Show op 0 c daft V 3 W 3 mg ip af ott gi Y wr 1 6 r aj k N N INN by ELMO SCOTT WATSON NIONG MONO the accomplishments of the recent london naval conference was ono one which whatever may inay lie the fate fata ot of the agreement rea reached clied OR as to other types of 0 war vessels amy ably will receive tile the endorsement indorsement Indor jorL of nil all tile the na al rowers powers that was tile the which wits signed there for humanizing the submarine 11 the purpose of this treaty to Is to prevent murder minder on the high seas and to put an end to maritime assassination of non combatants such auch as took place during the world war Ile hereafter reader there here to Is to lio be no sinking without n trace for except in gene general ral engagements between men of war ships will bo be warned before they are torpedoed if this treaty la Is accepted and lived up to by the nations future conflicts will be free fred front from nt least one of the horrors of war which made the recent worldwide em imbroglio broglio between tile civilized civili sed nations one of almost unbelievable savagery cruelty and terrorism POP for it was not until 1014 that tile world knew of the grim potentialities aties of the undersea bouts boats aind then it soon oon learned an unforgettable tuble lesson leison important as were the other new developments in inet method ioda of it warfare calne to the fore from 1014 to 1018 it Is not too much to say fitly perhaps that the sub aub marine wits was tile tho most important of all certainly few others find diore reaching results although to most people tle idea of warfare la is symbolized in the U boats with which germany made her bid for victory a bid which come came so BO near to being a success it 1 Is worthy of note that tho the first blow struck with this weapon was struck by fingland NIn gland within 21 2 hours after great britain lind find declared war upon tile sirinan Oi empire 11 II M R 11 1 no 1 was cruising toward beligo land in search of ni fill egeln enemy y ship and ot 01 septeem ber 13 1014 1914 site she sank ank the german cruiser liela with a single torpedo nut but germany soon avenged that with the destruction of three british cruisers the aboukir Abou kir the hague and the cressy by bv the U 0 and when a short time later tile the arpadi naught nai ight audacious and the alpa triumph and majestic were wera sent to tho the bott bottom bottole oln annd the proverbial mistress tresa of the seas knew that a new erh era had dawned despite english efforts to coni combat tint the threat of the submarine tile tho next two years showed alint germany had an ace which might prove the winning curd in tile the same and by lute late 1010 germany began to realize how desperately she ahe was waa going to need that nee ace tile the great sea of jutland had been fought to it draw hut but the german ling flag had find been swept from th ih bibb sens on land it was a stalemate mate with the advantage if anything with germany the allies were holding their own only because they kept open the sea aea lanes over which camo came food and supplies lint those lanes might soon bo be closed for the he central rowers powers had listened to von t the 1 e U bonts boats were taking a terrible toll ot of allied d shipping america was still neutral but the sinking of the Lual tanta helped crystallize the feeling that soon er cr or later Ame amerau ritti must bo be drawn into the con flici on july 0 1010 1916 the giant aner merchantman ch antman Deutsch deutschland land arrived nt baltimore and a short time later returned in safety to tier home part on november 1 1010 1016 she appeared sigala this time nt at new london conn in the nn ri i german aerman stir war vessel the U 13 suddenly sudden enier emerged ged without warning in the harbor at newport it L and the next day off nantucket stop stopped peI six vessels ordered their crews to their boats wid and tilen then torpedoed them these visits to our shores were veiled threats of what might happen should america join tile the allies kut but the threat railed failed to accomplish its purpose On February 1 germany declared tor for un restricted submarine sub marina war warfare taire and this brought america Anif irlen into tile the war on april 0 1017 the central rowers powers in their desperation had played their uce ace and although though fil fo for a i time it looked as though it might be the winning card later it proved to aboy A AU za M 7 az 44 T 7 X am S X r ei r 1 the holland hiland no 9 or porpoise tho the first sub ab marine marina a acquired by the united states navy it was bought in tile the spring of 1808 but was pot not used in the spanish american war because the officials thought its use would be inhumanely Inhuman el at 2 tile the whale the first built in the united it was built in 1864 by C S bushnell and augustus rice at halstead Hale tead N J tho the whale was about 29 feet I 1 long 0 ng and had a depth of nine feet with sides m made ads of 12 inch boiler plate it was designed to carry a crew of 13 men and should have averaged a speed of four knots an hour being propelled by hand power it cost and was given a trial and condemned in 1872 3 john phillip holland inventor of the first modern type of submarine 4 submarine V 6 the latest to the american navy jutt just before its ita launching last spring at mare island navy yard in call california 6 5 german Deutsch deutschland land in baltimore harbor tile the arrival of this merchant super sub mar merl sible ble commanded by capt paul koenig on july 9 1916 1910 was regarded as an implied threat of the possibility of carrying german submarine warfare against the atlantic coast if america should abandon her neutral attitude and join tile the allies in tile tho world war bo be tile the very one which lost loht tile the game for them on july 2 1917 1017 general von 1 Under iburg declared the war Is won for ni if we inn with stand the enemy at attacks tricks until the submarine has done its work vork and admiral sims confirmed alln den edenburgs burgs statement when lie he wrote unless tile the destruction of merchant tenil tonnage eife which N was then taking place could be materially chocked the unconditional sm render of the british empire would inevitably take the german gennan U 11 