Show romances of progress by albert pay payson payin in terhune people to think for SOCRATES the man who first taught themselves if you made a slave 1 dress and live as you dd be he would run away sneered a rich athenian and the man he addressed was one of 0 the first and greatest of progress makers socrates this sage who revolutionized religion thought and education looked more like a comic paper hobo than a genius socrates Socrat ee was wax the son of a statue and learned bis his fathers father a trade tho the greeks of his time D C I 1 worshiped a it colony of goda gods who were supposed to inhabit mount olympus who led scan daloe urea lives and who blessed or cursed man kind according to the whim of the moment to these gods the athenians erected altars made sacrifices and supported eup ported a body of at priests the actions attributed said socrates would disgrace the vilest of human beings it Is imps sible 1 that the world can be governed by such dietler diet les yet he saw that some ruling force foree controlled human destiny and be began to preach the existence of a supreme being befog an all wise and benefi bened cent creator of truth r ti substituted the vast universe for superstition I 0 a thin ls he added the belief that mans spirit la Is immortal and not the mere sport of some man mart made dweller of olympus OlymP ul and that a guardian angel or con coo science dictates all mortal impulse s he ile argued that men should labor and pray to become better ard wiser in stead of making sacrifices of sheep and cattle on the altars of the clym plan gods in hopes of at being favored with luck in war and business busl nesa this doctrine of at higher ideals ideal and the discovery of consciences existence raised a howl from the hosts of arf priests ests but socrates did not stop there he ile attacked the narrow stupid system of education in vogue in athens and sought to rebuild it on broader more modern lines adapting the vague ab facts to practical value and teaching youths to think for them selves he ile was in a way the founder of modern education he ile also assailed municipal graft and incompetence and tried to show his fellow athen tans their duty toward the state etwas it was largely due to his opposition that the tyrannical council of thirty who ruled with the iron hand of at injustice was deposed and a democracy formed As an example in patriotism he served for fo three years as a private soldier winning fame for hia his courage and en durance but he refused to accept promotion in rank or public office of any kind he ile furthermore lived in abject pov erty that he might teach others to think more of the mind and soul than thin of the body rousing peoples dor mant minds teaching th them em to th for themselves fear leMly rebuking injustice and superstition he be public gathered about him so many disciples and admirers admire rs that the goren government ment became serio seriously asly alarmed persecutions and III treat treatment ment became big reward not lot the least of these came cam e upon him at home he ile was married to a shrew named Xan xanthippe tippe who coo could id not in the very least appreciate him and who by her scold ings and beatings made his life a dally daily burden he ile bore all this with the catle patience nce of a true phil philosopher but worse was in store tore a tor for him of thirty council the tyrannous wrom he had so often assailed had I 1 not molested him it remained for the popular democratic government which he bad helped to restore to arrest him bint and bring him to trial for his life he ile was accused by the aut authorities with denying the gods preaching the existence of a new cod and of corrupting the young by his teachings socrates ea replied in effect condemned n dem n e d to that he had aa mere death defies ly y instituted substituted judge judges truth uth for super 1 sti station tion and t that hat hia big only corrupt corrupting ine of the young bad had consisted in making them better educated than their fathers for doing all this he claimed the city she should uld honor and pension him this speech naturally did not serve to pacify hia his judges who next tried to frighten him with threats ts of death socrates answered them that whatever world lay beyond the grave it could not be much worse than athens under its present rule and hat that the change could not be otherwise than a benefit the judges in a rage condemned him to die he ile was led back to prison his ills friends thronged his cell one of them secretly offered him a means of escape he ile refused preferring to abide by the courts ver diet in the presence of his big disciples he drain drained ed a cup of hemlock poison xantippe rent the air with cries of grief he ile asked hta his friends to remove her from the cell so that in his last moments he might enjoy in dying the tranquillity she had always denied him in life then while the poison crept through his veins he preached a powerful a on an the immortality of the soul exhorting his followers to remember hia his teachings and to profit by them he ile ceased only when death at