Show MILLIONS OF BUSHELS OF HUMAN FOOD CONSERVED BY OPERATION OF MACHINES 0 4 4 TIP S it A ie i e 14 ig e 1 e t J P f V fc FA 4 THRASH WITH GARE AND ELIMINATE WASTE OF GRAIN prepared by the united state department of 01 culture ae S a e the waste of grain through the inefficient operation of thru ahl machines though not a serious matter to the individual farmei farr nei Is a matter of per bips millions of bushels to the nution as a whole hole aud and to the nations 0 that just now are looking to us for food to ward word off famine e aca we me consider that there are fanne farms in the tilt united states it Is evident that 9 a waste of only a bushel a met 0 would be an enormous loss in the aggregate if the thrashing machines of the country wasted masted only three or four bushels of out of every thousand they thrash fie vie loss of flient alone in the united slates every year would mould equal a quantity lelent to furnish a normal supply of bread ti to a million people for nearly half a year the present importance of keeping thrashing machines nt at their highest polut of efel clency thus Is easily been u it Is probably not possible to bave save all the grain ven with the most edtl dent cleat operation under ill best beat field conditions Ilo however eier the cart canless less operator who does not know just what the dif different frent parts of his tile machine urn are for or who doce does not vatch them cle cit 0 o ly while fille the separator Is running may waste a great amount of grain unnecessarily essa rily me lie will mill surely have to make frequent sipi for rep drs and adjustments every time a machine stops he the whole crew usually several men and teams must be idle until it starts again a ti hs h s of time to everybody concerned failure to separate if a machine falls to separate parate Be all the grain a from the stra straw it Is usually due to one or more of the follon following ving causes 1 the machine Is not being ruo run at its proper speed 2 it Is being crowded beyond its capacity 3 the calinder 0 under falls to thrash all the kernels out of the heads 4 the separating Is not level or 5 the blast Is not adjusted properly cracked grain Is another source of waste maste which may become serious crocked grain may way be due to excessive speed of the cylinder to the cI cylinder Inder alne i too close to the concave teeth or to grain being returned antho in alie tailings eleato and run through the cyl 1 inder repeatedly loss both from poor reparation ration and cracked grain can be prevented pren anted in a lal laigo go measure by proper adjustment of the machine and attention to it while tb IL operation reduce loi loss of timo the loss of time due to stops on he count of breakage and anti wearing parts setting out of adjustment so frequent with thrashing machines can bis be greatly reduced and the life of the tor lengthened appreciably if the ma chine chino Is overhauled preparatory to rg the reasons work and all the parts put in good repair and adjustment nod and afterward matched intelligently gent alle in operation if the grain la in to be bc thrashed rapidly and waste reduced tu to a minimum it Is that chii engine should have hae sufficient power end and the belt pulley ba be of the right hae to aja un the separator at the proper speed at all times the speed IQ in revolutions per minute at which A aich the cylinder should run Is invariably stated by the manufacturer in the tile in accompanying the machine 94 a 9 4 1 Is often on the machine itself A i of more that a few per cent either above or below this bated stated speed U sufficient to impair seriously the efficiency of be the entire ins chine rhine glace this Is EO so important the bould be sure that engine will jot only develop suf ficler power to drive the machine at the proper speed with the ordinary load but that it also has enough reserve deion ve power to maintain normal speed for a few seconds under a heavy load even with the most cartful careful feeding occasional choking will ill occur and nd if it the engine cannot main maintain talu its regular peed speed with a light slight overload more or less ins low loss of grain will he unavoidable dont guess at speed the operator should not guem at the speed or a the machine for a variation of 5 per cent may induce reduce its efficiency the only way to determine tomine de the speed as closely as am this Is to a nw aw w a elwed ludI indicator cator it if a speed bindl cator was as not furnished with the machine a good one can b be purchased for 3 2 or less one of thew these will last for yeam and will enable the thru sherman to determine at t any time the speeds at bach his him mar machine bIne la to running A tunch lati cannot be ex sted to do to exl good work dunlea the belt atiq nc pulley pulleys are kept in good conill N tion the speed at which the different parta parts should imn un and