OCR Text |
Show NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENT EVENTS Progress of the Anti-Evolution Trial Civil War in China Is Renewed. By EDWARD W. P1CKARD YOU can't get away from the Tennessee Ten-nessee evolution case, if you read the daily papers or listen in on the radio. Although Dayton is disappointed disappoint-ed in the number of visitors attracted attract-ed by the trial, there are swarms of reporters and new:s photographers there, all exceedingly busy. Considerable Consider-able progress was made in the first week of the case. The defense made another attempt to stop the trial by asking Judge Raulston to quash the indictment on the ground that the anti-evolution law Is unconstitutional. In denying the motion the judge ruled that the law does not violate the right of free worship or free speech, and does not violate section 1 of the fourteenth four-teenth amendment to the federal Constitution Con-stitution which provides that no man shall be deprived of his life, liberty or property except by due process of law, and thnt all men shall enjoy equal rights under the law. On every point brought up by it the defense was overruled. Though defeated in this matter, the motion to quash gave Clarence Darrow his first good chance for oratory and argument, and it also laid the ground for carrying the case on up to the Supreme Su-preme court. The Chicago agnostic made a stirring speech in which he asserted that unless constitutional guarantees were upheld in this case, unless the anti-evolution law were killed, the liberties of church and press aud school would be taken away. He described the theory of evolution as a wonderful conception of the processes of life in which was a God who did not stop when he made the first man out of dust, but works on forever and forever. for-ever. He declared the fundamentalists were leading America back to the Sixteenth Six-teenth century of ignorance and bigot ry and denounced Bryan as "the man responsible for this foolish, mischievous mischiev-ous and wicked act." There were many sharp exchanges between 'counsel, but during the first days Mr. Bryan generally kept his seat, biding his time. In another matter the defense met early defeat. Judge Raulston Raul-ston started in by having the day's proceedings opened with prayer. To this Darrow and Malone made formal objection, arguing that the case was one in which the state claimed there was a conflict' between science and religion re-ligion and thnt prayers might unduly influence the jury. The judge ruled against them, saying this was a matter mat-ter wholly within the discretion of the court. Attorney Hays for the defense asked that other ministers than the fundamentalists of Dayton be selected to deliver the prayers, and on Wednesday Wednes-day the invocation was by Rev. Dr. Charles Francis Potter of New York, Universalist, who was expected to he a witness for the defense later on. The jury was sworn in and Attorney General Gen-eral Stewart briefly stated the case of the prosecution. Mr. Malone followed fol-lowed with a statement of the defense's de-fense's case in the course of which he said : "While the defense thinks there is a conflict between evolution and tlia Old Testament we believe there is no conflict between evolution and Christianity. Christi-anity. There may be a conflict between be-tween evolution and the peculiar Ideas of Christianity such as are held by Mr. Bryan, the evangelist leader of the prosecution ; but we deny that the evangelical leader of the prosecution Is an authorized spokesman for the Christians of the United States. The defense maintains that there is a clear distinction between (iod. the church, the Bible. Christianity, anil Mr. Bryaa. "We shall prove our philosophy ami prineiples from lhe lips of witnesses who are a part of the prosecution." The court here sustained oli jeet ions of the state to the mention of Bryan by natae, whereupon Malone. ,-;,li';:i,' thai pMltt:mn "the evatl-'el I ' -M 1 spokesman j 1 1 10 pi-ose.-n! i,m." ijimH from an I art written by Bryan - y.:rs ,u.. uti JetTeison's ideas ul reiiions free- j dom. In this article Bryan said that religion does not need the support of government to overcome error and that any attempt to compel people to accept a religious doctrine by act of law does not make Christians, but hypocrites. Malone added : "We of the defense appeal ap-peal from his (Bryan's) fundamentalist views of today to his philosophical views of yesterday, when he was a modernist, from our point of view." Seven witnesses for the state were called to the stand, some of them being pupils of Scopes. They testified that Scopes taught the theory of evolution, and this being all the state desired to show, It rested its case. The defense introduced the first of its witnesses, Dr. Maynard M. Metcalf, former professor pro-fessor of zoology In Oberlin college, Ohio. Attorneys for the prosecution objected to the competency of scientific scien-tific testimony in the case and, the Jury being excluded, the judge had Doctor Metcalf answer the questions the defense de-fense desired to ask concerning the nature of the theory of evolution. He outlined the fundamental proofs of evolution, evo-lution, and concluded : "The series of proofs are so convincing that any informed in-formed man cannot doubt the probability proba-bility of man's evolution." Next day the attorneys began their arguments for and against the admission admis-sion of expert testimony by scientist's and others. William J. Bryan, Jr., opened for the prosecution. Bryan senior followed his son with an Impassioned plea for revealed religion, re-ligion, for the Bible's account of creation crea-tion and for salvation. He lambasted the scientists, most of whom he said did not believe in God, and made scathing scath-ing allusions to Darrow with particular partic-ular reference to the Loeb-Leopold case. Then came Dudley Field Malone with an eloquent presentation of the case for science and a demand for freedom to search for the truth. He had no words derogatory of the Bible or of religion, and he won fully as much applause as did Mr. Bryan. CIVIL war has really broken out again in China, and this may prevent pre-vent the calling of a conference to revise re-vise the treaties. Anyhow, France and Japan seem disposed to stand