Show f K romances of JL poss by bv albert davson in PROGRESS MAKERS who played lightning queen 10 elizabeth izabeth and he her courtiers court lere were duly amazed by certain tous lous tricks performer per formel bt b the court physician dr william gibert rt though nany of the graver or more kersti per sti bious nobles declared aa bla feats worth ler ter of a conjuror conjurer or sorcerer than a dignified 11 medical roan man gilbert bal bat aced a light steel attel needle ou a pivot th thit 1 he rubbed amber against some rough surface nod and placed it near the needle the bit of steel wung slung toward the amber impe impelled ailed by a rol foice ce no one could understand other substance substances diamonds eap map shirts opals opal and amethysts for in stance attracted the ne needle dle when rubbed oven even aa as did dlf the he amber while emeralds coral and jasper tad hid not gilbert had Bt the phenomenon and had discovered that tome unknown force which he called mag netiam wag was generated in certain sub stances by friction he ile did not know what thie this force was but he carried on hie his experiments until he proved the whole earth la is one vast magnet with north and south poles avi that this fact accounts for the dipping and shifting of the compass needle going on this theory be he invented an inspru ment went for blinking bailors their lati tude without help from sun or stars gilbert may justly be termed the fa thor of electricity lie ile it was who first called sciences attention to thie subtle power and strove to sole salle it its mysteries leg in reward he was regarded as a quack and magician robert boyle an englishman who lived a few years later ad adud 4 od gilbert a information t tle discovery that amber would attract at met hanging needle even after the effects of the friction had worn off ateo also azat both heat and friction added to tho the of magnetic maRne tIc attraction otto von guericke a german who lived during the lime period of the seventeenth century went a step further and found that by mounting a ball of eul out chur on a revoir first glimmering Glim merin 9 K tug axis and rub of elect electric ra c bing g it 0 briskly light oh both light and sound of a R sort could be produced this waa was the first rude forecast of the prea present frit electric light to it an eng lishman named tn in 1705 con cna tributes tri buted the discovery that light could be produced by placing mercury tn in an exhausted receiver and forcing common air through it light raya rays were given od off by the globules of mercury this displaced two men were riding through a german forest one of them was john a monk who had been sent by pope leo X to peddle indulgences through germany the other waa N as a stranger bad met on the road a few hours babore the monk wast wad to him hint how to pay par for rebuilding st peters cathedral in robe the pope as at graded rates ticket tickets or parchments which ab solved the purchaser from guilt tor for hie his various sina sins these parchments were known aa an indulgences I 1 wish to com rolt a robbery obi berred served the stranger will you sell me an indulgence and and for what price the sale wai was quickly made at its conclusion the stranger et ranger proceeded to overpower and rob him 0 of f every valuable he possessed then he rode eafe and happy in the knowledge that his sin 1 wae was in advance 16 this incident raised a laugh all over germany hut dut two men did not laugh one fras ins and the other wae was a young peasant who had been educated tor for a lawyer and who to the disgust of bla his family had bad become a P priest r I 1 e a t this a peasant peasant priest waa was martin luther father of fr freed nin of thought and founder of the reforma tion religion Hell glon had bad during the fifteenth century become far degraded from the vere principles of the catholic church of today to day and from the original ori Rinal atly precepts of flood r tide Tlde i of that at church the corruption evils a in this article have no reference to true catholicism but to its abuses by un scrupulous tuen 1 in tho the dark ages luther shortly before this affair of a had gone on a pious pilgrimage m 11 ge to rome what he saw there had horr horrified ined him and set him to thinking laen then camo the public eale sale of at fences vas as the last straw when tet el cane to tn N wittenberg ItI luther 91 locked and amazed the whole world by nailing on the of the church where th monk was to preach a paper ah declared the following truth that such indulgences as old sold were wont than useless timeless that god alone can forgive sin lu and no mor mar tal bas the power to peddle divine pardon that true repentance alone albue can rash anay guilt that indulgences indulgence were money making schemes ache inea and that no aoe can buy his hi ay into the king dom dam of deavet europe was aghast at euch such new strange theories the plain people read them aud and began to think for themselves them selve when once a people be gin to think tyranny a course la is run itie cje noblee nobles too espoused the pas peas i inte teachings tear tea binge things and were eager to bilut it as a 61 stephen gray who