| Show K A Campaign Is Coming v and it will bring Slanders aid and I Slanders Songs Slogans Symbols I SYMBOLS OF PARTIES POLICIES AND CANDIDATES I I s By ELMO SCOTT WATSON DIES and gentlemen of ot Amer Amer- leI cal I The greatest show chow on onearth onearth o earth Is le about to begins begin 1 I L No this announcement hasn't anything to do with I P. P T. T barnum the brothers Buffalo Hill Bill Cody or any of ot the others otherl who have hue made circus history i This greatest show on onearth o 11 earth Is the tile quadrennial drama of ot a Presidential election hold horses bt because Cause So your The animals in the political zoo are coming I Watch them III as s they pass t. t N letters 0 0 0 O. O l P. P Theres There's an aD elephant with the r t on Its II side aide de That stands for tor Grand Orand Old Party larty for the elephant Is la the symbol of ot the lie party t Three There's I n a donkey yea yes yel and a crowing I 1 t rooster Both Hoth of ot them are symbols of ot the Democratic Demo Demo- I f cratic party lorty although the donkey donkel Is II the more i 1 familiar one Theres There's a n tiger r albeit a lather rather subdued J one lies He's not nearly so fierce as he once was wal f r back In the days when his hll followers completely dominated New York city had a great deal deat to 1 1 V t say lay about who was wal the governor of ot New York YorkI YorkA eL I Z y A r 4 state and anti exerted a II considerable Influence In Ini InV ins i V i s national politics For the tI tiger lr Is the symbol of ot ji n that powerful Democratic organization Tammany Tam Tam- HalL lIalL i. i many man w 11 Theres There's a camel the animal that can go a along along o Y long time without a drink Naturally Its It's the symbol of the drys dryl In the Prohibition party larty One animal however Is II missing from th the parade and has haa been missing milling since 1912 1312 That's That the Hull Dull Moose the symbol of ot a II party which t Lr p tit r roc N e 1 A Ili der rp tio hp A. A a I l rs t rw Th The Th First Appearance of the Republican Ele El Elephant 1874 was WOI once powerful enough to send the can elephant down to defeat and amI give Rive to the 1 Democratic donkey th the victory which It couldn't wIn win Itself That was Will back bock In 1012 when ex ex- ex President Theodore Roosevelt led a revolt In the ranks of ot the Republican party after the nomination nomi nation of hits his former friend William Howard toward Tuft and formed a II new third party porty which ho tie called the Progressives The rho crowing rooster symbol which many Democratic Dean Dem editors run at the tho mastheads masthead of ot their newspapers In campaign years earl and which appears ap ap- ap pears pear arl on official ballots In some states had Its origin back In 1840 In that year ear a curtain Joseph Chapman was wal the 1 Democratic candidate for the Indiana legislature from Hancock county Things were looking very gloomy tor for the Democrats Demo Demo- Democrate crate cratl that year The country was still suffering from the panic of ot 1837 1831 and of ot course the Democratic Demo J erotic cratic administration under Van an Huron Duren was Will being being boIng be bo- ing blamed fur for It Moreover the singing Whigs under the tho lead leadership of ot pen Oen William Henry Harrison the Hero of ot Tippecanoe were developing great strength In fact tact they were so o successful In Inthe inthe the Rooster state that George editor of Ce rye e Indianapolis Constitution a Democratic paper pa per r wrote to a certain Sebastian of as follows I have been Informed by a Democrat that In one part of ot your count county 80 30 O Van Ituren Buren men have turned for tor Harrison Ilease Please let me we know if It such luch be the fact tact I think such luch a deplorable state stale of ot fact cannot exist It If so 10 I will visit Hancock and address the people relative to the policy of ot the Democratic party 1 I hue have no time Ume timeto to spare but I will refuse to eat cat or sleep or orrest orrest rest so 10 long as anything can be done Do for heavens heaven's s sake ke stir up the Democracy See Chapman Chap man maD tell teU him not bot to do as AI be he did heretofore lie He used to create unnecessary aarl alarm be bea must crow we have bave much to crow over I 1 will Insure this county to give alve a Democratic majority of 00 votes vote Spare no bO pains pain This letter tetter happened to tall fall Into the hands handl of the Whigs Whip who promptly published It t In an Indianapolis paper as AI a means of ot ridiculing the Democrats Democrat However ever It bad had the opposite effect and Crow Chapman Crow became the slogan of ot UM the Indiana Indians Democrats When the Indiana Sentinel was launched In n IS 1341 1841 It carried at the top of at the front page the picture of ot a proud rooster and under It the slogan of ot Crow Chapman Chap Chap- man IDAn Crow In ID time this symbol spread all over OUT the countr country and became the popular emblem of ot the Democratic party although the more widely widely- used symbol by bl cartoonists U is the donkey j The donkey seems to have hue first been used In 1837 1831 In that year jear tar Andrew Jackson making his hll farewell address as he retired from the tile Presidency ll I deny dency bud bad a great