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Show Chnnges in llorae Dreedlntj. 4 WM 3RI With tho revival of horse breeding aa K fiIJfflk Hi a profllable Industry the fact must bo A pW IN recognized that there Ima come a com- Q jSjKSE; m pleto re-voliitlon in this business. The K jyWfj M old inethoda will no longer prove prom- '. (RU IB able We must raise for pi ollt distinct K? MliKlfl ill types of horses for tho maiket, nnd not yf , rtIlllIJ (M generally nil round useful hows Wo Si UHL'SlS ! must dellno In nur nun minds the dlf- rtgttvfl fetent tjpea nf horecs In demand, and iilliii'Mm then work tovvaid tho produttlon of the W 'BflfilfBB best ipcclmcns of uile or mote of these ft Wtm'flM types Those tjpes brlelly stated aie liSM"!sLetBl the road, catrlige and cuich horse, the JS jLjp!ll cab horse, the dratt hoise and the HE gHcMftls American tteittcr or roid hcrse One of 'M ilWiyW these types thould be aeleeted In breed- wClnNiWiaH ing horses foi market, nnd the prcullnr &WjJHBi charaiterlsllis of ich one studied nnd 'ft ..WUJXyJM cnrrfiills undi rstood Hreedlng fnr a I FoHllH speclllo class Is the only kind that pays tMsflDflH todaj The man who breeds on the old ; iSMflHRB lines Is doomed to fallute Ills horses & HDHH will bring so much less in the nnrket. if tfflllQII thnt there will be no margin left for g MjlflWRBJ profits U (JbQHHH e One reason why horses became a drug 'i fiBHBHi In the market ten sears ago was be W fUHSBi cause farmeis and breeders produced a. ! faJlMP surplus nf horses which had no partlcu at JHJUbT lar chsracteiistlcs Ihey are pot X, BB speelalls good In nny line Then a de. T JIIBH1 mand sbwls grew up fnr horses which 4bbZ!VH1 w aid excel In one particular class and . hmHb3VI this has steadily Increased until today VjbVBEW 11 has become universal The evolution flwHssiHr In hteeding his thus made It necessary tCLHSlI for tho farmer nnd breeder tn know his WaDHBH particular rlasa of hoi sen thoroughly XbSbHbTIi J Promiscuous breeding does not pay, but SHMH kHLaji B m ma " , i H" ':yii Iv.rvh - muii h ' ' n ' lii ' nun use nl if it Hie In mm . ! f SUI8 th animal does Hit ireimlse am H' I l .,) I iMfy r mta for s. rartlrulsjr lpft ih' 9S4t ai' l SuL'i ner " ean JiP" n' hi"1 lhe l1' WTW Lr i" 5 KF? t r Tl" srmill horse nnd the horse rjli "J f ffllf or mixed virtue ha passi'd forcvei IHl Alii r VI fit nnd hi" day Mill imr return, Ri"l iiH itl' ' Jr 3 the large horse that . lit ful fnr ai- bbH 'tH 'If t ti u r lint on hnullra th tm I or LLH I A l' Hi Si. r ih horw which tan tittval -ll lth H kin l' (TO L t lr load, nr ,he u oiler whkh u H ift'f, f1 n ii epecd tn on. nf tt"eo .uuni H IV I til! J in y bora must excel nr he cunp.it aaM lllfB- f-y '"if the High mark price offered aaH -4', 1 il V 1 nlumii are dnllv offered for lhe beat aaH f S IM, nil 1JS of any clan ('. L. Peter In 1 f ji)j fj In ana Farmer sT Ij" Now for Better Horaee. . V T i Cnguan armv In Africa ha pur- ' ; ' i iJ K" h""" ln-L f-lohcr ! bbb ,.,.' i "which row cam from thn United I) Fl tea MUSH from Orent Britain, .ISW B l , fr a South Amcrlia nuU Um from Aui. -f-f-f-fj , 1 tn Ii An to the 1 1 .19 of hors-s and j I I li . thay were the mlsllt nf horse- H j , ,k i , li .ling eniintiles ramh and ran He "TbTbH ( i , '. oil ln.r. aid mul.s. It ha been it H ' ' . .1 otr fur then, worthless horse KtatBH , ,1 n i have u. th i market demiind and H f li guml rl Mm ' to lh' couutrl k that H I I . upll d ihim Ittnn ilinuaii the l I c il nip thi i xlien-o nf brenklnK BH , uhlpilnit tn Arrlca m lui l-iirm- H 1 1 alleuld uta in U lh it uo nnim of thcax bH chup horw are ralmri na thi deraiind bbH ii u f'r nM draft and mn h horaaa ! o bbH . I r. it and prtea am an hmh that fartnera bTbbH !, i- dd aniill the murk. !