Show ROPE WATCHES SPANISH WAR hr T anxiously bously await outcome of struggle between right and left factions may change chan ge world history by WILLIAM C UTLEY 0 ordinarily you ran can take a spanish revolution as a greek revolution or you can let it alone the general genera custom among the laity of observers in america in the past has been to let em ein alone in greek revolutions the government changes hands between matinee and evening performances and although whole navies are arc captured capture di no one ever gets hurt the ordinary spanish revolution is much the same the one distinguishing factor being that murder mur derand and mayhem are present but nobody gets hurt except ards ever since spain lost her last american colonies some 30 odd years ago riot revolution and rebellion have been rite rife in the sunny land but because in the past these revolutions have been of little consequence outside the borders of spain itself other nations eve even n those on the european continent have been justified in merely remaining aloof and letting matters take their course until once more a spanish government of one kind or another is answering the phones aloofness often is only official as it Is possible to do a neat little business in arms with both warring sides side s unofficially but with this newest and most serious of spanish revolutions the customary policy of laissez faire among her neighbors is one dim cult 1 if not impossible to maintain for here in spain is now the ultimate expression of a struggle that Is now going on among the peoples oi of nearly every nation in europe f see death struggle this is not a civil war war to determine whether republic or monarchy shill shall be the form of government actually it does docs not involve the question of how the nation shall be governed so much as who shall govern it this is a death battle between wham what have come to be called in europe and are more and more frequently mentioned here in the united states the right bight and the X V v gen emilio mola it rebel ebl leader lader left on the right is ls fascism on the left is socialism on the one side are the monopolies the bureaucrats and the bl bigland gland owners owner on the other are the peasant farmers the small business n wn men union labor and the proletariat it may be truthfully said that practically all europe today is divided into rightist and leftist factions the sharp line of demarcation becomes more apparent with each new heated political debate with each new spirited election for that reason every european eye is directly focused upon spain deeply concerned are france whose new leftist government has not n ot yet proved the panacea it was heralded to be germany which will find new cause to arm against the if the left wins and anew a new victory over communism if the right wins italy would welcome a strong fascist neighbor and exclusive of her subtler political interests te rests great bri britain iraln must protect gibraltar while former revolutions revolution sin in spain have resulted in only qualified victories or defeats it is generally conceded that this one will bo be decisive it may string along for many months even years but it will be a fight to a finish europe watches struggle yet what is important about this civil waris war is not which government right or lett left emerges victorious the choice of the majority of people it is the fact that there Is a serious fight this is a bloody and cruel war homes theaters hospitals have become ammunition centers and barracks snipers spit death out of store windows cannon wheels scar bear the surfaces oi of plains the drone of bombers disturbs the calm of fabled spanish skies sides right and left have taken arms against each other all europe watches for years the continent has beena been a tinder box awaiting a match to set it oil all crisis after crisis has been passed and another great war has been averted or postponed sometimes ever so narrowly may not this develop into the next of these great crises what will franceda Fran cedo if italy sends aid to the fascists what will germany do if red russia interferes on the other side the spanish american war may be arbitrarily taken as the real be ginning of the political tion of spain it was less than a decade after that when she lost her last american colony four years later came the first of a series of uprisings among the people it was quelled that was in 1009 1909 th in 1917 there was another unsuccessful revolt when the crisis after the world war came the spanish monarchy found itself una unable bleto ho kafter loo the welfare of its iti subjects who were finding it next to impossible to make a living an attempt was made to right conditions in 1921 when primo de rivera was set up by the rightist factions as dictator dicta toi it work new regime falls fails ten years later the republic was voted in and king altonso alfonso XIII was on his sudden way out spanish citi zens were free men an all the ills his of the old times were to be forgotten their troubles were over but alas it work out that way actually the new govern government mont had been heralded a few months before its inception by a serious general strike and an uprising among the military forces there was the worldwide world wide depression to be reckoned with and the tact fact that in spain the currency was deflated industry frozen froen and foreign fogelin markets tor for spanish farmers hopelessly lost primo do de rivera had been driven