Show DAIRY AND ANID POULTRY INTE interesting CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL nE READERS ADEnS how illow successful ka larnino nr Ul Tt TIJA of or tir tim fukui A I 1 ow lolitte att tj to tie tl carlof cur of lie tuck ii I 1 aultry utia julty lity nt t A mistake in mating means a great deal it Is like a timer farmer planting poor ted corn and in the fall being rt re warded for his seasons work by nul nub bings a arites 7 V in american poultry journal the wo most A common mistake in mating pens Is putting in too many female ehlt Is especially true of the beginner who ito haa has but one une pen lie ile has raised IS ii to 20 pullet pullets from to or three sittings lills of exes eggs pur chased of a reliable breeder the birds are an even lot in lit appearance and be takes it for granted all nill make good breeders here Is he makes a great mistake he ile should critically examine each aemile after select tug ng the male bird he ile should take only the very best of thebe and it he nails finds but three or four which 11 ic 11 fulfill the ie te quire ments ahse and these albao aa should be used in the breeding pets I 1 by so doing he will raise stock supe bior to that he would secure by aim ply putting lu in the pen as ganv if to males as the male can care tor for regard less of fitness in the tall fall he have a uniform and valuable lot ot of chicks with but few cull culls he ile cn can give theio o chicks better care during the summer riler than he could give three or four timea times the number I 1 like to breed from nature birds but aa as all aur birds must be pullets or cockerel cockerels be fore they are matrons and aire sires vae must use them thom ver er often the first year if it ble mate pullet to a two to or three year ol 01 I 1 cock in buth a male bird we hae base known knon quality for most mot defects in a bird come out at the time of the first boulting moul ting and surely at the second boulting moul ting two year old hen hens mated to a it cockerel la is a most satis fac tory and successful mating N e ill all learn by experience that chicks from hens are more vigorous viRo roua than chick chicks from pullets remember that in 3 a marked degree like produces like do not put a fowl into our breeding pen that Is seriously defective in any point do not make a mistake la ill supposing that an extra fine male will overcome serious detects defects in his mates it takes a strong point in either parent to overcome even a weak eak one in the other parent the male bird may be half the pen but be he la Is not and can not be more As stated keep the females down in number looking to quality only select the very beet best male bird you have and choose the females fern lies as nearly like him as possible instead of balancing defects and merit and putting in any large number 01 ojie ojje le male males this thing ot of balancing ide facts and merit and expecting a pen containing a large number ot of females of only ordinary quality to give ua us a lot of extra fine lt la Is a delusion and fraud A coultry talk condensed Cond ned from rom farmers I anner sten report ot of illinois round up in ution held at champaign laeb 21 23 S the poultry interests of illinois a ere set forth by lion 11 II 8 griffith who said in part uniformity of size alze and color of meat Is highly preferred in shipments for market let lour flock of poultry be uniform for or the tile same reasons that you seek uniformity in our herd of 0 cattle or ewine do not condemn avia v a biety because some unscrupulous fel low tied led in getting oft off jn tn you tome some specimens at high prices eu bu your breeding bre kling dock stock of a fancier a real live ade aake chicken crank I 1 do not mean int sort of a fancier who mho fancies fowls they bring fancy prices but a real liver iver of fowls a ann who abier ties tao the good equalities qualities of 0 a certain strain ind goes to work mork to develop that strain after a breed has been chosen the stock secured and the farmer has fully decided to go into po poultry ilary raising a few observations ft lot be out of place I 1 arst arst as to shelter an I 1 ground from my observation observations at the different firms farrus upon which I 1 have seen poultry I 1 believe this Is the essential thing in starting fowl must have shelter from rain and storm they cannot stand the winter the shelter should be made so tight that they are tree free from drafts they are tender in the matter of contracting tract tr ilig colds in regail to sanit iry try conditions I 1 think the cause of 0 more fall failures tires than an thing else and all the diseases v we e has have e among our fowls maar be traced back to a lick of 0 good sanitary condition conditions filth I 1 alth breeds vermin er miti and vermin li Is the source of nine tenths of the disease that carries off oft our poultry the keeping clean of I 1 poultry housea Is s a very important Import int thing many times the chicks are kept in the same coops coop until they are weaned called iv an I 1 put into the trees they will acquire vermin and come out weak I 1 in the matter of feeding on the farm many times the poultry are allowed to forage and they tind plenty of food but it does not come conle in the proper way nor la Is it of the proper kind they should be fed what ahat suits them at that age I 1 think loung oung chicks on a farm are usually st aried they have plenty of fool tool in a general way ay but of food lid aultin tilting them thern they do not get enough nd they come up star starved lied until they hey get a a hole corn and then they get diore than they need in conclusion I 1 want to sa su that it the illinois farm 1 Is to iw ble preserved in all iti itt fertility more should be raised and the product should lo 10 more marled mort afore lind land should be devoted to vegetables ad and the delicious and anti larger fruits more honey should be p produced imd and more fowls as