Show our battleships much interest altac attaches lies at pres zant nt to tile the mile cruise of our war ships around cape horn to the pacific specific coast there ard are L 1 hig big battleships in fill all and they represent out oui newest and d best equipment on the ocean in the battle of foupht for no less purpose e thim than to bee who would dominate the world tile the fleets of caesar ani antoni t us the egyptian division and y Cleo J patras galley cost than any two of these the ships carry high T fa rifles to 1 I 0 fire ore a single broad irl side from till all the guns wound cost a gun equal to 4 the i li presidents residents salar salary Y for one oie yur y ur if in battle und ind eve every ry guil un in ill us tile fleet would exl jid it its hm tit at the dac of 00 60 it a 1116 thi tion con consists cons iyla sisti of 1 for the 13 ingli guns rounds for the 8 inch 1570 rou rounds for we my may recognize the llie va value ue of hard and durable roads in all parts of tile the country cout itry but still the filet fact remains that for a long time thue to io come the majority of the roads will be composed of arth furthermore in about nine months out of I 1 ahe I 1 e year t lie e earth road if properly cared I 1 for is ia 11 rea reasonably satisfactory for many district distri ctr iti it i is ahe only road tit at present available hence these com coil 1116 should set themselves them helves S seriously erious ly to work to learn the best beat methods of maintaining earth broadi and of getting the maximum service ervice g from them 1 prosperity comes come to tile the country to a great reat extent through the prosperity of the farms this filet fact st lv pusa 61 t no 1111 mee oi of y civill giving the earth roal road evry every poss possible i eifle care and nt al iol in its lovati oti andl an borth road Pom composed posed of water boldwi holdi iv poil lionald he be ex x posed to tile lie sun stin and ilir hir ns arp ly us as possible its as comparison be tween the shaded bild sunny portion of luedi a rond will wih easily indi indicate ente this should be accomplished complis hed by clearing it a ent edt amount of trees and undergrowth away from the road rad it must be remembered however that sandy and gi gravely avely roads require 1 moisture and an d i in n th these ese cases some shade should be retained furthermore trees are beneficial along river banks and on steep grades subject to washing Drai drainage nuge is one of tile the most important points to consider in in tion with an earth road the ille majority of earth roads in in all mountains and hilly billy districts have to much r occasionally nally a road will be found with five dit ditches clies three in the middle made by the horses hoofs and by wheels of tile the vehicles and two ou on the sides side 9 all well constructed earth roads ore are supposed to have no more than two ditches one on each side of the traveled road way keep the water out 0 of f the middle of the road by giving it a crown of elevation in ill the center of aj 7 inches above the top of t the lie inner slope of the ditch for a i 20 foot road and where the hills are it a little steep make tle tie crown 10 inches with a crown of about I 1 inch to the foot from the center to the sides tile the ditches which are often built bialt across aaros the road on steep grades to deflect the water will not he be needed instead of carrying anter across the road in open ditches aitches tided tiled or concrete drains should if possible be provided they should haven have sufficient capacity and fall to cairy the maximum maxim inn amount of water that is expected flow through them ut at any one tit time no the capacity is increased in proportion to the fall of grade for instance 12 inch pipe laid on a one per cent grade will carry gallons per minute while tile the same pipe laid on oil a two per cent grade will carry 2500 gallons per minute furthermore a culvert laid flat fiat will soon fill fil up while one oie having a good incline will keep itself elear in the maintenance rice of an earth road avoid the mistake of hanging changing the natural order of triin things s naturally the soil is found on top and the clay on the bottom if this order is re versed in iii constructing a road the result will be less satisfactory than if the soil bo be left at the top of the road for soil makes anake a better surface to a road than clay if the road bed is is largely clay to start with it will be well to place sandy soil or clear clean sand on top A coveri covering fig of 6 to lo 10 inches of sandi sand upon clay that persists in breaking up into deep mud holes will usually be satisfactory and if sand enough be added this clay will cease to inake mod baud if the roadbed is composed of sands sand it can be improved by an application of clay the rule for a serviceable earth road rifen is as follows make d ditches c on oil each side and keep them open haul sand and gravel upon sections needing this treatment use a road machine and a split log drag judiciously a full description of which will be contained in a later article follow the stitch in n time lule iule and give an earth road the same saine careful persistent attention you would give your prize acre factory or store and it will pay as large a profit in p proportion ro portion to your individual outlay |