Show I E IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCHOOL III IIII I ITS AIM AND PURPOSES PURPOSE PURPOSE I I 1 II I John Juhn S. S Welch I G Grammar I Grades GIh Stilt Salt t Inke lnla Cl City II Before DeCore proceeding to deal with wih literature litera 1 ture tun In time the gr grades eg Its Is place and purpose pur pur-I pur pose It I may be ic advisable at to cOI consider what literature Is as mis as' as commonly de- de lt- lt 10 l cd d. d Prof Clark says says- as a's Let us lS admit for foi forthe the time sake of or argument that literature literatures Is s the time lal language Un l of oC emotion anti and Imagery with wih little lite or no anneal ro the time intellect It I t Is still tl worthy worth of or study for or tho the real pleasure and ammi enjoyment that may muy 11 bo hu had from I It ht Charles Eliot Elot Norton says Chan Change e ea a as the world worl ma may with wih the time rise neil fal fall all of or empires change us u man nH may In knowledge belief belef and manners hu human human hu- hu man nature remains unaltered In H iti It elements unchanged ll from a ago f to age and it I Is with wih human nature In Its Is va various various va- va rious guises great poets leu deni i i 1 acquire a love for Cor or the time best eMt poetry amut a n JI Just t understanding of or It I I In is the thc chief end In time the study of or literature It I is J by means of poetry that th time the Imagination Imaginations Is s quickened nurtured anti and invigorated and It H I Is through the tIme exercise of or his Imagination that tint man can Iv live a life that Is 15 In a true sense ense worth living It I t Is his hl Imagination that hal lifts him him from froni the he petty et transient an and physical In Interests interests In- In which engross s th the greater part parl of his huhs time and thoughts hou in self re re garding pursuits pursuit to the thc large pernia- pernia font nent and spiritual Interests Interest which en ennoble ennoble ennoble en- en noble hl his nature and amid transform him from a sol solitary tar Individual ual to a member mem meni- ber of 01 tIme the brotherhood of the human race Emerson says a It I Is In the tw grandest strokes of tho Iho poet that we feel reel most at home All Al that Shakespeare Shakespeare- S says of tIme the tl king yonder onder sup slip lp of oC a boy O who rends reads In the corner feels to 10 be true of or Ii himself I t. t Carlyle Carlle says The true poet hoot the theman theman man in Imi whose heart hert there remains some Borne effluence of divine wisdom some som tone lone of or the eternal melo melodies lc is the 10 most t precious gift git that can be bestowed upon upon up up- on a generation He lIe sees men more moro 01 I clearly than the they j see e themselves R and i reveals events to lO them their own dim ideala Matthew Arnold Arnoll himself himsel the tho peer of ot the Lime men of letters ss s The Time I grand work worle of or a n literary consists consists con con- In iii the tho faculty of oC bein being being Inspired hv by a i certain Intellectual and spiritual atmosphere b by a certain order of Ideas and or of de dealing divinely with wih these Ideas Prof Woodberry oo says says- Literature I Ithe Is I the mind of or all nih al the race and ml the language Inn Inn- guage ot or all al the time world so Hie are arc re n a 1 few rew of oC tho ho attempts that have been blen made malc to reduce literature to 10 a n definition and to Intimate some flome of its functions If I tho the first statement were to be accepted ac tic- cI pled literally then It I would woul have to tobe tobe be admitted that lint the time products of or hl his lower centers were the th most enduring of oC mans man's creations If I the time pages of history history his his- tor tory ar are cosel closely l scanned cannet it I mi may be he seen readily enough that systems of government have been organized that seemed n as enduring as the time ages religions rel- rel reli rehi- gions glons have b been en formulated with wih the of ot di divinity dl- dl apparent sanction and approval 11 vinity and temples of or worship have ha been n reared that seemed ns as 01 set sis us tho time pyramids I systems of social and Industrial life which a absolutely indispensable have havo o ha sprung Into being nil all at these apparently Included Include the time to totality to- to of oC mans man's life for all at time the expression lon of oC his spiritual hunger Its Is longing and Its Is hope was merely a n. side Issue y Yet t the these c governments 0 now live on only I In story these religions and temples of oC wor worship have been leen red re reduced rO- rO d to a memory every lvery phase und and form Corm of ot social und and Industrial life have yielded to the time compelling change-compelling wave of or pro progress while the time great spiritual expressions embodied In the time literature lr of ot the time people still live 1 0 with wih all al of ot their olI original significance and meaning The rime literature of or the people voicing time the hopes and aspirations of th lit tho past endures en endures en- en n- n dures from age ase to age voicing the hopes and aspirations of an ex ever present It I lows Hows Into the tho present from th the past points the fu future ru- ru U- U ture und mutt embodies