Show r II T nn fir WILSONS WILSON'S ADDRESS I I. t. f fI I The speech delivered by President i Wilson Vilson to the members of the United I r 21 a short synopsis IS of which was published published pub pub- I in these columns last week has cr created such a profound rw sion Ion throughout the civilized world Jf that we have llave decided to reproduce Ji it in full this week For the first 1 1 time in years a president addressed address address- re t- t ed the senate on our 11 foreign rela rela- i The address Is so wonderful that it will be quoted for the next years I It is as follows s Gentlemen of the senate j On the of December last I addressed an identical note to tho the governments of the nations now at war requesting them to state more I I s definitely than had llad yet been stated by group of belligerents the Ules terms upon which they would deem it possible to make peace I spoke on behalf bellaU of humanity and of the rights of all neutral nations like our vital interests in in- I own Wll many of ot whose most the war puts in constant jeopardy The Tice C Central Powers united in a reply which stated merely that they j I were ready to meet their antagonists i- i a. a Isis r in n conference to discuss terms j of p peace ace 1 The Entente Powers have replied much l more definitely and nd have stated stat stat- h 1 fO t ed in general terms Indeed but with J i i sufficient definiteness to imply dei de tails the arrangements guarantees t of ot reparation which the they acts and n tl deem to be the indispensable conditions condi condl of a satisfactory settlement We are that much nearer a definite 1 L t slon of of the which i nite nUe discussion peace tJ- tJ shall hall end the present We are aref aret f that much nearer the discussion of t r- r r P. P the international concert which must thereafter hold the world at peace peace- r. r I- I Jn In every discussion of the peace that r must end this war it is taken for that must be he given given given tt- tt g granted anted that peace definite concert of or power en b by some Gome i v which which will make it virtually impossible II t sible that any such catastrophe should ever overwhelm u us again I Irs f Every lover of or mankind every sane and nd thoughtful man must take talce that f for granted E I I lave ve h ve sought this opportunity to address you because I th thought that t I. I Of i J owed It to you as the tho council associated as as- with me in the tho final determination determination detert deter deter- t t of f our International to disclose to your you without the thought and purpose that p g reserve I I have luve been taking form forn In my mind InIc In Jn y Icv Ic v I iT regard to the duty of our govern government govern govern- ment meat In these days to come when It will be ue necessary to lay afresh and upon a new plan the foundation of peace among the nations P Part rt of American People It is Inconceivable that the people people peo peo- of ot the he United States should play pIa no part in that great enterprise To take part in such a service wl will be bethe bethe the opportunity for which they have sought to prepare themselves b by the very principles and purposes of their polity 1 and the approved practices of or their government ever since the days das when they set up a anew new new nation in the nigh and honorable hope that it might in all that it was and did show mankind the way to liberty They cannot In honor withhold the service to which they are now now about to be challenged They do not wish to withhold it But they owe it to themselves and to the other nations of the world to state the conditions under which they will render it That service Is nothing less than this this to to add their authority and their power to the authority and force of other nations to guarantee peace and justice throughout the tho world Such a settlement cannot now be long Pos postponed It is right that before it comes this government government government govern govern- ment should frankly formulate the conditions upon which it would feel justified in asking our people to approve approve approve ap ap- prove its formal and solemn r rence rence ence to a league for peace I am am hero bere to attempt to state those con- con The Tile present war must muse first be ended but we owe it to candor and to a just regard for the opinion of mankind to say that so 80 far tar as our participation in guarantees of or future peace is concerned It makes a great de deal l of difference in what way and upon Ullon what terms it Is ended The treaties and agreements which bring it to an end must embody terms term which will create a peace that is worth guaranteeing and preserving a a peace that will win the time approval of ot mankind not merely a peace that will serve tho several interests and immediate ate aims alms of the nations cr en en engaged We shall have llave no voice in ind d determining what those terms shall shaU be but w wo shall I feel sure have a voice In m determining whether they shall b made lasting or not by uy th the guarantees of a universal covenant Continued on Page Three o 0 j WILSONS WILSON'S ADDRESS 0 Continued from Page One what la is Jun- Jun fundamental y and our judgment upon and essential as a condition precedent to permanency should be bespoke f. f spoke poke now not