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Show FAMOUS PEACE TREATIES j By II. IRVING KING ''opyrlshl ISIS. h 1 1 M.ili'. NeWStSBpST VltSieatSI TREATY OF PARIS. 1856. Ending ths Crimean Wa . of Whose Heroes Florence Nightlngsle la Alone Remembered. One of thoae trestles Intended t i "settle foreer the question of the i Near Kast" wns signed at Pari In lSTirt, closing the Crimean win; the Hlgnatorles being SB the one side Turkey, Tur-key, France, Bngtand ami Nardlnls, and on the other Hossiii. About all that remains now In popular popu-lar recollection regarding ,h'' r,""'" war Is Mayard Tnylor'a "Song of lllS 'amp" nnd Tennyson's "('barge of tho Light Hrlgnde." Of all the reputa tlons made in that war that of Florence Flor-ence Nightingale alone siirle. Two poems have MttSStSd all the treaties and protocol to which the war gSTS rise nnd the name of a nurse Is remembered re-membered while those of the generals who provided her sick ainl wounded ure forgot. Among the Statesmen who coiielud ed the peace treaty the most brilliant bril-liant and widely acclaimed was the Itussian, Count Nesselrode, whose fame Is now perpetuated only by the detectable podding which bears his name and which a Paris cook Invented in his honor during the pence conference. confer-ence. A curious incident of this war was the entrance of Sardinia Into a conflict In which she was not the least concerned and the only lasting result of the war was the foimatlon of the Kingdom of Italy, which Preiieh arms enabled Sardinia shortly after to s tahliah In gratitude for Sardinian aid Ui the Held and council chamber. Began to Shake "Mailed Fists." The origin of the war was no less Singular than its results. It sprang from a dispute between the Qrees and Latin churches over the custody of i bo hoi places in and around Jerusalem. Jerusa-lem. The Crooks had gradually on- rroached upon the preserves of the I. ui ins. Napoleon ill. in iHoi demanded demand-ed of Turkey that the property of the Latins be restored to them. The C.ur Nicholas threatened Turkey if she In- tonoreil. I be czar and l tie emperor. vho hated each other personally, be- ' gan to shake their "mailed flstS." Rnglsnd suddenly realized teal a con-, filet was lui ding between Itiissin nnd Prance for paramount Influence iii the Bast. The csar made advances to KngtSndi saying that Turkey was "the sick man of Europe." He pro- posed ii Russian protoctorats over the principalities (Itoiiuiaula) anil the! erection on the ttulknn peninsula of Independent Christian states; Oonn stantlnople to be neutralised, Knglugd t" seize Egypt, Cyprus and Crete, It' Is Interesting to compare these terms Kith what afterward actually happened and with what Is now advocated With regard to Constantinople. Diplomatic pourparlers began. England tried to avert war by Inducing Prance to modify mod-ify her demands, but without success, Early In 1888 Russia hlllsed her army and sent an ultimatum to Turkey Tur-key demanding tha maintenance of the status quo regarding the holy places nnd a Russian protectorate over the subjects of the sultan of the Qreek faith. To have granted tho latter would have deprived the sultan of authority uM'i hn if of his subjects in European Turkey Tursej declared war on October Oc-tober "i, ISAM 'I'll,. Itusslan army wa-alread) wa-alread) on the Onnithe and lighting begun Prance and Bngtsnd formed an alliance alto Turkey i Austria us sinned m position of watchful waiting, The allied aVels entered the Plack sea while the Turks drove bach the Russians until they had them north of the I'liitb. and Austria, under an nnangetuent with Turkey, tetapofar Illy occupied the principalities. The SreateTn nations n,.w formulaf led their "lour points" ; as niUi h dls Cissed then us the "fourteen points ; more recently, They were: The czar's protectorate over Serbia nn-l the principalities to be abolished; the 1 navigation of ths Danube to be free: the treaties regarding the Black sea and the Dardanelles to he rsvlssd "in ; the Interests of the balance of pow- or"i the csar to withdraw his pro tensions to protectorate oxer th Turkish subjects of the Crook faith I'll ustody of the holy places hu I already been settled. Czar's Acceptance Too Late. The csar Informed Austria lats la 1854 that he accepted the "lour points." Put It was too late. Prance ami England determined that the wm should go on until BUSSla wns so crushed as to ie no longer a menaci in the East, An army of Prom b and Bngllrh had landed in the Crimea In September. The Russians were defeated de-feated at the battles of Alma. Sep I teuiber -, Balaclava, Octolier 35, and Inl.eiinan. November 5. The siege t Bebastopol began in October and lasted last-ed nearly a your. The allied trOHps Buffered horribly In the trenches and the csar boasted that his two best generals, "General January and Geo ' oral February" would retrieve for him the fortunes of the war. While things .a It at.. were at Iheli worst ror tue nines an fresh troops d the Sardinian army arrlvid. On the Nth t tho next Sep limber the MalakolT was taken storm and Bebastopol surrendered throe days later. Czar Nicholas died of ii broken bean and his successoi accepted an Invitation to treat foi pence. Delegatea met at Paris on February 25, ISflfl, ths "four points' were made the basis for negotiations nml a treaty was signed on March 80, ltussla gave up her claims to a pro tectorate over the principalities and over ths Christians of Creek faith In Turkey; ceded the months of tin Danube and declared that river fret to navigation under an European commission. com-mission. Men bant ships were grant ed free entrance Into the Black sen but nan of-wnr were barred. Bttssla was prohibited from maintaining a war fleet on that sea and agreed to dismantle her naval stations on It' shores. ltussla waited a favotabb opportunity and when tha Franco Prussian war broke out Informed the powers that she abrogated that part of tha treaty regarding the Black sea and there was none to say her nay. |