- n d br nl to bbV l iU'i "lt the murker mill hnte nillllono H IF ' , ofemal cruh h .r-. lltll trutlera and bbH i li cIhap inulea to Aiippt thn African war B F ' Lltmanaa.-lJNn ioi fc Journal. H "r Slack Knot of the Flum nntl Clierry. B The treatment arnerully recommcniloil H ' Is tn cut off I ho knot mid bum them B ' 4 j vhlch la a good ihlnK t di If It la dune H tjefiira the wlntor eporua liaa bet u dls 1 i, trlbuted If not, thin aome addltlunal 1 ' .1 trutttaent will bn necieaary It la rotnm- 1 p . I, ' ' tnende.1 therefore that all kn ta ba cut H ' ) , olt ami burned an I In addition to tllla bBBH 1, Ktrtir the trr.'B with a elrmir KDliltlmi of , lurdeaux mlxtuie during Hit tlmt warm bTbVHI 1 iil 'a of aprlng About the lime that b ida bTbVHI I ntart, apray amln with tne ordinary I it I nr-nath Rnrdemit mlxtun I hl oi.lit bBBB 'fil t dealmy all nr the wlulir eiiitin Then bVbVB 'A rl In taae the brain hee m iy h.iv. I.ra ill bTbVHI VI ' r' uly Infectnl the prevloua year, Ihey bTbVHI t i ihnuld be Hpricd naaln ilurlna the latt.r li I part of May and the Drat uf June rhu bVbVB ifl M o m knala m t lie delroed by painting , II them with chloro-naphlliul. um or with bTbVHI ! pure keraarne oil h u. m I theae rem bTbVHI . I ! l illee ato lhorotighl applll there will bTbVHI I. 1 , . Ixi no trouble Id controillnv the diet aau bTbVHI "ti I 1" jrovldlnK nil old, wnrthleea irrea hme VSBI .Vwii.i 4 '".en cut nut and buriiid and providing VjBjI XHi ii ule that the (tuple or the entire nlgh- BSBI ISkA I! '. liorhood co-orale In thla plnn of in tl m VHHI '('! i v herevrr the Ditmann plum la grnnu thla VbVB j'II? W X tlleeaao In ntmnrt sure to Imj i reaent and VjBjI A It S r na It la one of the Injurlima plant die VHHI ,!l l?(L. i" ' referred tu 111 the In liana linpei- bTbVHI ' tJllv' tlcm law. the neceealty for prompt ai VjBjI l,M!lHi? linn on the part or all ownera uf Infeated VBBa I til' . trrea will I- evil, nt tn all -J 1 riHip. bTbVbbI r" I j Ilortleulturlat Indiana Uxperlnunt S7u- , U Kill tlun. bbB ' i ffl rrcpnrinjr Soil for nn Orchftnl. al I I tM 'Che mail 1"H1"rln,lt "orl 'ur an B ?c l ri ( orchard nf nny l.lnd of fruit la In Ket- Hl iitit tlnR "c 'ol ln ,he rlKht "nt,nn WJbwJM JIj and It Is it good plan to ho thorouRlt In ilfiJI'JLI thli work beforo anj iilantlnic la done J Y "1 I hellee It 1 Rood wimom) to apend a I il ear In prrpurln the uroutul bj ro- If it H peated ploiiKlilngs ntul harrow Inga pie- VbVH I H f i' Mous to pluming the treea In thin WaVfl fii'w1 Muy enough plunt footl ahotild he act WaWawi !i(l J Ireo to auppnrt the glow th of nn apple wAYX Al WJ orchard for ten or twehc cura without WJbWjV ftH'ntiJ any fertilizer being ueed Deep plough- wAH i 'IHliiti! ,nK '" "''" "rrk ' u"'lnk vt K,eat lm WaWH f' If I portnnce and I ant nf Iho opinion that wAVJI 1 .! i!"1 " '" PcrfeLtly safe In eitlmale that H I lj J r ii here thn land la worked twelve tn j ' Jli J fourteen Indira Inxteml of elx Inches WaWaS 'll'ii ft deep, the productive caruitlty of the wAVJI III it' P ground la doubled, foi ii lnornus nnd H If deep root ayatem mean a strong top n , Krowth I dn