afterwards when it may nay be too late The Kind of Peace Cc ti i No ANo covenant of cooperative peace o that does not Include the peoples of or Y the new world can suffice to xo keep the Jf future future safe against war and yet there t Is only one sort of peace that the peor peo- peo r America could join in guaran guaran- t teeing J The elements of that peace must c lie be lie elements that engage the contI j. j i dance donee and satisfy fy the principles of ii h. h the American governments elements r w r consistent with their political faith ti sm and 1 the practical convictions which I c the peoples peoples peoples' of have once 7 for all embraced and undertaken en to defendI defend defend- III I I do not mean to say that any t American government would throw any obstacle in tho the way of or any anI terms of peace the governments now a aV af at 1 fl r rJ J- J V f fr l war vor might t agree upon or seek to upset them when made whatever er they might be I only take it for granted that mere terms of ot peace pe between between be be- tween the belligerents will not satisfy satis saUs- satisfy fy CY even cn the belligerent themselves A Guarantor Necessary ry Mere rero agreements make not peace sure It will be absolutely necessary sary that a force Corce be created as a guarantor guarantor guarantor guar guar- antor of ot the tho permanency of or the settlement settlement settlement set set- so much greater geater than the tho force Coree of any nation now engaged or any alliance hitherto formed or projected projected projected pro pro- that no nation no probable combination of or nations could face faco or withstand it ft If the peace presently presently pres Ares to bo be e made Is to end endure lre it must be bo a peace made secure by the organized major force of mankind The terms of oC the immediate peace agreed upon will determine whether there thore is a peace where such guaran- guaran tee ee can bo be secured The question upon which the whole future peace and policy of the world depends Is this What Is Comin Coming of the lie War Var Is IS the he presen present war a struggle le for fora I x a just lust and secure ur peace a or only tot for tota tora a new balance of power who will guarantee who can guarantee th the stable equilibrium of the tho nev new arrangement ar ar- Only a tranquil Europe can be a stable Europe There must be not a balance of power but a community of power not organized rivalries but an organized common Fortunately we have rec received very explicit assurances on this point The statesmen of both of the groups i of ot nations now arrayed against one another have said In terms that could not be misinterpreted that it was no part of the purpose they had hadIn hadin hadn In n mind to crush their antagonists But the implications of these assurances assurances assurances assur assur- ances may roay not be equally clear to allmay allmay all allmay may may not be the tho same on both sides of the water I think it will be serviceable serviceable ser ser ser- If It I 1 attempt to set forth what we understand them to beThey beThey be They Imply first of ot all that It must be a peace without victory Itis It Itis Its is s not pleasant to say this I beg that I may be permitted to put m my myown myown own interpretation upon it and that it t may be understood that no other Interpretation was In my in-my my thought I Iam Iam Iam am seeking only to face tace realities and ando to o face them without soft sott conceal conceal- ment Victory would mean peace forced upon the lower a let victors victor's ors or's terms erms Imposed upon the vanquished It would be adopted In humiliation under duress at an Intolerable sacrifice sac and would leave a sting a resentment a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest not permanently but hut only as upon quicksand Only a peace between equals can last only a peace the very principle of or which is equality and a common participation in a common benefit The light tight state of mind the right feeling between nations nations nations na na- na- na Is as necessary for a lasting peace as Is the Just settlement of vexed questions of ot territory or of or racial ra- ra cial lal and national allegiance Nature of ot Guarantee e eThe The equality of nations upon which peace must be founded If it it itis Itis is to last must be an eq of rights the guarantees exchanged must neither recognize nor imply a difference between big nations and small between those that are powerful powerful pow pow- I erful and those that are weak Right must be based upon the common strength not upon the Ind Individual vidual vidual strength of the nations upon whose concert peace will depend Equality of or territory or of or resources there thereof of course cannot be nor any other ther sort of equality not gained In the ordinary peaceful and legitimate development development development de de- de- de of or the peoples themselves But no one asks or expects any anything anything thing more than an equality of rights Mankind is looking now for freedom of 11 life fe not for of power And there Is a deeper thing involved in- in involved involved in in- than even equality of ot right among organized nations No peace can last lass or ought to last which does not recognize and accept the principle that governments derive