boats were vere sending to the bottom more than Mo tons of shipping every month find fit at the lie height of this warfare front september 1 1017 to april 1 1018 they sank vessels assels es sels of without warning wn riling lf fitle as was tile the work ork of tile the U boats boals however it wua wits not ditl lout paying a high price for by the time flip lie war ended germany land ind built a total of suh still rn marines arInea and of these had been lot lost it was wait this tremendous ll 11 loss oss of these weapons ions which nullified Germ germans anys lat desperate le sperate throw of iier fier nce lice allied antl teh niue cevelo developed ed faster after the united states vat nino no in th ill U boat eIllon cs und by november IDIS 1018 it wits was demonstrated IT ted that the lie submarine could not will tile war at the outset it wua wits feared that america Ani erl would be umble to send her troop transports across the infested esteil atlantic with out se serpoui ser loui loss loii iju t any soon found alint it did not pay to operate tier her U limont t abee troopships which were so well guard guardett etl in fly the destroyer escorts the result ans wn that flint not a single soldier of the illch we sent across lost tits his life from U hoitt boat att tack hut but the dinger danger to the which slip she was sending to the aid or of the hard pr escil avil allies was not the only d danger ivr front from submarines which tile united states ci from april 0 1017 1917 to november 11 ITIS there was wain the alio danger also ao of U boat raids on oil tile atlantic coast at the time few rea ailred lov I 1 ow serious that hat danger danser wits nor fill did many inov no that such fiilds actually were roade milde por for the lie yet M of was drawn over an incident of the world war wah wh 11 Is corn com ively unknown if to most americans even een to tf this lay day and that veil MII 11 wils was lifted only within recent months month when the hook when the U boats came to america written by blell dark clark and published by little Ill tle and cola company liany was published As one reviewer of latest addition to tile store of now it cau be told information about the world has said the story mr air dark clark tells of if 11 hont will lie he news to 00 09 out of renders and even to the 00 who have only in vague lie feeol I 1 oil that german U boats lid did visit alst our shores it will no doubt be a surprise to learn that lint on july 21 1918 when the german 11 lou 1150 fired on a seagoing sea going tug and four barges off tile the coast of cape god cod for the first time in more than years a hostile s shot hof fell upon territory of tho the united states that during the submarine it raids which germany launched against our coast a total of grost gross tons of shipping was lost and that the invaders collected a n toll of american lives while the total number of submarines sent to this shore was six only five might be said to have conducted any serious raiding writes write clark the mie final visitor was recoiled recalled in october when it was gaining the proximity of t lie const coast tills this last tile the U inflicted tile flip most serious ous casualties however howe vrr ns as before it fell the cargo carrier ticonderoga in the lie naval overseas trans por tation service sunk in mid ocean with tile the loss of two hundred sixteen lives actual forays on co a stal shipping covered a period of about live months from may 25 to october 17 1018 the first raid was conducted hy fly a single 11 hont tile U after lis its departure three others arrived tint and in august tile the trio the U birin 1511 U 1 if 0 and U una 1 IT were hurrying har vessels essel simultaneously fr irown tn newfoundland found land to north carolina Caroll nn whon in Sep rostem tern tier her the ul 1 1 in 5 arrived it confined its consoni coi still oper athony to now new Hii gland all C waters it if these raids ure ire little known knowl and less understood by the american it Is because in their final stages the of the american force them in tile nations press and navy censorship permitted onla flip barest flet tills to hp he plin clintell tell 1 ot of the he significance of those these raids dark clark says thy the futile efforts of Ceri sennan tian 16 tile the dinst six months of tile lie world waitto war to harass nt the source the increasing supply of men munitions and font cooil po tiring across the atlantic to france brought actual naval hwd hostilities litle hy by it foreign power close to the american coast coasin for tile lie first time tn in more lhnn one hundred until the summer slimmer and full fall or of 1918 when operated in the waters I newfoundland ard rape and sunk rank more th than in one sixty five thon giboss erliss tons of shipping ho craft of an all european Kuro peon enemy lind tin invaded the waters adja cent to tn tile eastern niti tern the war of 1812 the attitude of american natal authorities has hag been to disparage tin the U boat aulds lit in american coastal waters ns na minor incidents of tile rhe grest g rest collict ct opinions so rendered tire nrc based ell upon tarr ard froin tills this fit hie submarine fail nn lin dielt Ittu lt into the cafe gory of futility bif weve vif hestoy to hp he written purely from the th of decisive bugage metals however it would lose the brilli tint ani stin awat nt ing records of self hiir e from to bidock nt fit arnel vain efforts elT orts frequently with tah file pm knowledge that they would fall have enriched the pages of the ani tile the continental cruisers that roved the hie nan nol collind lind little more attert upon the of tile tho struggle mpr independence than tile the german U hints olt the llie atlantic const coast hail had upon the armistice of t WIS yet to forset forget the ei ilits of john paul jones lit in the Il arager tin the richard because of tile tho absence of if military value vahle botill he to deprive this country of it a and phase of its tinpui traditions the me anine line thought to deery deer the aub marine darlne raid because they failed of liehr purpose la is to b tia KS well ell tile the hardihood and cour nea age of the iner of the american merchant and the knyal overseas Ore ispas seas transportation they refused to be e driven from the seas |