not know of .i better H !' method of deep ploughing than by tin- M I , f Ins the (omtnan stibsnll plough built 1 'II for this ptirpoHC, In a wet season If the H fit i land la ploughed deep the witter will H I 'fs not stand nn the tuif.ue but sink H f ik; down below tha plnit roots sooner tbuii Wjiwfl IJ! ,, wlifn the surface soil alone Is turned Wjlwjl iMVl ,'r' I( ls nPPsrent tlmt I ha roots of wAH 1 i crops growing on land prepared In thla Hj ji, M'ly, have a great ndvanlige over the Hj If first ones The) lire leas affected b H 1, "Irougitt, being further finm lhe surface Hl it , n,nd am In much less danger of Injur) H) from heavy winds owing tn having a 1 i stronger hold In the grntin 1 An a con- jl 1 , seiuencc, deep working tends to more H Iff robust growth nnd thla as it rule pio- motes a llborul )leld of whatever t H Jijl r crown. V M Pouch In Ohio aFrmer. H T i D'nckberry. IH ii !, Tne llscklerr) Is a fruit that Is very l j 11 f t.irllj. grown and inn be tnnde successful 1 J M If given Intelligent attention It should fi W bn planted In on!) modecittel) rkh soil In B V If ,on" seven feet nnart with thn hills j till thrra feet apart In the row Given gar- B ( L den culture, with surfsca cultivation tools 1 1 Keep the plant In mils nnl temotn as il,u .1 weeds all sprouts that spring up between VSBs 1 .-) lh'ro." "10 Homestesd Olve bVbWB liB nihil culturu and when the new tanas are H tiif'lW twent) Inchoa hlih pinch olt the lei bVI lit i 1W mlnal buds to make the side branch, s W!V a vffl ' umernus and cover In tho rail All this W'l Hi re n"' " ,lon.' hovi.ver and ct tho rrult VKn I i ftl rrP nia) bo lost hemline or a sevcro H I L"W winter not bv reason ur the low tempera VSB tU,5j ture, psrilrufarly but slmpl) beiausethe .H . II(UH !an nnU Mtallty die nut or the canes ithl It is best to cover In tho fall with earth BfaVH U I .ut " H 'wlr f hcuv mittens an) Ix'n 1 bVbV 11 J r them over and downward to the ground II . Plica tho foot on ton of tho hill and with BtaVaw ! t n spide make a hltlncR nf rnrlh on the bVBH ''I f top until It holds the hill down This bVbW i I rnRy seni Ilka a simple nperiton but bVjbB j( u It Is nulla a tihk to net theiu down with B s, 5 i nut loss or break ige It ma) he done IT; I however If the optrator mil dig a little li nirUi ai) from the side nf th. inn on if J thn aldo toward which he Is going tn i bend the tanes so that the strain will BfatBat il omn part) on the crown und root con- bBbVM I nrctlous which nro tnughet an I have & ''l A morn moisture In thorn beriuse the) tire ataVH ' J nearer the earth If this work Is done In H molut weather the i tnes wilt ome down bVbHI ' Mllh il great dtnl mole aaae and less lies bBI 1 In dry weather It in Iwst done In the BtaVB . morning fiorei duvllght until near noon bBjbB v1 I Tho blackberry cano la mil) a hard sell bBBI H I IHIeil with a tough pith It Is readllv af- bVbVI l fected bv changing tt mperatures and Is B , murh suhject I., deslccntlnir winds If ex- staBB ' '" losid onl) tnnliratelv until spitng to i ur- BBB i (,l , I rents b whlth the vitality nr tile roots Bflfli I 'I.J i Is evaiioraled and lost the time mav be H ,J J 'j killed, or at I st nie weakened and In. BH it J 1ur'1 lfiovered even In a moderate win- H hi ' ter the vllalllv Is r.lnlne.l and If In the bbh1 I (i jollowlng season i ultlvatlnn is continuous M lllin fruit In quantities Is pusslhls In H 1 riming ba.k In the spring ihey should