Show DRAINAGE TILES niEs SOLVE F FLand Land Rendered Useless b by Surplus of Seepage Is R Reclaimed MUCH WORK DONE IN UTAH I Service Handicapped by Lack of Available Funds Funds Funds- Funds Funds-Ex- Ex- Ex x- x perl pert Investigates Curious n mt as It ma may appear In view of oC the fact that Utah is a state Mate In which agriculture is almost entirely dependent upon Irrigation it I is true that at the present ent time no more mOlo Important qu question I Is presented presente to the farming population of tuna man many portions of th the state slate than the problem of or se securIng securing securing se- se curing adequate drainage for the re removal removal re- re moval of surplus seepage e water and alkali from th the Irrigated d areas C. C C O. O Elliott chief drainage engineer engl- engl neer r of or the ollice of or experiment stations stations sta- sta lons department of or agriculture Is Isn In n Utah looking over the thc drainage work worl being done lone In the state and rund arranging arranging ar aI ar- ar ranging ln plans plan for fot in esti investigations to to be carried out null In drainage during tho ho coming coining year ar by hy iho combined efforts of the hue Utah a agricultural experiment station at Logan and anil the federal department de tie- Ie- Ie of or agriculture by Jv I Drainage rai nag I. I I For twenty years ells or more the Improvement Im- Im pro provement of or agricultural lands by I artificial has been an Irn- Irn factor in the development of lands in the Mississippi valley aliey but itIs it II Itis Is only within recent years that the mme s flu question Uon has received hue duo attention attention at- at in the irrigated West Still it H seems safe 10 tO say a that thai thieve there Is scarcely scarce scarce- I ly an tn Irrigated district in the s state tate of Utah or anywhere throughout tho the West cst In which there have hn not been heen some of the most mosi fertile lands se seriously cc- cc injured or ruined by becoming logged water or with alkali n as a n result of the surrounding surround surround- ing lug extensive I e irrigation It Is equally safe are to say cay l that all such Injuries could ha have ve been entirely n tire I pre prevented If rem- rem drainage m measures a had been Undertaken undertaken un un- en in Iii time lime and In most cases the tho land can be reclaimed h by proper work WI even en after finer becoming coming almost almo t entirely en en- unproductive c A I I S sin I in ii J I Ia ini t I ion Five Fi years ago o the department of or took u up UI the work ork of Ine in investigating investigating In- In e and a assisting In the reclamation reclamation mation matlon of agricultural lands b by drainage drainage drain drain- age and Mr Elliott as al drainage en engineer engineer en- en o of long experience and a lead lead- upon the he subject in this country was put In charge of the work inco Since that time lime investigations have luave been carried on In more than thun half the tate states of the Union including ing lug the salt alt marshes marches of the Atlantic coa coast t. t th the tho everglades er of oC Florida the toe swamps of oC the Gulf states the overflowed overflowed overflowed over over- flowed areas o of the Mississippi 1 valley val val- aJIe Ie toy ley and the seeped lands of the irrigated irrigated Irrl- Irrl gated ate West pst In HOG 1005 the iho Utah legislature for Irrl Irrigation anti and drainage investigations In on 1 tie the otTer offer of or the federal department to expend as al much In addition in this state stale as would be appropriated b by the state This Joint fund Is used by the tho state agricultural experiment station and n 1 the federal department working In co co- co- co operation The results obtained during dur durIng ing the two years cars have ha been heen published pub- pub shed as ag bulletin No o 9 99 1 of the state station atlon at Logan Under this drainage work worl has been heen oared ear ear- ed out In n Cache Weber Box Elder BIder Sevier I Emery and anti Washington counes counties coun- coun ties es embracing a wi wide o variety varlet o of sit sit- conditions and Including important localities throughout the whole hole length o of the state slate Fund i I I. Li Limited it The fund available a for the work worl Is evidently tot too limited to undertake an any extensive amount of or a actual drainage h constructIon The fhe aim of or those conducting con- con dueling ducting tho the work worl is rather to help the farmers to tn help them themselves Any ny draInage improvement properly planned lanned and antI executed I is always a profitable thing for the land owner el It t much more than pays for fOl iL itself J In n the Increased d value vahle of the land I Land and needing drainage and worth only 5 or 10 an acre ma may be worth an acre after aner beine drained and this his Improvement may be he 8 secured atan nt at an n expenditure of perhaps only 10 or r 1 15 per pet acre For example land landin in n Cache count county capable of producing only pasturage h hay with an annual va value I of or not over 1 l lf r. r or 20 2 0 per 1101 acre after fter being drained produced beets i a. crop having a value of or 90 per nero acre An n Intricate Ic Problem However the Hie matter mailer of draining draining- lan land and is not noi the simple question which It t sometimes seems ms Many 1 lug ng farmers IS I'S have attempted