creat deal to say lilY about the pros pros- I rou condition In n which he be left the country As AI a matter of ot tact fad that prosperity was as a snare and a delusion Ills 1111 destruction of or the tho United States bank and the distribution of ot the treasury surplus bad had paved the way wal for tur a flood of ot wild cat currency which led to wild speculation Jackson bad had sowed lowed the tt-e wind and Van Ouren Duren his bl I reaped the whirlwind of a severe sever J financial panic Male i e A J. contemporary cartoon bearing the title o oThe ol 01 f The Modern Salaam Balaam and anti His Uti Ass Au shows Jackon Jack Jack- I sot POD on mounted on a donkey across whose whoa withe n bangs banes baD a bag bac labeled Specie Currency Currency n. n lating bUn tedium Medium A J. ghost labeled Bankrupts o ol 01 f 1 JU to 1837 Is le causing the donkey to balk and nd Its III rider Is belaboring It with a cane labeled Veto eto Behind De- De hind them walks Van Huron nuren saying I shall trend tread In the footsteps of my Illustrious celis cessor ceasor or It J From rom that time on during the disputes s over the money montY question the donkey appeared frequently In the cartoons of the day dal and apparently became be be- became came come rt recognized as a symbol of ot the Democrats Democrat But Hut It remained for tor a born foreign born cartoonist to make the Democratic donkey so widely widell known that tt It has been accepted as the principal Democratic Democratic Demo Demo- Democratic cratic symbol ever since He lie also gave us UI the Republican elephant and the Tammany tiger That man was Willi Thomas Nast Nut perhaps the greatest greatS great est eat cartoonist this country has hall ever known Drawing for tor Harpers Harper Weekly during th the Civil war his hll pictures which stirred the patriotic blood of ot the North and sent hundreds of ot young men to Join the colors had made him known throughout the country and end I resident President Lincoln was said laId to have declared once that Nests Nast's cartoons were the best recruiting sergeants sergeant on the side of the Union After the Civil war Nast cartoons came Into even ven greater fame tame as al he turned his attention to the he heated politics of tile Uie times limes The great contest conlest con can test lest at that time was wal between President Johnson and Edwin M. M Stanton the secretary of ot war whom Johnson was WOI trying to remove from office Nast was Will strongly Johnson anti and pro When Then Stanton died Just after his hll elevation to the Supreme court bench by bl President Grant the bitter feelings of ot the Stanton Johnson feud fend had bod by no means died down and southern louthern Democratic papers attacked Stanton even In n their obituary notices On January IS 15 10 1870 Nast drew his bis first donkey cartoon It pIctured Stanton as al a dead lion kicked b by a donkey labeled Copperhead Copperhead copperhead Copper head papers Underneath were the lines Unes A Alive Alive Alive live Jackass Jackall kicking a dead POd Lion Uon and such Inch a aLion Lion I and such soch a Jackass 1 I Nast Nut did not Immediately repeat the donkey symbol lie He had hOd others for the Democratic party part the th serpent In some lome cases and the fox tox In others otherl Nast's Invention of ot the elephant as ns a symbol of ot the Republican party came about In a half bait alT affectionate jab at his bis own political party In 1874 1814 the Republicans faced their first Bret defeat detent since coming Into power In 1800 It was wal not a Presidential year but In New York Samuel J. J Tilden fighting against the Republican governor John A. A ulna making a edged double-edged light for that office Tilden lUden appealed to all nil classes of ot voters for tor he had been a prosecutor of ot Tweed and he was also a member of ot the reformed Tammany Tam Tain- many Hall hail The strength of ot tho the Democrats lay not In any local Issue or In the power lower of ot their candidate There was a national Issue at stake whether or not a President of ot the United States should have a third term Grant was nus believed to be determined to run for resident President again In In 1870 The principal opponent to the the Idea Itta was James Gordon orton Uennett's Bennetts New York Herald which shrieked Incessantly I At this crucial moment Nast drew his cartoon showing the first Republican elephant It was culled called The Tile Third Term Panic The New York Herald an ass dressed In a lions lion's skin labeled Is braying loudly and all of the anI nulls In the forest are fleeing In alarm The Tribune Is shown as al a giraffe the WorM World ns as an owl owl dropping an arithmetic book the Times us liS a o unicorn with a monocle At the edge of ot an abyss barely hidden by broken planks market marked Repudiation Reform Tammany and Reconstruction Is II a huge elephant market marked Republican Vote Nearby Is a halt half fox tox with features suggesting Ill Tilden's dens den's and labeled labeled labeled la la- Democratic Party Two weeks afterwards Nast drew a sequel t to that cartoon It showed the elephant tumbling I HARRISON AND TYLER o OLD L KNOX oX IN MANHOOD l TUC TUE DEFENDER OF or HER IN IN- FANCY a bra bra- i ti t s r.- r. s.