all their just powers from the consent of or the governed and that no right anywhere exists to hand peoples About bout from sovereignty to sovereignty sovereign sovereign- ty as if they were property I take It or granted for instance if iC 1 I may mayve ve venture upon a single example that statesmen n everywhere are agreed that there should be a united independent independent Independent inde Inde- pendent and autonomous Poland and that h henceforth Corth inviolable security of or life lire of ot worship and of industrial and social development should be bb guaranteed to all al peoples who have lived hitherto under the power of or govern governments devoted to a faith and purpose hostile to their own I speak of or this not not not- because of any desire to exalt an abstract politIcal political pout ical principle which has always been held beld very ery dear by those those who have sought to build i r p IJ liberty In America but for tho the same reason that I have spoken of or the tho other conditions of peace which seems to me clear clearly y Ip dispensable because I wish frankl frankly to uncover unco realities Any peace which does not recognize and accept this principle will inevitably be up up- set It will not rest upon the affectations af af- af- af or the convictions of ot man kind The ferment of spirit of whole populations will fight subtly and constantly constantly con con- against it and all the world will sympathize The world can be beat beat beat at peace only If its life UCe Is stable and there can be no stability where the tho will is in rebellion where there is Ie not tranquility of ot spirit and a sens sense of justice freedom and right nl Right ht of or Access J to the Sea So far tal as practicable moreover every great people now struggling towards a full lull development of its resources resources resources re re- sources and of its powers should be assured a direct outlet to the great highways of the seas beas Where this cannot be bo done by the cession of territory It can no doubt be bo done b by the neutralization of direct rights of way under the general guarantee which will assure the peace itself With a right comity of arrangement no o nation 1 ti m need b be shut ut away from I free reo ree access to the open p paths oi ot the worlds world's commerce And the 1 paths a hs of ot the sea must aUl alike in law and in fact be be- free Tho The freedom of the seas Is the sine qua non noil of peace equality and co co- co- co operation No doubt a somewhat radical reconsideration of or many of 01 the rules of International practice hitherto sought to be established may maybe maybe maybe be necessary in in order to make the theseas theseas II seas Indeed tree free and common In practically all circumstances for the use of ot mankind but the motive e for such changes Is convincing and com com- There can be no trust or intimacy between the peoples of the world without them The free constant constant constant con con- stant un threatened Intercourse of nations nations nations na na- na- na is an essential part of or the process oC or peace peace and of develop develop- ment It need neel not be he difficult to define or orto to secure the freedom of or ortho tho the seas if the governments of or the world sincerely desire to come to toan toan an au agreement concerning it il l Limitation of Arm Armament menu It lt is a problem closely connected with the limitation of naval armaments armaments armaments arma arma- ments and the cooperation of the navies nales of the world in keeping the theseas theseas theseas seas at once free and safe sate And the question of limiting naval armaments opens the wider and perhaps more difficult question of or the limitation of armies and of all programs of or military military mili mili- tary ry preparation Difficult Difficult and and and- delite delicate deli deli- oath cate te as these q questions are they must be faced with the utmost candor and decided In a spirit of real accommodation accommodation accommodation dation if fr peace Is to come conio with healing healing healing heal heal- ing in Its wings and come come to sta stay Peace cannot be had without concession concession concession con con- cession and sacrifice There can can he be beno heno heno no sense of safety and equality among the nations if It great preponderating armaments are henceforth to continue continue con con- here and there to be bu built lt up and aud maintained The statesmen of the world must plan for peace nations nations nations na na- na- na must adjust and accommodate their policy to do it as they have planned for war and made ready for pitiless contest ands and rivalry The question of ox armaments whether on onland onland land or sea Is the most Immediately Immediate immediate- ly ly and intensely practical question connected with the tho future fortunes of nations and and- of many kinds Speaks for Mankind I 1 have spoKen th those these se great matters without reserve and with th the utmost explicitness because it ha has seemed to me to bo be necessary 1 if it th the worlds world's yearning desire for tor p peace ce wa was anywhere to find free tree voice and ut ut- ut- ut terance Perhaps I am the only person In high authority amongst al althe all the peoples of the tho world who is a at liberty to speak and |