H be shortened ill from cine third tn a half H If tho crop has b. on light the previous Bffaffl 41 reason the brnnchea and fruiting wood H ',. should be rut bo. k full v liKlf us the fruit bI I will set along tho laterals If a heaiv iBfaaV crol' wcrs borne the previous season cut bH , one-flltn to one-thlid tuly litijilSl CRre ' ApPle 0'tlrd6 ' 1 ttC A "'" msnsgsd orchard Is a most atu- mfg nhle farm property and one cf the surest iJTi fH source of Income The riuiintton anl ill cire of an orchard is considered by H 1 3 fi M Jlunton in a locent bulletin of tne H I J ' Mnlne Experiment station When the i orchard to be treated has ben nculecUd I lor many vears the lirst operation lr tie 1 1 1 lind does not need drulnlug Is m 1 rum. I : ' 1 thorough!) This may hi perforin I 1, 1 -i nn) time trom late fall until the uildilie ' or May Cars should be used to give the ' .If trees an optn head fl Half the dWkuliv of pruning Is done bH . : 1 awav with if one decides lo allow the tiec , bbbbbW ! 1 , ,UK0 "s linura! form rather than t I bIbbu 1 ll shape H tn roire pHrtlculur model Large W I , ll mba should be removed with rare and Ijli th wound paintel In trulnlnc lomw 1 'Hit tree all crot.hfs should U avoided If t I- bid creitchis exist In trees ten 01 mot bbbbh hi euis old the) should be braced b m. 1 m 1 bIbbd a J of an Iron holt BfaHl I'ti If lhe tmd has 11 it bi-en ploughed In I H J, many inn the surest wa or stnnng 1 afaH !. I . 'be soli and working In th 1-1 in ti- bbB " 'li tlllier is IP fence in the orchard nullum H , 1 ffil , in il lot nf hogs with in r'uss b th, lr bbB ,1 'l,v' nohrs Tho hogs. In rootliiL. 1 r grulx will afal k It e I lr the roll as eompleielv ur wo iid b Bafl f ( rn tblble Willi nlough and Ijnov.. while bbV 11, 1 th'v will not break the 1. it wl-ich are afaH ,y,'V rear Die surfate bbbH ' rilt .Man) of tho tree which b. tu w or' hi. as Btatal . Mi'! ' or iiiidcslriible ft nil may Ih tor glutted afafal V if and converted Into valuable sour . of 1 1 I ( , l Incumc This fs p.irllcul riy true f BtBtfl 1 iff, ' acedllngs alone roadsides aid In w Btatal I '',rl Hires The mutt sjccessft ui'l l, 1- m I .Ji' that vvhl h clsturhs tin ir. 1 H fiiH'l many and small limbs iicfuru star in , li 1 !:;; ,:-s- i',',vv. I lr like limb- th s. Ions should be eel 1 the idle lranih.11 of all the large limbs old ni-shrt.d treei Men need a I 1 uarator) pinning a ear or two before "An proflt in fruit growing lies In secur- II k mextrilaig nnioiint of fruit of s I wrl r Mualltv Tl Is .1111 oniv be obt lined bv an nddltknal sill plv id plat t fond In ciuii .if Ihnt il mm led frr the growth nftlMtreo In g. 1 ral lllnnl appllia. lion of ground l "r phnsphatli rock or of hardwood in-he-i will be fmind th most satlsfntt ir rertlllrlng material Stable manure e . 1 l u-e I with suic.ss on sol ilellrlent In organic matter, but us a rule moil orihinii need potash aod phosphoric acid 1 11 her than nitrogen IT. bahlv the irnjorti) ori.Vew Iniunl apt.l. ofcharda nr n Inentoil that iiiltl-vullon iiiltl-vullon Is "Mt of tin iiue-tlein andlnth.se shsep hot or poultr should bo kept 'liiere III tin doubt hnweve r that whera possible thorough 1 ulture espeilaliy whll the orchard I young, la much to ba desired de-sired Bee and Honey. Mr Doollttle vvhi is well known a authority In be question. In every on Inter sted In btkeeping nume four rolonle a the luigest number a beginner be-ginner In tho business should