the lifeS life life- ICe ICe- S essence of the time spiritual In iii II man moan Literature Llero- Llero Litera Litera- ture turu Is the language of oC the time human rit I it Iti n morn tS 1 of Sr great rent exultation tion Uon It I docs 1005 not depend upon the conventionality con con- of language for Cor all al that the time bards hards of or old have sung xung lunK in Sanskrit or Hebr Hebrew In Greek or Latin or any other combination of oC characters to represent represent rep rep- resent through sound human fueling feeling and emotion ready rendy response In Inthe Inthe Inthe the heart of or the modern reader whether er I time they were originally sung amid the solitudes of the time mountains mountain or In fertile fertile fer fer- tile Ule valleys amid the pomp of royal roal courts or the time splendor of ancient cities Their songs are arc still full ful of or life lre anti meaning menning whether dealing with gods and men on the tho tte neIs of Troy Iroy or wandering wandering WId wan wan- WI- WI d dering with Ul Ulysses ses In the face of or great grent hardships and perils peril or 01 picturing the Lime sacrifice of or s self lr for Cor others of oC an un Alcestis Al- Al cestis or the lime devotion e of oC an Antigone to a hl higher hr low or portraying the time agon agony of or soul of or a n Prometheus or a n Siegfried If I the he II n abiding thing from age to 10 UJ age Is I the great literature of a Q people popl surely lt must must-be b something more than j W o r r t t. t 1 J- J t h J. J 0 I 1 Ij F l 1 J the mere expression of o the tl emotion and Ira Imagination May Ma Ia It not be he more prop prop- 11 ns as HI time the Ue product of tIme the In Intellect him In- working workinG under time the stimulus o or of emotion timid and Ima imagination on spiritual things timings to pro produce uce u a I spiritual result Just as the time achievements o of science and amid Ind Industrial ii If life fe mire arl ro I the lie products of nf the Intellect working under the time stimulus of f emotion and Imagination on immaterial H erial things timings to produce material results results' Ever Every achievement nt of the time human race was urns fins I nn arm idea Ilta in him 01 one man i s in mini i md 1111 the time construction was vas the tho Idea externalized ex cx- x- x I hit tho ll idea expressed S ll and d dell de de- ll ii n ed S Who 10 can en conceive of or worth worthy work worl done Ilon In iii the time world n In lii ar which ih lh motion molon DU and amid Ip Imagination t ion did not pIn play I i l i part pirt Vh What t roust must have been ln 1 he lie imagination of or Michael Angelo Angela to see et time the th form of oC his ml mighty ht 1 Moses ses Imbedded Im mm- bedded In iii the time unyielding unyielding stone and Js is lo us he lie lt saw v his It idea ont a materializing through conscious effort his emotion and imagination as ashe ashe R Rhe he hung flung fung his ImIs time enduring pictures on 01 time the dome lome of oC the time great Italian cathedral What must have ha been een the thc mighty emotO came emo- ton tO and ammi imn imagination of Columbus as ashe fR fRh h he contemplated the time Western 1011 route andas and as he lie thought though carried his contemplations Ions to 10 reality Who ho can overdraw the time masterful emotion md imagination of If f Galileo as h ho he projected his visIon Islon to the Infinite depths through hl his Invention to dl discover the laws laWN of or motion mo mo- thou tion What vast 1st emotion and amid 1111 Imagination ion tion lon must have sustained Edison cl on through his hours of or vl vigil n and lt labor laborIs is as he lie forged the time l chains to tomake tomake tomake make It I subservient to mans man's drill needs nell What an nn emotion I and Imagination Ina Lion tion tOI must Intuit have sl d Charles Darwin Darwin Darwin Dar Dar- win a ns LB h he devoted dc years of or study tl y to account for or the orl origin ln of species species' Who ho can cnn fathom the emotion antI lion ton of Marconi In their daring laring flights cont contemplating enlisting time the very ory at atmosphere nt- nt Into inLo tho the service of mankind a ns us message e bearers hearers What IU must t hl been the sustaining m l amid Imagination Imag hag of or Socrates s as ho d to strike the tIme shackles from the time minds of ot Athenian youths or n as hr lie Il the time hemlock in defense of bf an nn Idea Ilea What must lust have have- e been een the time Inspiring emotion en and anti Imagination of or Savonarola a ns as he lie Imp proclaimed that If Ir created In the s or his Maker Inker man maim must Indeed be b. b G Godlike amid PS vs he surrendered his life lre prot protesting that practice and precept must form the time divine equation And Amid what tho time divine of or the lowly emotion and Imagination Man of or Nazareth as he ho scourged tin time money changers from rom the time temple tempi us mrs ushe ushe he me tau taught ht the time multitude from the time ns os he lie unflinchingly facet his problem In tho Garden of or as ns he lie sent his re e of If mercy ringing down the tue a ages es In Forgive ForgIve For give ghe them Fattier Father for they timey know not hot what they do The Tho Intellect rises to Its Is highest Bt in every lr and ind 11 form of human Activity Ac rc- rc