well vell aj the heavier products for hah our state Is known male fie clie farm horn jo sweet that he be w who h 0 I 1 leaves e v it 1 in aspiring youth alu h tut y 0 n none iane but pleasant recollection one kind of count the ii it law aw w which alch requires oleomargarine butter lne etc to bo be colored a bright pink in III order that people who m ish to uee use it may know it it sight and not have butter palmed oft off on them as a substitute has irali been decided constitutional tola this um by jeigo hii lochren of the united state states district court bays says texas stock and I 1 arm journal it this decision bold holds it may lead to furt further lier legislation thor ough enough to gradually force out ot of I 1 the market all imitations of food prod if te to or limit their salea sales to the demand I 1 0 those who ho know just what nhat they are buying ener farmer and dalry dairyman mall in tit lexas Is to interested in having uch such a uw law as the minnesota manuc iota enactment adopted and rigorously cn enforced forced in our 0 own n state A good deal has ben boen eald said to the discredit of texas because so much food stuff that 0 ight to be pro deuced here is 1 brought in tit from other t 5 stile tates and butter so called Is one ut of the articles largely brou brought slit from elsei A here though a large proportion 0 I 1 the northern Isor thern butter Is 0 one ne or other of the imitations so che cheaply i ply made as a to be an injury to those aho ho I 1 ture the pure article the journal hag has j not a nord to siy sly ot of iny any legitimate competition with any Indu industry str of our people As against such competition ae e can a cither either hold bold our on or we can surrender the position ind and occupy another hut but these mixtures in imitation initiation of butter and I 1 ard rd and pure s rup and a score of other food articles are frauds pure and simple and the government does not fulfill its duty to the citizen when it gives license to such frauds to meet the honest prod jets of our ladu industry stry so dis dl ims d that only experts ian an tell abel the true from the tab by the appearance ippe arance of each the i man a n who adulterates adult erata food or manufactures imitations ot of pure food and fraudulently palms theoa them off for commercial gain Is on the same plane as the man who rho raises the figures on a note or counterfeits a coin and the comm community unit ought to have the same protection against him alue of arguments which have been used against the tuberculin test are mentioned and refuted and it la Is shown chov n that where there Is a possibility ot of danger there is danger says gays a contemporary an apparently sound udder does not guarantee non uber culous milk the preponderance of tuberculosis with ioor loor ventilation but good stables and ventilation do not necessarily prevent infection the tuberculin test Is both accurate and practical and it Is not injurious to the health ot of a sound animal with those that are tuberculosis it ma may have hane a curative effect when tie tit infection has been recent or Is of limited extent and it may aid a tendency to recover in other cases the author Is of the opinion that the tuberculin test should be made a condition of the granting of licenses to sell and should be made twice a year only tested bulls should be used and calves from motho rs should be reared upon milk from non cows or upon sterilized milk relative to the subject of ati attendants for cittie the author thinks that the danger from this source has been over estimated french nutter butter losing the english market from a report recently issue I 1 by the french government a remarkable decline in the exeor atlon of french butter to the united king dom dorn Is noticed the falling oft ha has 3 been general with mith regard to this class of exports but it lj 13 as far as tho the english market Is concerned that the decline has been most marked the value of salt butter sent to the united king don dorl in 1890 As s 9 3 in 1891 it tell fell to 92 2 32 00 in 1892 to 92 2 M 2 in 1893 to in 1891 it to 91 to tall fall again in 1893 1895 to E I 1 an ani I 1 in it amounted to the english market for fresh butter from frame Is in a worse state still the value of tho the export from 1872 to 1881 was 2154 ani ant from 1882 to 1891 only 2115 in 1892 the value slue debrea ed to JC in to in 1891 1801 to 9 11 aso in 1893 1895 to 9 5 and in 1896 it amounted to only L 1 0 10 P py the lazy sow the over lizy jazy should be avoided tor for the khe Is 1 likely lie down don upon her ones the are vet et too young to get out the way inay and crush them this Is not likely to be developed in sov sows 3 as in those that have grown gronn n old cr er and have fi several lit litters terl 0 pigs some sous sows are abaye careful their pigs no matter hoy how old grow or how many litters they fir furrowed rowed lvery breeder has nott that rhan lien certain sows desire I 1 to 0 cli their boult g they wilt will he lie down on oil the belly then slowly turn over on the side this sow kills any of her pigs by overlaying them ux ex spruce trees of alaska a the tle states commission that has bein visiting southeastern alaska reports that the country Is heavily wooded tree trees extending from the water side up the mountain moun tair for 2 feet or more the most common and widely distributed of the forest trees Is the spruce in some isome places were ere een seen trees of this variety of great size near gome some the sav sa mills were seen logs IM feet long and tour four or five feet in diameter A uniform temperature is needed it we would develop the proper ferments in the cheese A higher or lowr lower tern tem pera ture seems to have base the effect 0 I 1 stimulating th tin development of O 0 other lb er bacteria than those desired it Is doubtful if a rn machin ell can faction be found that will give better sat bat Is than the human hand |