experiments I 1 la n electricity 1729 nude made telegraph which paved tho the nay ay for the lie ile found the certa certain in bodies i iad had the POW power er to convey coney electricity that to another r and one object rom from words that others bad not n ot in other were conductors some and some were nob nou conductors were balked by the thedla dif enogh electricity electrIC ty in storing to get around much purpose tor for any this prof prot broeck 1 ti 11 1 1745 ue ge alsed at leden li holland olland aa an luven laven electrical electric ai revolutionized tion study knowing hoi quickly elec electric trici dissipated in open air he ty becomes I 1 by sur of storage a means bit tilt on it with a nonconductor non conductor rounding he hf placing water lir ily 9 sae phial charged thia this water with 01 curlay and bottled it As his assistant was withdrawing the wire with w ith which he bad had electrified elec trifled the water he received a shock that knocked ked him down the storage 0 effia ff icy ot of the leiden le den jar aa as it waa N as called waa was proven frough stored to go 90 could now be now throng 4 a 12 foot wire benjamin franklin improving on experiments ex peri ments ot of a dr watson stab exis the V Francl ln drawn tence of positive down the light and negative elec ning trie poles and demonstrated that all the phenomena and effect effects produced by electricity la to duplicated in thir thunder and lightning lie ito was the first to prove thia this and to draw electricity down from the clouds lie ito performed thie this latter feat by send ing up during a it thunderstorm in injure injune june 1752 a silk kite with an I 1 on point on ita its summit this he attached to a long tong cord at whoso other end a ellk silk ribbon wae wag tied at the juncture of ribbon and string hung a key by rapping thia key with his big knuckles he produced a series of spark proving provin bis his theory true incidentally he lie risked hia his life for there was every chance that a shok powerful enough to cause deahl might havn havo been transmitted all thee theme men merely played with electricity each adding something eom ething to hie his predecessors knowledge of the subject to them it was but a eclen tine toy yet none had devised a paeans for this wonderful fona tome fon a and to make it do the world 1 that lowr ro waa wr feat was re served for a later of men Copyright el MA MARTIN R TIN L LUTHER U THER the th e peasant who conquered an emperor hear bear more of them dut but the clergy were furious luther waa was charged with bwy hwy and ordered to report at once in person to the pope lie ile re fused and continued to preach als be bliefe lie ile declared the dible should bd free to all men to re read ad and interpret aa as they chose and that lie its precept should not be dold dol d out to them the controversy waxed hotly luth er ever gaining new adherents at baat mgt in 1520 the pope excommunicated him and ad ordered hia his books publicly burned luther retorted by burning the writ of excommunication mean blean lime time all germany was rent asunder over the quarrel and the emperor I 1 charles V thought beat best to interfere he ile summon ded luther to appear before him at the city of norms in the presence 1 of the diet council counci 1 to an imer charges of heresy knowing how many runny adherents luther had the emperor promised him a safe conduct yet the accused man mans s friend know ing how bow uncertain was the promise of a sovereign urged him not to put his head in the lion lions s mouth by obeying ther the command if bere there were as many devils in worms as there are chlaup t on the houses I 1 would go and be he went fearlessly he be con fronted the terrible emperor hurling hurting Befi ande at jiin litin expounding hta his doc trials and refusing refu eing to retract ula ills enters the lion lions f friends r I 1 e n d a hurried mouth him away just in time to escape the imperial wrath and forced him to stay in biding for a year lie ile spent his retirement in beginning a translation atlon of the bible into german eo to that even the poorest inight read tead tt it ilia ills Is the in use in irk Gerr germany nAny today to day the emperor proclaimed him an outlaw threatening daro penalties to all wro should befriend him N luther want went fear lessly abroad and preached through out germany denouncing corruption and begging men to lead belter better lives so de oly had the common people and miny of the nobles become at jachad to the reformer that even the emperor dared net molest him dill hia his later year years were emmitte cd ed by religious quarrels among his own followers and by perla and age ments of every hind kind in 1516 at the age of 63 he be died soon after writ ing to a friend the ensuing letter which bowed how bow thoroughly be he ard paid the price of misery which Is the lot of all progress makers I 1 am old worn out weary M spirit Is broken I 1 am blind of one eye I 1 lone tong for a little reit rest and quiet yet as much work remains to be done as ever I 1 am so weary of the world and the world Is so wedry of roe mat the parting will be ae as easy as bat that al of a a guest leaving an inn copyrighted |