Show HESSIAN FLY IS I II I MOST MOs T INJURIOUS Insect Is Found Throughout Al Almost Almost Almost Al- Al most the Entire Winter Wheat Region EGGS HATCH INTO MAGGOTS t I IOnly tOnly Only Known n Means of Preventing Damage From Pest Is to Keep It Out Out Brown Brown Flaxseeds May MayI 1 I E BE Detected in Winter Prepared by the United States Department Department Department Depart Depart- ment of A Agriculture The Hessian fly found throughout almost the entire winter-wheat winter region Is a 3 minute fly which lays Its eggs upon the leaves of wheat These eggs hatch into little maggots which crawl down Into the leaf sheaths There they live upon the plants plant's sap which they obtain by gnawing Into the soft portions of the stem Usually two but sometimes three or more generations of ot the insect in- in Insect Insect In In- sect occur during a year One main main generation generation of flies files appears In the fall the large proportion of the maggots becoming grown full-grown before beCore the severe se weather of winter arrives m The Hessian Fly Fly Adult Adult Female Much Enlarged when hen they change Into brown forms known as flaxseeds These may be found within the leaf sheaths In young wheat plants usually at or beneath the surface of the soil These flaxseeds produce the spring generation of flies These In turn lay eggs from which hatch maggots maggots maggots mag mag- gots that cause great Injury to wheat noticed about harvest time when the straws break off and the crop is said to be straw fallen After the Hessian fly has once thoroughly thoroughly thor thor- thoroughly Infested the crop of wheat thenIs there then is no known means of saving It and the only known means of preventing damage from the fly Is to keep It out of the wheat For this reason the young wheat should be examined thoroughly In order order order or or- der that the presence of ot the time brown flaxseeds may be detected late Inte In winter or very early In the spring and und If these are found to be present In large numbers it will pay to plow down the wheat at once and prepare to plant corn oats or some other crop In Its place In this way the fertilizing value I of the green crop will be retained Ic is the soil and it will still be possible to secure a 8 crop of grain or vegetables from the field during the current year Preventive Remedies The remedies for the Hessian fly are entirely preventive pre and are as follows follows follows fol fol- fol- fol lows 1 Immediately after harvest or oras as soon eoon thereafter as practicable plow the wheat stubble down deeply at least five Inches deep if It possible In order to destroy the maggots and flaxseeds flax seeds needs which may remain In It This Is for the protection of future crops 2 Pay great attention to the preparation prep prep- oration of the seed bed for the wheat packing g the soil thoroughly In order by plowing early and working and to eliminate lumps and duds clods thus S producing a n finely pulverized compact and moisture conserving bed for tho seed J I 3 Destroy all aU volunteer wheat by plowing or disking as ns such wheat serves to carry the flies lies over from faUto fall faU to spring sprint even even though h most of the fields of wheat have been treated properly properly prop prop- erly and contain no flies One field neld fieldIn In which volunteer wheat Is allowed to remain may breed enough Hessian flies files to Infest a whole neighborhood where the grain Is otherwise free from the fly 4 Take care that the sowing of wheat In the fall faU is delayed eil until the free fly-free date Information regarding this date can be obtained by Applying to your count county agricultural agent your state experiment station or to the nearest entomological field station of at the tile United States department of agriculture ug 5 Practice a n good rotation of crops crop wherever where possible G Secure the operation co-operation of tune tIle entire community in following the methods mention mentioned cd This Is absolutely absolute absolute- ly h essential in order that satisfactory results e may be obtained |