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Show ... m - RANGE MANAGEMENT ON NATIONAL FORESTS The greater part of tho 110,000,-000 110,000,-000 acres of land embraced within the national forests is grazed annually annu-ally by livestock. In 1919 this enormous en-ormous forayo resources supported approximately 11,275.407 cattle, Bhocn. coats, and swine. In many parts of tho west such as In tho In-termountaln In-termountaln region (which Includes Utah, southern Idaho, eastern and central Nevada and northwestern Ar-lzona) Ar-lzona) the livestock Industry Is the main sourco of wealth. Naturally, this Industry Is dependent upon a permanont 'supply of good foiagc. Idoal rango management Is tha business of cropping tho grazing land so as to obtain maximum utilization and yet retain tho lands In the hlgh-iest hlgh-iest possible Btato of "productivity. As long as Micro was a supply of grass sulllclont to maintain all tho stock i grazed no Rpcclal grazing practices wore necessary. Owing to tho rapid growth of tho livestock Industry, however It was not long until tho ranges wero badly depleted. Through tho adoption of tho Individual Indi-vidual pormlt system whereby tho national. forcBt4ranoMftwpj,o.,cioppel nt leaBt somewhat in pioportion to tho grazing capacity of tho lands, these langes soon mndo appreciable Improvement. Thanks to tho hearty cooperation which tho stockmen havo glvon the foiest service In tho adoption of Impioved methods of livestock management developed bj grazing oxperts It Is estimated tnat fiom 1905 to 1920 the forest range increased In producthlty from 25 to 40 per cent. This Improvement was brought about chiefly by (1) correctly correct-ly estimating tho number of stock that the ranges would support; (2) Improved methods In handling livestock; live-stock; (3( grazing at tho proper seasons; sea-sons; (4) development of stock watering wa-tering places; and (5) rendering tile land more accessible to grazing animals ani-mals by the constiuctlon of trails, bridges and other rauge Improvements! Thorough going and mngo an pastuie experiments wero Initiated by the forest service In 1907 whon Investigations of a somowhnt gonoral character were started In 1913 a well equipped forest grazing expoii ment Btatton yas located on tho Man-tl Man-tl national forest In contral Utah. Tho station known as tho Groato Basin Ba-sin Koiest t grazing) Epporlment Station, Sta-tion, is situated at an elevation of 9,000 ftot In tho heart of tho cattle and sheep Industry of Utah. Tho problems under Investigation aro conceincd with rango Improvement 'problems, gonerally, tho principles deoloried of which are applicable to tho ontlro .vest. Studies aro also being be-ing cnoducted at this station with a view ur determining the best forestry forest-ry practices end Includes trials In treo-plan?TnB and forest nmnagoraont |