start with, says the .Massachusetts Ploughman. Plough-man. If a auicess can be. mads with that number th mitujal Increaae will entalgn the opl.irv about as lapldl) as the k eper gains In experience sn that he can nn foi them If a failure results re-sults ftom one or four colonies the loss Is m t very large anil there are then two plan tn choose ftom to give It up entlinly, or tn begin again Willi the ex-iwrlence ex-iwrlence whit h has heen bought an I paid for. But to begin with a hundred colonies bought where they could be nl'ked up Is to inv lie defeat Not unly ha tne latekc per his own lat K of knowledge, to contsnd against but the llshonesty of othei some of whom may sell him riu onlesi inlonles or ihnre that hava been tound to be lin-totloua lin-totloua lonfern nev r gathering niti li honey for there arc su. h In almost nvery nplary nr those vvhlih piefer to get theli honey by tobllng other inlonles Mv.the wuy among lios 11 njnong human brings It usually requires re-quires only uppnitunily and temptation to change 11 loafer Into a robtier Worse than all in gathering many colonies from (lllfeient parties there Is ilways the chinces of g. uing foul brood from some of them tor beekeepers are not all honest About the flint or May Is a good time to stvtt In the business In this latitude thi ugh If a hive Is well title I with bieml 11 id has stores enough I' may be safety purchased earilei Itut at that lime thi re 1 but little dinger of spiing dwindling If thero la a good queen with the colon) Or perhaps a better way for the be-Klnn-r would be to secure his hives supers frnntes section boxes and tomb fouuditlon. with suih other supplies as he may exrect to use as the smoker, veil etc , this spring being suie In havo I nough of Iheni ind mike nrringe-ments nrringe-ments ut some apl ir) tn have them 1111 Iho nlves when they have 1 goo I swirm This will cost less than to buy the full slock In April before Ihey fuaini, and while the Inrrenso will not le as much the firs! )eai a strong rwarni will often store us much honey ns tho old tolnny which has cast a swarm and usually It will winter quite us well This will give mora time In be. eome accustomed to handling them Kor II beginner the hiving of a swarm Is often an undesirable tnsk, but after ho has handled the hoes a ear he will Ihlnk It eia) In do en especial!) If lio has studied nne nr two of the mill) books published on this rubjei t, an 1 read some lice literature or talked with some up.in.dnte lickeeier vvhn doe not use tho box-hive, or talk about the king bee. Spring Keeping of Bes. To obtain the best results our hives should tie fslrl running over with bees olil enough for Held bees and nil frames III the brood clumber tiliet with broTl when lhe honey How N'slns This varies for In some pirls of New lork the sur-plus sur-plus honey eomei. rrom buckwheat which blossoms In August in Michigan and V Is-ennstu Is-ennstu the nurplus in from basewood whloh blooms during the earl) part of Jill) while our surplus Is gathered from white ilover and nil raspberries which bloom earlv In June So each beekeeper htioull studv hi locality nnd adopt a s)s. tern of maiuikiroeiu that will give him the largest numlnr of Held bees Just when thev are 11 t le I It l twintv -in. di)s rrom the time an egg Is deposited In u cell until the living luseci emerges sixteen dil)s more before II liecomes 11 Held tier making lu ill thlrt) sevn da)s to the time that 11 be-1 be-1 imts a workor or Held bee with thl fact In Mew we mut manage our bees so that the queens will reach the height or their eugli)lng capacity ihtrt)-even ilnvs earlier than tho white clover flow b.