Show ten per cent of army veterans want to be farmers seven per cent hope to start small businesses half will work for wages once more 8 going to school vy by WALTER A SHEAD washington correspondent seventy five per cent of tb the officers fibers and enlisted men in the united states army have definite ideas about what they intend to do when they get back home another 20 per cent have mado made tentative plans for their postwar work A survey by the research branch of the information and education division of the tha army shows that fifty two per cent roughly men plan to work for salary and wages seven per cent or about a half million men intend to so go into small businesses retail and service trades mostly for themselves ten per rent cent or more than men plan to operate farms eight per cent or about plan to go to school the remainder have made only tentative decisions or are undecided the army however points out that at least three factors must be taken into consideration in interpreting the results of the survey 1 the length of the war 2 economic opportunity after demobilization 3 an increasing inc rensing percentage may seriously consider attending full time school opening a business or buying a farm under tinder GI bill of rights nights provisions ono one interesting feature of this survey reveals that CO 80 per cent of the white enlisted men plan to return to the states iw in which they lived be boic entering the service this leaves 20 per cent who may migrate to another section of the country As a matter of tact fact 10 percent per cent or a bout about men mon definitely anticipate moving to another state the other 10 per cent being still unde aided this ratio Is heavier in the negro enlisted personnel where only about two thirds expect to go back t to 0 the same iame state in which they resided bid ed in civilian life young men Mn going west the grea great t majority plan to migrate to the par far west among the negroes the greater shift Is from tile tho S south to the dorthea northeastern stern states itaho indicated shifts materialize among these returning servicemen they may happen as follo follows IA I 1 A rapid expansion to the pa cielo coast states 2 in migration but on a much smaller scale into tire the industrialized east orill north central states SNO S 3 NO net movement ingo in go balancing outgo out go in the new england middle atlantic and mountain states and aa heavy out migration from tho the highly agricultural areas running front from tho the west north central states through the entire tier of southern states i it 11 the plans tor for 7 per tent cent of our soldiers to enter business for themselves materialize it means creation of a littlemore little more than a hall half million now new firms in the small business field or just about the number which went out of business in the two year period following pearl ll harbor arbor A great majority of these about 52 per cent will enter the retail trade radio stores filling stations shoes hardware and general merchandise outlets about 10 per cent plan to go into the service fields 0 per cent into wholesale and small manufacturing 8 per cent into transportation and public utilities 0 6 per cent into construction the other 9 per cent balaj spread over or all other industries of tho the three quarters of a million men who plan to take up farming either as owners or farm workers the survey shows that 0 out of 10 have had at least a 0 year or more of full time farming behind them only about 2 per cent have had no farming experience at nil all bitven tho the men with relatively vague plans tor for farming have had considerable previous farming experience one out of four of those who seriously plan to farm already owns a farm these men are the least inclined to migrate this survey shows and tho the great majority of tho the prospective farmers plan to return to the same region from which they entered the army by and large they expect to go back mackto to the same typo type of farming with which they are familiar these three quarters of a million men who plan farming as a career tire arc P roughly equivalent to the total who were farming just prior to induction although induction records show that more than a million and a halt half men have been taken from the farms these however included farm faria youths who were in school and wele not classed actually as farmers not room for all on land according to the army the chances are that the nations farms will not be able to absorb all of the men planning to return to them ahem in spite of the current shortage of a million farm workers the army says that rural areas normally pro duco duce more young men and women than can be efficiently utilized on the i form farm the problem may very well become acute considering the wartime increase in farm production achieved by more efficient use of labor on fewer farms arms A little more perspective on the this group definitely plans to seek governmental jobs the fed federal government now is by far th the ald largest employer in the country and the tha monthly report of the civil service commission as of may 1 the latest report shows paid employment in continental united states totaled of which were in the war agencies of this number only are in washington while war cutbacks are expected to decrease this number somewhat government work Is expected to maintain the upward trend which has prevailed since the last war state and local governments normally employ more than twice as many persons as does the federal EXPECTED POSTWAR POST WAR MIGRATION PATTERN OF WHITE ENLISTED MEN of OAR represents percentage of ALL WHITE MIOR ANTS k 7 FROM NORTH aw to W T 9 y t 0 1 22 0 TH 6 4 1322 4 17 FROM SOUTH T SO problem Ibm may be had