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Show the yearly American wool clip was pooled by the growers. Four thousand shipping associations In the North Central Cen-tral states send 25 per cent of all the live stock sold In the terminal markets. There are dozens of co-operative marketing mar-keting associations for the handling of vegetables, poultry, hay, rice and seeds. Recently a national sales agency for selling fruit and vegetables for the various local and sectional associations opened oilices in 141 markets. mar-kets. There are now 14 state-wide potato exchanges and plans for a national na-tional federation have been drawn up. One-sixth of the 5,000,000 pounds of rice produced annually in the United States is marketed co-operatively. The past year eggs laid by ten million mil-lion hens in a dozen states were pooled for market. Last year Pacific coast poultrymen sent 1,000 carloads of white eggs through the co-operative channel to New York. Large Sums for Advertising. Along with the expert salesmen the furmer Is hiring expert advertising men to handle great sales campaigns to sell producer-brands of raisins and oranges and butter and Ice cream and prunes. Producers are standardizing their products and advertising their brands both nationally and internationally. interna-tionally. In one year, 1922, four of the co-operative organizations alone spent over four million dollars on advertising. advertis-ing. Two and one-half million was spent by the Sun Maid raisin growers. During the past nine years over seven and a half million dollars have been spent advertising Sun Maid raisins. The California Fruit Growers' exchange, ex-change, representing the citrus growers grow-ers of the state appropriated over $SO0,000 for advertising In 1922. The appropriation for 1923 slightly exceeded ex-ceeded this amount. The prune growers grow-ers of California spent $400,000 telling the story of Sunsweet prunes. The Dairymen's league of Utlea, N. Y., appropriated ap-propriated $500,000 last year for advertising ad-vertising raw and semi-staple milk products. It Isn't easy to grasp the proportions of the co-operative movement. In a short decade these great corporations have risen out of tie yellow gold of wheat fields, from the orange and lemon and prune orchards of the West, from the Southern fields of tobacco and cotton corporations whose members mem-bers are the tillers of the field, the keepers of the orchards whose billion-dollar billion-dollar business is managed by experts and controlled by Its farmer members. In another ten years the American farmer will be the merchant prince ol the world. The security back of his million-dollar enterprises will be the support of every man who tills the soil, and the produce of every acre that stretches across the plains that lie between be-tween the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. At last the farmer has perfected a systematic method of collective selling sell-ing which gets results for him. He will never rest until all his major products are handled through his own sales department. FARM CO-OPERATIVE SELLING By GLENN G. HAYES (, 1921, Western Newspaper Unian.) More Than Million Farmers 1 Are Interested A LECTURER fresh from an eastern city was telling a group of Middle Western farmers how to manage the business of farming. "Boys," he said, "I have always found that If a fellow has a hard time keeping his head above water It's time for him to learn to keep out of the deep places." A tall, gray-haired farmer rose from his seat. "Just a minute, Mr. Speaker you have us farmers all wrong. We aren't afraid of the deep water. That's where we do our best swimming. We nil belong to co-operative marketing associations. Perhaps you didn't know that they furnish life preservers for the fellows that can't swim alone. "A million farmers kept afloat that way during 1923." The farmer was right. More than a million American farmers have learned to keep up In deep water. They are the men who are making co-operative marketing the greatest farm organization organi-zation in the world. Last year 65 per cent of the citrus fruit produced in the United States, 80 per cent of the dried fruit, nearly three-fourths of the tobacco, one-half of the milk and butter, 10 per cent of the live stock, 15 per cent of the cotton, 60 per cent of the nuts and large amounts of such products as fruits, eggs, wool and vegetables traveled trav-eled the co-operative road to market. California Leads. There are now eight great national co-operative exchanges and 175 state federations. Territorial groups number num-ber over 112, while local marketing associations total over 12,000. California Cali-fornia leads all other states in the volume vol-ume of co-operatively marketed products, prod-ucts, last year sending half of her $500,000,000 crop to market through co-operative channels. The dried fruit Industries have the largest percentage of their groups completely com-pletely organized. Ninety per cent of the raisins, 85 per cent of the prunes and SO per cent of the dried figs, peaches and apricots are marketed cooperatively. co-operatively. Second best among the farmers' organized or-ganized industries are the tobacco groups of the South and East. Taking Tak-ing the association as a whole, they represent 227,800 growers. Seventy per cent of all the tobacco used in the United States was handled through these associations during 1923. All this great work of tobacco organization organiza-tion has been done in a period of less than two years. Perhaps the third best organized American commodity is the nut industry. indus-try. Over 90 per cent of the American Ameri-can almonds, 95 per cent of the walnuts wal-nuts and 50 per cent of the Jumbo white peanuts are handled through the fanners' marketing associations. Interstate and state dairy groups are now marketing one-fourth of the nation's milk and butter supply. During Dur-ing 1923 there were nearly 200 cooperative co-operative milk marketing associations, 1,610 co-operative creameries and over 2,800 co-operative cheese factories. Plans are now under way for the forming of a national co-operative dairy sales agency to handle the business busi-ness of all the co-operative associations. associa-tions. The wheat marketing machine has barely mode Its start. Yet, between four and five per cent of the nation's wheat was handled by co-operatives during the past season. Today there are two national organizations and twelve state units. Plans are now under un-der way for the consolidation of all the wheat organizations into one unit under the direction of the National Wheat Growers' Advisory committee. In every grain section of the country coun-try are .the local farmers' elevator companies, some 5,210 of them In all. These elevators have a membership of over 550,000 and a capital of $90,-000,000. $90,-000,000. The annual value of the grain handled averages over $325,000,000. In 1922 the California Fruit Growers' Grow-ers' exchange marketed 68 per cent of the citrus fruit of the state and a group of other' co-operatives handled between 10 and 15 . per cent of the crop. In Florida 40 per cent of the citrus crop was marketed through an association of growers. Fully 65 per cent of the citrus crop In the United States goes to market through a pool. Fruit Also Handled. Fresh fruit associations Include more than 400 separate local units and about a dozen larger organizations. More than 25 per cent of California's deciduous fruits are sold by the California Cali-fornia Fruit exchange alone. Sixty-five Sixty-five per cent of the peach crop In the state of Georgia travels the co-operative road to market. Sixty per cent of the peors and berries of western Oregon, one-fourth of New York's grapes, 35 per cent of California's pears and a good share of its berries are handled co-operatively. The past year 12 per cent of the cotton crop was marketed through the cotton pools. In Texas, where 25 per cent of the nation's crop Is grown, 12 per cent of the state's acreage is signed up under a five-year contract. The American Cotton Growers' exchange ex-change acts as an overhead agency for the 12 member state associations. In 1923 more than 10 per cent of |