when Impelled I h by a powerful l emotion by a 1 quickened Ima ln- ln oton and guided by nn an educated t ted will wiL Surely Surel the he highest flights of or time the tte Int Intellect Intel intel- l- l meet lect are arr In the contemplations of pC the things of or the time spirit l Ku ulton notion of or LIterature and specialists In child study agree that lint the time period of ot adolescence adolescence cence Is 18 time the Impressionable age of or childhood and that timm th child at nt this period Is II more easily Im Imbued with wih fine emotion tender feelings and high Ideals than at 1 any previous or subsequent fluent quent luent period of or his hits existence ence The function of literature is JR to stimulate this soul o l growth and to tu make the best that hns ever b been on thought In the tint world tho time portion of or ever every one born Into the time world Its Is function runcton Is to lift I. I Mm lA r r ler from the contemplation of oC material needs ne ds and antl ad advantages es to time the contemplation of oC the needs neels of oC the time spirit In hn Its hun hunger er tint and thirst for ne ness j. j Its Is function Is to brInk to each Individual the tho the priceless tr treasures A of the time a ages es In terms of ot the spiritual en environment rim rim- 11 and through It to o enable the time Individual to rise to higher her and yet more mont mol hl hugh high h Ideals an and aspirations of the thc spirit Ever the tho old Ideals ls ur tire are realized ll over ever time tho newer and amid 11 the thc higher ideals Ideal take Jake ake their place ever the Individual and tho the race strive to realize their best belt i h rr h c luch to set st mind Lion tion ton In Tim tho time Inability up aspire toward nn on Ideal 1 Is 12 recorded the time then i n i f t the Limit I soul O l Time The tendency In school work to foster tire the stud study of mathematics of the of or manual training an and physical phy phi culture nn and the almost utter dl disregard ills dis re regard of or time the 11 1111 study of oC literature In Inthe Inthe Inthe the elementary schools has been due to 10 time the desire tp Ip secure the adjustment of or time the individual to hi his hll environment The Time vital mistake has hns been In assuming assum In ing that limit environment en Is li essentially e material ma ma- Schools rind and school men turn In rn nanny many localities have havo famIlial failed 11 to take notice of the he higher hl the lie more mort worth worthy the time norm more permanent eJ environment nt or of the of-the the spirit hence t the criticism 1 of or time the Godless Godless God less schools chool Time The spiritual Ut I en made malle up imp Ul y 1 g h r. r J. J tr S t of ot the accumulated treasures of oC time I I ages IlIC lh hi 1 mighty rl contributions of I the time the great poets poet prophets seers eer F From the tho material 1 and amid worldly hope hop man t I i h-i imus hul n to the larger hop through faith The purpose of tho great grent literatures lIteratures' I l is lt lo th tue tho thought and amid hope hop that In iii tie the lon long lon long purposes und ud processes pro pro- of Ut lime truth mu may prevail and ad rJ right hl not wron wrong dominate the time uni uni- 1 verse re I If J f this I h Is untrue ir in 1 trim m mm I. I i S right shall not prevail In hn the time lon long bug run then therm the time dominant Influence In hap shap ing Ing- tho hit hl course of or events event lt i is oOm t. t devil e 1 amid not nOI of ot God God on nn Gol-nn nn unthinkable hl u Imo Tho movement of or literature through h tim the tl grades may be dealt with wih briefly In time the lower lowr grates grades the work In liter liter- mire turc should hould be lie from the lime li nursery mind and jingles of or the side firesIde ll to lQ th time the best of or time tiu myths 11 fairy u m riO 1 i 0 tales mains The myth hn has been n w well l 11 defined a as 38 the imperfect an answer women liH nature u rt tIe gives elves 10 to t the lP chil childish Ish soul Ol I of man It I ls is thO childish souls soul's oll attempt to ma solve th the unknowable HI ills His answer ls Is 11 In terms of the lie experiences which he lie has hn to lO Invest eSt tn nail and the time highest l flights of or th this th mo most t rigid scientist nr are nothing more Time The legend arid IId fairy tale tall at their best hN merely testify to the the truth already expressed Jre S tl that selfishness must yield Id tn to t. t unselfishness 9 ugliness to lo beauty CU evil e 1 to good gooI ha to to lov br l' l Th Tie I I hero tol tales appeal to children n nt nl th the Ihl age wh when n they are arc not hot yet conscious of or their own lImItations limitation I In y nt-y tin then Interested In Iii II action heroic heroic no Ut notion tion ton things Ion things doing on a I big scale coll Noth Nothing oth ing lug i is impossible to mo them nothing Impossible Im ha- possible to their heroes hros The rho r f.- f. munching Idea Ilea of hero worship may I b hi fostered o at this time as 18 It I should be he for Cor worship hero at rut iu IR best bt Is 18 time the th expression ex x of oC humanity's belief In n an ami ideal Ih The lime hero hem of ur m I au m. m well wll be succeeded by the romances 0 of or history 1 tO 1 the legendary heroes by th h heroes |