Show ie E FOR A FARM tractors factors to be consid deciding on plan 4 31 usually give Tho rouan L and do 00 not interfere N arming operations a ind and distance Dit tance to lay 4 bg g a IL system of 0 drainage it t la is err os cserr ary to deter jw bether hether open ditches or e drains are to be con apen pen ditches are generally drainage system I 1 large quantities of surface to to be removed or v where here bor are cheap the I 1 open ditches include the I 1 int t of land they occupy rence with farming oper the high cost of keeping clean and the banks tree L the drains usually give ugh drainage they d surface end und do not inter aming operations if it prop ched they are practically and require almost no ex r maintenance er must decide the amount e can invest for drainage will be beat best to start with the farm where the profits se ge will be greatest and to system as more funds are this plan of doing a part has the advantage of per fanner farmer to observe the re ned ed and in the following ike ke any improvements that and nd expedient in the plan alts its the fanner farmer to estimate ether it will be profitable the money necessary tor for the dral dra indigo cage system is C lands where only occa pots spots are to bo be drained the item tem fig fic 1 is commonly level lands needing arti artl aee go a uniform system fags must be planned that will ins tor for the entire area the mical arrangement of such i one which permits thi use rals rats and requires the short nath of main drains and fast rule can call be given ining the sizes of tile to be us s should be large enough the surplus water before are injured even after a fall in continued wet etter to use elzea too large mall and no tile less than s inside diameter should be tho the middle west went the tend use nothing smaller than lie ile the mains should be gh h to take the flow fro from m the actual practice has chown he dark silt iiams of 1111 owa where the average an fall Is approximately 36 rich tile baring having a fall of 5 2 too feet wil win I 1 provide outlet or 40 acres 7 inch tile for inch tile tor for 20 acres inch S 5 n acres and 4 inch tile for or on stiff soils with eq edval at he a same sized outlets will ill I 1 I 1 tj 0 J of if drainage with double d Area cost Colt of this Is less hown in fig 3 te but on the level 11 soils ath uth atlantic aad and gulf quit states a annual rainfall ie to RIPP apra 11 0 inches only about one half named above can be drained of these alam ier depth for the drains de in the soil boll and tarlee varies from et t in heava silt loams and d depth should be from 2 to in i more mure open soils it should er the best distance be gerals when tana farm e to be grown is e determined by fmc necia d the fame coni ions on 1 that d termine the proper deij d th in cloa retentive eolla bolls where the drains placed from 2 to 3 feet deep the are art lat brals should be placed from rom 30 to so feet apart in open soils that glat 1 up water readily and where the drains are 3 to 4 feet deep the laterals be from 60 to feet may apart in very porous bolls the spacing may be even greater according to the opinion of experts in the office of rural engineer ing of the united states agricultural agri cult ural department where the land la Is ased for truck or other special crops the depth and spacing should be arranged to give the amount of dral drainage nago desired in some muck land lands with peaty sub solla tt it seems that drains may be placa too deep to giro glye the best ro aults suits with certain crops unless a farmer his has had consider ablo able experience tn in drainage work and knows bow how to run accurate levels it will usually be advisable for hl mn n to employ someone who has had this kind of experience to assist in plan ning and laying out the drainage tern tem tile should bare have a fall of rot less than one inch to feet if it ano abble and greater fall than this is very desirable where little fall can be obtained particular care must be ta ken to secure a true grade and alignment for the drain if the land is lerel level the drain must be started deep at the outlet in order to get the fall if the ground surface Is level for 1000 feet a 2 inch fall to feet can bo 5 5 system of drainage with a minimum area of double drained land obtained by starting the drain firo live fee feet leep deep at the outlet and running to ti three feet four inches deep at the ui UP per end united states department ot agriculture TRENCH MACHINE IS LATEST much drainage work now done by machinery Mc hnery colorado Col orad man granted patent on device ditching for drainage trenches and other purposes Is now being done largely by machinery A colorado man was recently granted a patent on the ditching machine machini shown an cle ele ditching machine valor vator back of the cutting scraper brings the dirt up to drop on an endless apron that carries carrill it over the wheels to the eld aid where it Is dropped or caught in war wagon to 0 be hauled away Farming business |