Show 1111 FAMOUS S PEACE TREATIES f. f By H. H IRVING Il KING Copyright 1919 by the l' l McClure News Newspaper paper Syndicate TREATY OF VIENNA 1864 and Holstein to Prussia The treaty of Vienna Yenna signed In 1804 1864 I between Denmark on one side and Austria and Prussia on the other put an end to the war which the two latter powers had been waging against the former and tore the Ule duchies of SchlesWig Schleswig Wig and find Holstein from the Danish crown The revolutionary spirit which had swept Ge Germany many In 1848 had gradually gradually gradually grad grad- I died away and a period of reaction re- re action had set In Nowhere was the reaction so strong as ns In Prussia In 1857 Frederick William WilHam under whom Prussia had suffered so man many humiliatIons humiliations became Insane and his brother William WIlIn 1 became first regent and earl early In 18 1801 1 king lie Ile was a of the true type deeply imbued with the spirit of militarism Bismarck had already made for himself a n reputation tion as the exponent of force and the new kin king employed him as a'S Just the theman theman theman man he wanted to work out his plans William proposed a great Increase In Inthe Inthe inthe the Prussian um amy and navy y and when the Prussian parliament rejected his plans sent for Bismarck and making him president minister told him to tame the parliament He tamed it lt or acted without It as he lie pleased The German problem he lie told them could not be he solved by decrees but b by blood and Iro iron He forced bills through by employing em- em plo every means In his power he Instituted the army reforms he framed a n trade treaty with France which Austria declared unfriendly and upon Austria's protesting he recognIzed recognized recognized the new kingdom of Italy lie He dispatched an ultimatum to the elector of Hesse which brought that potentate potentate potentate poten poten- tate to reason with regard to the af nf- affairs affairs fairs of his electorate Illegal and Arbitrary Powers To the Austrian delegate to the diet Count ancestor of the Count who has Just pla played ed so important Important important im Im- a n part in the affairs of Hungar Hungary Hun Hun- gary gar lie gary he he hend said nd Our relations with Austria must soon become either better better better bet bet- ter or worse worse worse-we we sincerely desire the farmer former of the two alternatives His entire policy was directed to driving Austria out of ot Germany and giving to Prussia the hegemony of the er In other words Austria was to be driven out and Prussia would eat up what remained To build up Prussia King William WIlHam did not hesitate to use Illegal and arbitrary power paver Von Moltke l appeared In the military councils of Prussia and tl the e country I was at once thoroughly militarized The Polish Insurrection In 1803 1863 gave Bismarck a chance to make moke friends with Ru Russia sn and he that If It Russia RussIn were driven out t Df f t Poland Prussia would march In The fine he affairs of the duchies duches gave Bismarck another another an an- other opportunity The Danish government gov gov- government ov emment had prepared a constitution for fOI Schleswig which made that duchy an an Integral part of the lie Danish kingdom kingdom kingdom king king- dom which was contrary to the last of the man many settlements of the Schleswig Holstein question The Germanic confederation refused to take tale any steps and Bismarck mado made advances to Austria Austria lie he would en- en her and then destroy destray her The Danes counted upon aid from France and England In both of which countries there had been an outbreak of ot s sympathy for a n small nation menaced menaced men men- aced by two powerful ones and In March of 1803 1863 a royal proclamation Issued at nt Copenhagen repudiated the settlement pf 1852 1552 and offered the gage of battle Beginning of War On January Januar 16 10 1804 Prussia and Austria sent an nn ultimatum to Denmark Denmark Den Den- mark marl demanding that list the constitution of SchleswIg be withdrawn within two days The Danish foreign minister pointed out that as the Danish parliament parliament parlia parlia- ment was not nt In session this was Im im- possible The Prussian troops massed on the theElder theElder Elder Eider at once crossed the frontier and war began Austrian troops Joined the Prussians and the Danes fought valiantly but unavailingly against the Invaders The fortress of fellon fell fellon fellon on April 18 and the Danes driven from the mainland took refuge on the island of at Alsen There came a pause In the war and a conference of the powers was hastily assembled In Lon Lon- don But Bismarck would listen to no compromise and the war was renewed It was now clear that Prussia designed designed de de- de- de sl signed ned both the duchies for her herself elf but while Austria saw this she was scared by uy a fire In the rear For taking tal advantage of Austria's en engagements engagements engage engage- age age- ments elsewhere Italy was threatening threatening threaten threaten- ing Venetia Prussian troops had already already al al- al- al ready really crossed the lie borders of Jutland and were prepared for far advance Denmark surrendered and the peace treaty was sl signed ned at Vienna on October October Octo Octo- ber bel 30 B By It Denmark relinquished both duchies to be administered jointly joint joint- ly b by Austria A and Prussia |