last overtook him in the midst at 0 his sermon thus died socrates first and greatest est of the whole mighty army of phil the man who as a reward for leading his fellowmen froia frow dark ness into the light of knowledge was wall officially murdered but the spark ho he had lighted was destined to illumine the world tor for all tine copyrighted HIPPO hippocrates CRA TES the man who made health in olden times when a man waa was ill instead of dieting or taking medicine be he sacrificed a sheep or an ox to his big favorite god it this treatment did not rint improve the condition at 0 his liver or ar digestion he took it as a eign sign that tho the deity was angry and resigned himself to his fate when owing to the horribly conditions of the age a city or community was smitten by plague or epidemic votive offerings were made to all llie gods on or the list and an army of priests was kept busy sacrificing and praying lo 10 fact there was a special class of con secrates sec rated officials known as priest physicians they dealt in charms omens and amulets in other words they had the same functions as have the north american indian medicine nen men of today to day but in fc B was born a r man nan eon son of a priest physician who in a single generation changed all this barbarous custom to whom we owe our present knowledge of physic diet and sanitary law he ile was hippocrates the father of medicine he ile made health a science and paved the way for every doctor who has since lived like most progress makers Ilip hippocrates poc owed his great greatness to the fact that be was discontented with the customs of his day and sought a log leal ical reason for things which others were satisfied to take for granted tie ile could not see glee bow how the offering of sac orifices and the belief that the me gods held all health or illness Ill at their ills dis dosal would cur cure 0 a at sick ck nun man he ile would have made a very poor sort of 0 christian scientist by a eerie or careful experiments hippocrates HIppocrat ee discovered that certain i i herbs und foods food 5 h had A d direct effect on the human body instead of exhorting trie tries eff effects act 6 of elal leople people to medicine on make burnt offer slaves slave siave ings to the gode gods he aa dosed them with powerful physics luckily the human system in those days was and the medicines strong as the were proved of vast moreover there were always slaves slave on whom to practice in order to find end out how much of any certain kind 0 of medicine or drug tho the system coul could d comfortably stand these marked reforms sent his fame broadcast all over the civilized world orld tie ile was balled hailed as a miracle worker yet in reality he had merely applied logic and common sence to the treatment of fat disease and had bad treed he the practice of medicine from the world old yoke of superstition but the father of medicine per formed other services to humanity even greater than these he ile discovered after many experiments just what foods were beneficial or hurtful to the system and laid down the first rules ot 0 diet ever formulated it la is in the main the same theory of diet that Is in use today to day the fact that regu lating their dally daily fare could keep them in health more effectively than could any priest bloat blest charm amulets or incantations came as a shock of at surprise to the ancients next hippocrates took up ibe the subject of public health sanitation as we understand it lt was unknown there was no board of health nor did civic hygiene exist in consequence epi ept demies of the most fatal and fast organized 0 O zed first spreading kind kinds health depart were of at pitifully ret ment frequent re currency cur renco rates framed the first actual code of sanitary laws and measures for check ing epidemics and was influential enough to have them put into effect to him we owe the first movement that led to the modern health depart ment nor are diet sanitation and the discovery of medicine all for which we are in to the old greeks greek debt he ile devised the science whereby te condition of heart lungs etc Is determined by sound and la Is credited with being the first to practice pra hining in greece G reece all 0 at mankind who did not happen to be greeks were regarded as barbarians barbaria ns it was net thought necessary to treat them a as human persia was greece Gree celo hereda tary foe hen a terrible epidemic ravaged persia the emperor artaxet lea sent bent presents to hippocrates begging him to come came and put down the scourge the doctor Is said to have sent back an insulting int ulal ng refusal declaring his art wpm too t 00 precious to waste on his country g barbaric emy nd the greek world en applauded his decision the this character Is fig perhaps the one an blot on of at a man to whom progress and civilization from owe more a physics standpoint all the rest of than to mankind tor tar today to day acknowledges every doc doe that debt and on elit ering acon on the practice medicine rued ine he takes what ie 16 still ol 01 as is th the hippocratic oath known copyrighted |