into exile ile by rising governmental debts and deficits political politic al liberty was supposed to rectify all of these thi things figs of course it when the republic was born 75 per cent of the population was dependent or indirectly upon agriculture yet so evilly was it distributed that only one tenth of the farni population could make a fair living from it immense estates relies relics of feudal days held the really fertile bertile land the poor peasant was doomed to watch thousands upon thousands of acres of rich land carelessly wastefully cultivated tiva ted or even thrown open to pasture while he burdened with heavy debts had to work a tiny patch of poor land the great hordes of landless farm hands working only half the year and then at meaner meager wages were steadily growing kr owing small private industries wallowed hopelessly in debt while great monopolies no were so entwined into the government that when there were losses the taxpayers made them good but when there were profits the stockholders goethem gotthem got them all when the republic came into be ing there were countless and needless bureaus eating the substance of the treasury A costly and overlarge army with many needlessly high salaried officers noted for blundering ind and extravagant colonial adventures was being kept unemployment starvation wages and continued repression from the right had concentrated the mass of poor industrial workers into a few large cities and had greatly increased their numbers expected dristle drastic changes the people rightly enough expected drastic changes from thea the men of the republic the economic 1 left and naturally leaving only a result of hopeless conflict of policy the right bewildered by conflicting policy between socialism one minute and fascism the next froze credits paralyzed industry and agriculture and hired armed bands of men to annoy the leftists and thus provoke the government in the ummer summer s of 1832 1032 it all came to a boll boil and the right provoked a military revolt but intervention of civilian troops on them part of the govern ment quelled it economic conditions failed to improve there were strikes riots and demonstrations the left was still in a bad way the peasants led an uprising in 1933 so severely was it putdown put down the government began to lose the loyalty of the peasants and kindred classes when later that yea year r the socialists were driven as women marksmen take part from the cabinet and the right assumed what amounted to almost all the power there were political scandals and months of continued unrest followed in 1934 the left Lef lefere tre revolted upon the calling of gil robles into the cabinet this was nearly a S successful revo revolution revolute luti on and was 0 only quieted by the employment of the spanish foreign legion and paid moorish troops never before in spanish history had such measures been necessary to protect the government ern ment it was sufficient clent to instill more confidence and courage into th the eLeft left and to incite the proletariat further against the government of the right accordingly accordingly the left forced elections Cand and swep swept t the existing govern ment from power that was early this year the same old struggle has been going on ever since e the power has not yet definitely come to one side or the other to permit a continuity of action but the new revolution openly and unmistakably a civil war to the bitter end will leave spain at last completely right or completely left completely fascist or completely socialist americans leave spain the effle efficiency lency of the state department and the foreign service has been strikingly demonstrated irethe in the emergency precipitated by the revolution in spain which required the government to conduct the first evacuation of americans from a E european european country since the world w war ar when the revolution broke ambassador bas bowers was at his summer house on the coast five miles from san sah sebastian the summer capital where were stationed johnson and cut off from brorn communication ni by telephone with his summer embassy and prevented by barricades and fighting from going to san sebastian mr bowers was taken an off by the cutter cayuga and subsequently established his em P q 4 Z See nein toledo showing snipers fighting g rebels theory of the rightists nominally secondia second din in power in the republic and today represented by the rebelling fascist generals was that of repression wage reduction breaking up of labor union s and concentration camps for forced labor all the principles of fascism the republic was to substitute higher wages wage new and fairer distribution of land government control of industry resettlement and rehabilitation projects and a security program but the early republican government found itself torn between two loyalties it attempted to steer a middle course providing legislation only upon pressure sure from right or bassy on the vessel to cruise in spanish waters so as to be of aid to americans at the outset the situation in the spanish capital was serious with firing in the streets the ile united states embassy stocked an all tha food it could get and stored water tn in large reservoirs for a siege then american nationals were directed to go to the embassy A total ot of went there including filipinos and puerto ricans the embassy also received official requests request sto to harbor 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