by a further analysis of the intentions of these men definitely planning to farm in the arst place the survey makes it clear thata that a much larger proportion of the men want to become farm operators by either buying or renting than were farm operators before the war A majority say they can count on returning to a tract of land which they or their families own or they already have in mind a specific piece of land they expect to buy or rent however of every three indicate they will ivill need to locate a farm to rent or buy after leaving the army so if the plans of all these prospective spec tive farmers materialize there will be thousands of veterans looking for farm farran the postwar period arlod 11 an and waffy I 1 welli well bray af come nip lip against e biltagi age of ga good d land which ma may too reselling be selling it much higher prices than before the war so there is fear on the part of the army that many of these men may be forced to settle on cheaper sub marginal landl land the army points out that relief would be possible on this score if large sections of public domain or reclaimed land becomes available about one out of six veterans said they would be willing to m move ove on such tracts of land the same thing is true with respect to the jarmer serviceman as with the prospective business bu iness man most efthem of them are thinking of investing sums bumb ranging up tip to this may be compared with the chii department part ment of agriculture estimates of to 80 00 as the average cost of the family size d farm not counting necessary tools equip equipment meni livestock etc so these prospective farmers wilt will also need financial help how many will actually end up on the farm will depend on this aid and on the comparative opportunities tuni ties offered by industry and agriculture ri after the war in conjunction with the american historical association the armed F forces arces institute has pie prepared pared a booklet entitled asha ashall t f take farming which is available atthe government printing office washington 25 DJ D C most will wil I 1 work t or wages of course 13 by far the greatest seg ment of the armed J forces plan to work tor wages on their return two aspects of the plans of these four million men are noteworthy firs first only one third of the white enlisted men who were e employees floyces before induction and plat to be employees after the war definitely expect to go back to their former employers another ono one third say they may return but are aio not noi sure this leaves another million men who will either migrate and mave to other jobs or who have learned new trades and expect to do different work As a matter lot bf fact the tendency among a hargat larghi pe percentage reen tage of these servicemen Is to aspire for work calling for a hi higher her level of skill and in general the proportion who plan to pursue their prewar occupations declines as one proceeds along the occupational scale five per cent of government and the five years im mediately following the war are ex pecked to see more than a million and a quarter jobs opening in this field favorable employment opportunities and special considerations for veterans are expected to draw probably 10 per cent of the 62 52 per cent who plan to work tor for wages and salaries into this federal state and local government field many returning to school veterans counting on going back to full time school after the war Is nearing the mark that most of these will enter college Is indicated from the tact fact that more than 9 in 10 are high school graduates the army points out ahl t this war has brought about the first large decrease in college e enrollment A roll ment since the turn of the century and that nonmilitary non military enrollments in colleges and universities dropped 44 per cent after the first two years of war civilian college and university students in 1943 numbered smaller than 20 years ago the deficit of college trained men particularly acute in the liberal arts and teaching fields will continue to accumulate as the war har goes on in view of these facts it is interesting to note that the two most popular courses picked out by servicemen are engineering and architecture and the liberal arts and sciences engineering most ro popular pular other courses mentioned include business administration pre medic medicine and dentistry agriculture law education journalism and theology in general about one man in five is considering courses of study which can be classified as liberal arts and sciences and the remainder are thinking in terms of professional and technical bation with engineering leading the field another point of particular significance ance is that this full time school course will take these men out of the tha labor market about half a million of them but the same thing cannot be true of another large group about 18 per cent additional or about 4 who plan to attend part time school that Is work and go to school atthe at the same time three fourths of these students desire trade and business school courses these also are in an older group and about one third are married rie ca there Is one more section of veterans which the survey classified these were a group of about 3 per cent about who sald said they definitely plan to stay in the army up to more than 10 per cent who would consider r re c enlistment under certain specific conditions two ma jor considerations which will govern the actions of this segment are arc 1 the terms under which re enlist merits will be offered including re of rank choice of servi service ce duration of enlistment and opportunity for commissions and 2 the kind and opportunities for civilian jobs which will be available after the war |