-klns about June loth which would be Mav 4th The bees thit are raised 'com eggs deposited much srter that date aro ot but little use as Held beas unless we aie favored b) a tall How from golden-rod golden-rod nnd asters To get m queen to 1 iy the most eggs leforo the ubuin date I munahe as rl-liws rl-liws When spring begins or about the Hint sort mil tiles bloom I maae a care tul examination or each tolonv All combs thn are not covered with lues are either removed from the hive or placed outside of the division hoard If ihe are shirt of hone) a sealed comb shout 1 be added Now place an enamel cloth dlreetlv over lhe frame tack it down carefully so that no heat can escape es-cape put mi lhe cover and contract the entrance to suit the needs of the colony If wo do in 1 have an) extra rombs of hinrv thev must be red a very ihln e)rup Tor feed I use Iwn parts w jtsr lo one of sugui and fetd about a I air-pint everv evening In the Dovtittlo dlvielon board feeder, unless the colon) Is quite strong then the quantity Is imreased In about ten du)s 1 examine all colonies again, 1 the combs are separated and a comb of hone) placed In the center nf the cluster The rapplngs on this comb should be broken n that the bees will remove the hone) and make room for the queen to deposit her tags While the bees are re moving the hone) the queen receives an extia amount il reed which stimulates her egg-laving In ten ;luv I again examine each rnlonv U this time the frames are spread from the center us before The central flames whloh will contain mnitly s aled brood ure moved 10 the outside nnd the otits de frames placed in tho ten-tc-i of Hie cluster ind enlarges the brood pest as the season ndmniee b) placing combs of honev or i-mptv combs In the tenter of the brood chamber we pul the brood nesi In un unnatural ootidlllon' and the queen tills ths loinb with eggs Thus we get more eggs 1 11 1 than we would If we left the bees to man .ga themselves These operations should he repealed up to lhe t me lhat the hney How begin Just before putting on the supers I go thinugh the brood chamber again At this time the flumes that contain the mon eggs anl unsealid brood are placed next the sides or the hive and the frames tliut contain the oldest bro id are placed In the center "Iho reason ror this operation opera-tion Is when a iolonv begin storing honey In the brood chumler li Is plated In lh. outside frame. Hist i"tca R plating tho eggs and voungest brood in the outside wo put a Hop to all pnssi-hllity pnssi-hllity or their storing honey there as It will tsk rrom eighteen ti twenty data t ir the brood in these rramea 10 hatcn The oldest hroid will hatch flrst, srd It being In the center of the brood chamber the queen will nil the cells with eggs Just a fun ns tho vouiiu bees tlM from them In this way the brood cham. btr Is kept full nt nrnief during the hone) ilcw which compel iho bees to placo the hone) Just where w want It lhat Is In the super W hlle manipulating 1 domes us 1 have told all dionv combs ehoull lie removed and replaced with thai ot th w irkor slie because more workers can he raised In the simo amount of space -Jesse M Ponaldson before Worcester 1 ouniy (Mass ) Leekeeper' Asaoclail 111 |