- s. I. I I au t 1 11 gl j J s 's c r 41 Knox County Indiana Whigs Whig Ones Once Wore This Badge down Into the pit with the tho rotten planks and th the e rejoicing animals following follo and It wa wilt was called i Caught In a Trap Trap the the Result of ot the Third Te tU m I Hoax From that time on the elephant was repeatedly re nL the symbol of ot the Republican party t In InI Inthe n I I the Nut Nast cartoons Hut But It was Iii not until 1 1580 I that be he showed the donkey and the elephant to Aether rether marked Republican party an lull ud d I Democratic party porty In this cartoon the elephant lay ny a asleep leep before the White House se while the donkey was jumping 01 over er a cliff ell IT Into financial chaos despite the efforts of ot Senator Hayard Bayard to pull ull It back by the tall as 81 he be exclaims Hold on on und mind you may may mal walk over the sluggish animal up there here yet et Other cartoonists were quick to adopt Nuts Nests symbolism and for tor the last CO ro years the can elephant the Democratic donkey donkel and the Tammany tiger have been commonly accepted members of ot our national notional political zoo Hut But those these animals have not been the only party symbols The use of ot symbols as graphic portrayals of beliefs political creeds moral Issues and economIc economic eco- eco policies began early In our history One i r ls t h o i h. h The Democratic Donkey as at Depicted Depleted by Thomas Thom Nast Nut In 1870 ot of f the earliest was Will the black cockades which the he Federalists wore In their hats hate In 1703 1708 to distinguish them from and as 81 a rebuke to the Republicans the forerunners of ot the modern democrats who were wearing the trl color trl-color color of ot trance France as evidence of ot their sympathy for tor the new republic across the Atlantic When Andrew Jackson was the Democratic candidate for President his partisans revived his ils popular nickname Old kor gained during dur- dur Ing ng the Indian wars and the War of 1812 and made the hickory their symbol They carried hickory canes In Imitation of ot the one on which Jackson JackMon always carried d. d They held tumultuous rallies n around round hickory poles set up on the village green town common or public square or set one up UI on en u II wagon which headed their campaign processions In these processions marched Democrats Dem S carrying hickory boughs and companies of ot Hickory linda little boys In Jumpers white underclothes and broad brond white collars collors and little girls In white dresses with blue and red sashes Perhaps the most famous campaign In which a symbol played placed plo ed an Important part purt was the Log Cabin and amI Hard Cider campaign of ot IS 1840 1810 O. O A Democratic newspaper had repeated a sneerIng sneering sneer sneer- Ing remark that land hud been made about the Whig candidate Hen Gen len William Henry Harrison the Hero of Tippecanoe It sold said Give him a n barrel of at hard bard elder cider and a n pension of ot two thousand thou sand a jear ear and our word for tor It he will sit the remainder of ot his days das In a log cabin by the side of ot a n sea sen con coal fire and study moral philosophy The Whigs joyously accepted the symbols thus suggested 1 Everywhere ery the voters turned they saw a log cabin with a barrel of ot elder rider In frost front of ot the door and a coonskin tacked tucked on Its willis walls or a live coon perched on the root roof There were log cabin badges watch charms earrings medals handkerchiefs shaving soap etc and washwomen wash wah women advertised nd that they would do ilo up gentlemen's gentlemen's gen gen- shirts In log cabin style The result I I of ot this plus the songs and slogans lIns In praise of Tippecanoe and Tyler Too was the over over- overwhelming overwhelming whelming victor victory of ot Harrison the Indian fighter and frontiersman over Martin Van un Buren Huren the aristocratic New Yorker who was the Democratic Demo Demo- Democratic cra cratic tic candidate In this campaign too appeared the predecessor predecessor cessor of ot the full dinner pall symbol of later lati r campaigns It appeared In the form of ot this slogan of the Whigs Vans Policy Fifty Cents a n Day Ony and French Soup Our rolle Policy Two Dollars Dol Dol- lars Are a Day and Roast Reef Closely akin to the appeal of ot the log cabin In n IS 1840 10 was the symbolism of ot the 1800 ISA campaign when fence rails were the emblems of ot the He- He who had nominated Abraham Lincoln the Illinois rail splitter for tor the Presidency Sim 81 Similarly m- m the fact tact that Ulysses S S. S Grant had bad once engaged In the lowly occupation of a tanner was used In n hIs bis behalf when wilen he was a candidate for tor President In 1808 Tanner fanner clubs bearing sym syra- bola bols emblematic of ot the trade trade marched In his honor bonor shouting on the enemy and well we'll tan his hide l I In these parades also appeared men wearing shaggy baggy and obviously fur tur coats Coati In fact tact one of the most remarkable things about the symbolism of ot a Presidential campaign Is la the number of times some form torm of ot wearing apparel has been an Important element In the appeal to the voters The fringed hunting bunting shirt and leggings of ot the frontiersman worn b by men men signing The Hunters of ot Kentucky were much In evidence during the |
