was as nowara the establishment of 0 the open shop naturally both were contested ly by organized labor not wholly successfully the railway executives took the lie lead la in both movements but had nany many fol fal lowers lit in january the national conference of state manufacturers associations ciati cint ions ons pledged support for the open shot movement ott on the lust list tiny day of eliat month tile railway executives executive asked that tin the national working agree lie be abrogated the railroad brotherhoods brothe appealed to president wilson to prevent t nt wage reductions lint but lip lie refused to interfere ly ity order of the railway labor board some of the lie working agre mentH were terminated on oil july 1 and it wage cut averaging 12 per cent was put into effect tile railways litter later announced they would ask furt lier bugo cuts tile the membership of tile the brotherhoods brothe decided by vote that hint a strike should lie be called on oil october 30 but nine allied unions refused to support such a strike aud on oil announcement no by the lie board that lint it would riot not consider wage cut requests until nil working rule questions ques tlona had been decided the lie strike order wilt anva canceled on december 1 tile the baard reconstituted tile working rules rulea so au that the lie open shop eliop principle atis recognized in the packing industry there was 11 wage arige reduction tion lit in march till giitl a strike way was narrowly averted in ili september the th large packing plants installed install eil the shop blimp representation system anti and lit in november vein bev under tills this iliin the employees consented consent ml to a further reduction of 10 por per cent the meat ineat cutters repudiated tills this and called a strike on oil dec fi 5 there many minor strikes most of thein short lived Sali samuel lliel Goin fiers was reelected re elected president of the american federation af f labor which held its convention lit in denver deliver in june great britaina Brit ains coal miners went on oil strike on oil march 1 and for nearly four months the nations industries were near collapse the rall rail till and transport workers re refused fusei to go out and thc jhc government would not yield to the demands that the mines ile be nationalized so the miners returned to lo work on oil june 28 without having gained much |