drainage ml iy to have their work worl result In lii n uler ut- ut t er r f tItre bire b because cause It II was not properly prop prop- erly lb pla l and was vas not hot a adapted apted to he the soils ar a ain conditions exl existing Such failures havo lJ been very ery dl discouraging an and have ha led leu people to believe that In n some successful srul drainage e ewa wa vas It Il ma may be he lai Jal down as a 11 general rule that thai drainage c s Is s always as pos possible It If f the right methods method ar atc are pursued It Ith Itis Its is h s to 11 and to prevent prevent pre pre- vent ent expensive mistake that thai the chief efforts of or the department engineers are directed Where herc It t u w desired to undertake draina drainage e work worl It I Is the province of oC this to lo examine the conditions existing to mal make wry y necessary necessary ne nt ne- ne ce ar surveys to determine th plan of or drainage be best beM t for tor or the Iho and amI to Ja lay Jay out and supervise the woi WOI ou It Is expected that the actual expense of or doing the work will be hf borne borno by bythe bythe bythe the landowners who receive the bene bene- tits fits In this wa way the people are as assisted assisted assisted as- as I antI and encouraged to work orl along rl right ht lines and are lire given n every r as assurance assurance ns- ns of nr success in their efforts J Experiments Are re In some localities In this state stale where conditions were wore new and untried part of or the actual expense of or con construction has been paid from Crom the public funds in order that various arlous experimental methods metho s ml might ht be tested tester In some ome places as ns at St. St Geor George 1 and ani Huntington Hunting- Hunting ton peculiarly difficult soils J to handle have hae been encountered which have hac rendered render d considerable experiment and Investigation desirable This work t will be continued during the thc next two years under an appropriation b by the la last t legislature Tho rho work is under the direct chargo charge of or Mr C C. F. F Brown of or this city whose headquarters are in the Commercial club building Mr 11 Brown Drown is a n drainage drainage drain drain- n- n age tn engineer of or extended experience and at present Is ia taking Mr 11 Elliott vr v.-r v r mn of or tv localities beauties where here work la Is going on It is tho the purpose of ot his I not ut only to 10 examine a part of or orthe the work already done but hut also to lo plan the work worl ti to tn be he carried on Inthe in inthe the lie future Experiments in the u use c cof of cement nt pipe pip for underground drains are in contemplation The remoteness of some localities and the consequent high bight freight rates prohibit the use of or ordinary drain tile Lumber drains have been heen uP used with good success but hut It is hoped to find a a. wide use for fOl cement tile when the he best t methods for making handling and laying them have e been heen determined Drain Tiles Satisfactory Could all phases of oC land drainage In Irrigated di lets b be recounted many unsuspected difficulties as ns well a as surprising results result would appear The experiment work in Cache and Box El Elder er counties show that drain tiles are eminently satisfactory in those lands an and that surface alkali disappears pears rapidly under the action of ordinary or or- dinar rainfall t an and Irrigation The subsoil Is a firm cia clay and the soil a compact loam Joam which permit read ready drainage and at the lie same came time prevent pro pre vent the entrance of or injurious sill slit Into the drains The Tho effect is marked and andIn andin In ever eVel every eVela a way vay encouraging The lP results near Ro Roy In Weber count county are arc equally encouraging though b by l' l reason of or a bearing water sandy subsoil It was found necessary ar to place a boa hoard id In the bottom of or the trench upon which to Ja lay the tiles Core Care was WIlS required In covering covering- the Joints Joint of or the drain an and In backfilling the trench Mr Ir Hobson with whom a I. I operative co arrangement was made anti and upon whose land Jand the work was done gives most satisfactory rt reports ports of or the effect which the these c drains have hare upon the field held Two principles ha have havo been quite definitely definitely def def- ef- ef established l h by the work so far done says lays Mr 11 Elliott One Is that thai drains should b be not le less than four feet and if It possible live five C feet et deep The other Is that comparatively few drains are needed to drain a tract tractor or field held If It tho they thoy are located correctly with respect to both lino line and anti depth Many any factors pertaining to successful and economic drainage have ha been determined de the- anti and could be bc pointed out I among which ma may be mentioned the great difference found In the tho behavior lor of ot wet f soils Rolls In various arlon sections of or the state and the variety orlet of or methods and devices which the farmer on anti and drainer mu must t re resort ort to to lo overcome local dif thi- A as valuable feature of ot tho the experimental work Is Lq that In every een case cac It Is conducted upon the farm with the aid of the owner along practical practical practical lines hines which he can follow If It the tho work proves prows successful tul |