the rower required to drive them are carefully cat cl the pulleys must be kept in line agn w that the entire surface of the belt wll will run on them it if all the power la Is to be transmitted also the strain on a belt Is much gi filter enter if it it li Is allow alto cd to project over ever one side of a pulley an aal aol I 1 thus be pulled across the rim A belt will not stay on the pulleys unless taft th shafts are parallel it if a belt Is too loose there thero will be a constant tendency for it to blip slip on the pulleys and ani the imes which it drives will mill not have their kropi r speed such a belt also tends to ruu run off the pulleys and i wear ear out the belt and tha am pulley facings on the other hand a belt should not be too tight Uli whenever enever the lagging comes oft off a pulley it should be replaced immediately dia dla tely covered iron pulleys have considerably more adhesion than uncovered ones nl nt the fame size with u ith the same belt helt tension the important thing in covering a pulley Is to get the leather or other lagging as tight as po posilee otherwise Is will soon pull off again obviously the nails or riv ets should not be left projecting above 1116 surface to injure the belt running leather delta belts all leather belts should be run with the grain min or hair hali side next to the pulley 1 mhd outside of a belt must stretch A little every time it goes olef a pulley and as the aleh side Is more elastic thau than the hair side the belt will mill last longer lodger if run in this tills manner also the grain side Is 13 smoother and will mill transmit more power because it brings more surface into actual contact with the face of the pulley A leather belt belt which haa has become dry and hard can be made soft ind pliable again by cleaning it thoroughly and applying foot oil castor oil or some other reliable belt dressing ilasin or mixtures containing enough rosin to leave the surface of the bell belt in a sticky condition should not be used to keep belt from slipping will make the belt more adhesive foi fol a short time but it will soon become glazed and find blip slip more tha than n leoro the rosin was applied lubricating oil Is injurious to nil all kinds of belting which should be kept na as nearly free ps possible from this substance A leather leuther belt that baa has become saturated alth oil can bo restored in large men menbere bire by scra scraping it as clean as possible and picking it in dry sawdust for three or four day days sponging the belt with agni allne or e en dipping it will the oil guidy bully qu lly Idy too bucl gasoline however may take all the dressing out of the belt and it if it seems too tto dry after the gasoline ga solino lias line evaporated more dressing should be applied oil can be washed off a rubber belt with milli soap and water mater without injury to the belt the lacing of a belt be such much that it will mill pass liars over thep fab with little or no shock or jar jue A lacing should be fastened other he se than by tying a knot especially it if the belt run flint over an idler or service of separator the total amount of eenice which a separator will give depends more thau anything else upon the cure and of the bearings this Is 1 especially true trub of steel separators before the ins chine Is started on the is work it tc it imperative that it be agne g tie over carefully to see that all journals and boxes are in poper shape and lully fully supplied with ith oil since thy tile separator haa has so mray parte which move ut at a high rate of spee and the whole hole machine la Is subject to constant strain and vibration while in motion any parts that are not perfectly solid and tight are almost sure to give trouble before the earon season Is over the failure of rny ny one CD part will stop not only the machine mahine but the entire thrashing crew las s wil A good grade of oil should always be used oil of inferior grade will cause more wear on the bearings and may more frequent stopping lengthening the working life of a nia Ms chine chino us 63 expensive as all a separator by even a few days or the tile saving of only a few houn time urne by the crew will more ahn pay the difference between the cost mst of inferior interior and high grade cade oil X A good grado grads of light ell oil will coer the bearing bearings which it if Is intended to imbricate more inore thoroughly and quickly than will thick heavy ot a t in hot weather thicker and heavier oil can be used more satisfactorily than Is possible la in cotal weather A bearing aa Is more likely to be continually aubri bated when a small amount of oil la to applied frequently than when a lare quantity Is applied at rare Inter intervals vala if oil Is applied to a bearing while uw the ronchin machino la Is in motion it will lit IM bp quickly slid lid evenly over the leir bear le ir ins ing surface |