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Show FIUMEi OBJECT OF RIVAL CLAIMS The exploits of Qubrlele d'Annunzio it Flume, recalling the adventures of t medieval knight, keep that ancient city In the public eye. If Trieste was tho Ilreinen of Aus-trla, Aus-trla, Flumo was tho Hamburg of the Hungarian kingdom, a close rival for the brisk Adriatic trade of the period before tho war. Flume Is another of thosu footholds on the eastern Adriatic where Italians clung fast despite the steudy Influx of Slavs In the Interior, nnd, In this case even Into Flume Itself. Thus the city bears evidence of early Italian culture, cul-ture, it figured as a potent Slav factor fac-tor In tho turmoil of Halkan politics, ind it felt strongly the Influence of Hungary upon Its thriving industries ind fast growing commerce. Magyar gerrymandering caused It to bo annexed to Hungary in 1870, despite tho protest of Croatia to which It had belonged since the revolution 9f 1848-10. Tender consideration for Its vuluo ft? n seaport, rather than for Its citizens, prompted Its establishment establish-ment as a royal free town, making it t geographical stlco of about seven iquare miles cut out of Croatia. Desplto tho Hungarian Interest in the city Its pre-war population was 00 per cent Itnltnn and Slav, with the Italians slightly predominant. Only ibout half the remaining tenth were Hungarians. Tho Slavs Included Croats, Serbs nnd Slovenes. As Important Im-portant to Hungary as are New York trlloston to, the United Stntcs, Flume's total population is not much greater than such suburbs of those American ports ns Kast Orange, N. J., or Newton, New-ton, Mnss. Flumo Is sltunted on tho northeast ihorcs of tho Oulf of Quarncro, only loventy miles, by rail, southeast of Its trade rival, Trieste, Across the bay Is the popular summer resort, Ab-bnzla, Ab-bnzla, famed for Its evergreen laurel ind profusion of roses, to which tens of thousands of visitors formerly thronged each summer. The older town, distinctively Italian, Is built on the hillside, overlooking the culf. Tho nower city llos nearer tho waterfront. There ore three harbors. Tho largest, accommodating 150 large vessels, Is protected by a breakwater half a mile long. Tho quay Is nearly two miles lotiff. Ilcfore tho war Fiumo's manufacturing manufactur-ing plants Included o" government tobacco to-bacco factory, tho Whitehead torpedo works, n rlco shelling factory, a petroleum pe-troleum refinery, and many smaller plants, among which wcro saw mills and paper mills. Its fisheries constituted an Important Industry. It exported sugar, grain, flour, horses nnd timber. "GO WEST," SAID GREELEY; "SPREAD OUT," SAYS ELIOT now are tho evils that go with city crowding to bo avoided In tho fnco of tho Increasing congestion of American cities? Ily making the cities moro like the country, is the gist of one noted thinker's think-er's solution of that question. Despite the steady procession of country folk to cities, their new environment lacks many of tho lienellts of the places they came from, In his opinion. Charles W. Kllot. world-famous educator, edu-cator, In a communication to tho National Na-tional Geographic society snys: "In order to cure tho destructive evils of present urban life anil the factory system, it will not be enough to retrlct tho vices, to diminish the pressure of poverty, to prevent destructive de-structive diseases, and prolong the nverngo human life. The human environment en-vironment must l)e not only negatively negative-ly but positively Improved; so that the whole people may have the opportunity oppor-tunity to cultivate healthy tastes and Interests, to acquire Just Idenls of pleasantness nnd beauty, nnd to learn the value toward tranquil happiness of that living with nature which city congestion tins within a single generation gener-ation mado almost impossible for multitudes. mul-titudes. "The present evils of city life and the factory system had conditions which civilization has Itself created have developed their destructive forces in tills country in spite of the schools nnd churches nnd of free political Institutions, In-stitutions, nnd In spite of many happy hap-py Influences from art, poetry, music and the drnnm. Clearly, society needs to develop a new nnd better environment environ-ment favorable to both bodily and mental health and to the attainment of genuine happiness not of mere momentary excitement, pleasures nnd gratifications, hut of solid contentment, content-ment, nnd the lasting satisfaction of Ufa enjoyed In quietness and pence. What nro the means of compassing this end? "The readiest means Is good planning plan-ning of city, town and landscape first applied to arens still open, nnd then gradually to nrens already occu-pi"1 occu-pi"1 In undesirable wnys. The new-planning new-planning must take Into account tho Interests of tho whole community, as well as the Interests of Individual owners, the social or collective Inter-st Inter-st always prevailing. "Tho Immediate objects to bo sought arc more light and air for dwellings, ofllces, shops and factories, nnd thus a spreading out of cities; tho transfer trans-fer of factories to suburbs and to country sites along the lines of railway; rail-way; the multiplication of playgrounds play-grounds nnd open decorated areas, and above all tho attachment of a plcco of nrnblo or garden ground to every family fami-ly dwelling. "Tho collective force of tho community com-munity must further supply the means of making rural and landscape pleasures pleas-ures occasionally accessible to city populations by means of parks and gardens which Illustrate nit forms of open-country beauty nnd permit tho occasional enjoyment by city fomllles or larger urban groups of the outdoor pleasures which woods, shrubberies, gardens nnd broad fields can give." |