by Great Britain in her objection to any such revision at this time. President Cool-idge's Cool-idge's position, made public after a conference with Secretary Kellogg and ,-;r.., i,,, t Tin a r., a r. ....... his arrival in Peking, is that the foreign for-eign powers and China must scrupulously scrupu-lously observe the Washington conference confer-ence pacts and that China must take adequate measures for the protection of foreigners. The President also has more than intimated that it would be wise to hold soon an international conference con-ference to revise China's unequal treaties, trea-ties, Although it' was expected the civil war would tirst appear In the provinces of Chekiang and Kiangsu, where Chang Tso-lin was sending troops to combat the military governor, Sun Chuang-fang, It was in Szechuan province prov-ince that hostilities broke out. Yang Sen, the government general, attacked at-tacked rival commanders near Chungking. Chung-king. Negotiations for the settlement of the Shanghai controversy arising from the riots and killing of students seem doomed to failure because the foreigners foreign-ers themselves are quarreling. Peking refuses to treat with Great Britain alone in the matter. The Chinese charge that the foreigners In Shanghai have attempted to set up an Independent Independ-ent state which Is not responsible to any foreign government. The Latin and Scandinavian settlements assert that the Shanghai settlement Is responsible re-sponsible to the powers, who have the right to remove munlclpnl officers, but the British, Americans and Japanese oppose this view. Municipal offielals claim that neither the powers nor the Chinese have any right to Interfere in the Shanghai settlement. TING VICTOR EMMANUKL of Italy, aeeording to an announcement announce-ment by the secretary of the Fascist party, lias siirned a general amnesty order, effective AuL'ust , which presumably pre-sumably set free, among many others, the six Fascist leaders who are accused of the murder of Deputy Mat-tentti. Mat-tentti. This news aroused the opposition oppo-sition parties to stl'-li an extent thnt sen-u-niinjl measure's were planned to i n ;i ' : : i c the king tmt to irciude thos" ! tiuTi in the amnesty. A document was prepared for presentation to the king asserting that a Fascist terrorist organization or-ganization similar to the Russian clieka exists in Italy with the approval of Premier Mussolini to get rid of tho opposition leaders. The London Telegraph says there la in existence an energetic International campaign to overthrow Mussolini and the Fascist regime and thnt "occult forces, from Wall street to Vienna and from Milan to Moscow, are working to this end." They are said to have adopted the method of "boring from withiu" ind to be well supplied with funds. DEFLVVfLY refusing to resign at the demands of his political enemies, ene-mies, Foreign Minister Stresemann of Germany will stand or fall on the success of his security pact negotiations negotia-tions with Great Britain and France, and he has drafted his reply to the French note, though Its contents have not been made public. It is said Stresemann thinks his plan will enable en-able Germany to free Itself from the Rnpallo treaty and Russia aud would go far toward preventing a war between be-tween the western powers and Russia fought on German soil. TN A desperate attempt to break through the Taza-Fez line and capture cap-ture the CMpital before the French and Spanish get their co-operative campaign cam-paign working, Abd-el-Krim began an attack with all his forces along a 200-mile 200-mile front. The Riflians passed the French blockhouse line and were fight- : -. -ing about 2" miles north o Fez and 20 miles north of Ta.a. Many more ; tribesmen hitherto friendly to the French or neutral have been induced to join the Rift chief. France is hurrying hurry-ing reinforcements and has called for volunteers. Premier Painleve has ae-. cepted the offer of a number of Americans, Ameri-cans, formerly of the Lafayette Ks-cadrille Ks-cadrille and the Foreign Legion, to enter the Sultan's army for the Morocco war and to form an aerial unit. Among these Americans are Commander Parker Par-ker of Montana, who in the war commanded com-manded the American seaplane defense de-fense along the Italian coasts; Maj. Granville Pollock and Col. Charles Kerwood of New York, Paul Rockwell of Atlanta, Ga., and Maj. William Rogers of Pittsburgh, Pa. T AST week President Coolidge - ' pretty nearly passed up till Business Busi-ness for rest and diversion. With Mrs. Coolidge he sailed on the Mayflower to Quincy on the Boston south shore, where he inspected the Lexington, the navy's big new airplane carrier now Hearing completion, and then moloreil to the two old colonial cottages where Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams were born. Tuesday the President gave a luncheon for Count Alexander Skrzynskl, Polish minister of foreign affairs; Assistant Secretary of State J. Butler Wright ; James C. White, special secretary to Senator Butler of Massachusetts. John Hays Hammond, and Melville H. Stone, counselor for the Associated Press. DNCLHTSAM is advertising for bids from individuals and corporations for the operation of eight contract air mull routes. These routes tire: From Chicago to Birmingham, Ala., by way of Indianapolis, Louisville, Nashville and return. From Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis Min-neapolis by way of La Crosse, Wis., and return , From Chicago to Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, by way of Mollne. St. Joseph, Kansas City, Wichita ami Oklahoma City, and return. From Chicago to St. Louis by way of Springfield, III., ami return. From Boston to New York hy way of Hartford, Conn., and return. From Elko, Nev., to Pasco, Wash., by way of Boise, Idaho, and return. From Salt Lake City to Los Angelci by way of Las Vegas, Nev., and return. From Seattle, Wash., to Los Angeles hy way of Portland, Medford. Sacramento, Sacra-mento, San Francisco, Fresno and Bnkersfiold. STANDARD OIL COMPANY of New Jersey lias adopted the ei-ht hour day instead of the twelve in its oil fields, and has readjusted the w.:ge seal,, so that tiie men receive only ts for the shorter day. The employees em-ployees aL'reerl enthusiastically to tho new schedule. |