Show of America iW 1 y 3 M vr eg l Mr 4 4 w f tt i J 1 cA 1 17 I p n iS it fJ t wf 41 I I J 1 r lf f f t S' S t Y ii 0 0 6 64 1 il w v 4 L r h 1 I r. r to I u tJi r lJ- lJ v r III t 0 f J ri e Note ote Editha L L. L Watson author of this article I Ia I. a western archeologist who hat has made excavations excava lIons I and Important discoveries In the Southwest under the direction of Dr Walter Hough head curator of the department of anthropology United States National museum She Is II well known as a writer on archeology anthropology and allied subjects By EDITHA L. L WATSON II of tourist pass 1118 ul 8 through the Ihl every Tl T minds ore ure tilled 1111 w with hb the strange flights of or r California ur or the varied Interests In lu- teresta of their eastern homes and nn they of the see nee nothing more country through which I they hi ore aro tm traveling cling than Ira 1111 II t I spaces moth nothing Ing more ot of if the people time till dirty unkempt 11 res who Jinn hun linns around railway St Occasionally a traveler will huy buy Dome crude crud from front one II of ut these station Indians but b by the Ibe time thus the Ilie end of the Ihl journey has hus heen been reached I the h. h hideous 1011 of the tilt Southwest l I Is III discarded us as the ugly unit und u useless II thing It U. U According to 10 Dr Pr I U that lint Is hc the source of the dens about the south south- w and his hla country Doctor IU III should know he Is director of the Ihl School Behead of American und and 1111 nn et ethnologist and ii second to In none untie In III Am A America en Ii We 1 would nut not Judge the Int lent Hebrews liv hy the ghetto or orIle orthe the Ile Anglo III Ulla Sa hy lIy the till down down-ami outers of ot the lime dl city chy it hl he hI aces In lu Ancient Life In the Ih Amer- Amer lean mi Southwest test published ul d recently II I I h hy hr the Hobbs Hobbs- Merrill hun have no nn of ot the Ihl Indian and acid judge the rule nice A 1 striking striding of Inconsistency people generally Is III thim I while I they hi consider Ih the modern dirty IlIr r is u a ll i i m t her MI ris hie t to 10 n have t about mit I they hi rend with a avidity l filly news IM stories hurled buried cities accept with c complacency the time orl theories of their i ail antiquity Ii millions of ot years old and lie believe bet startling shout about Indians In that Hint mil H In print as us If anti It this Indeed Indeed In III deed 11 1 U ls 1 sometimes averred the modern Indiums Indians lire ate on nn entirely separate race from front tho people whose e to handiwork lIrk evokes e s the astonishing stories h heals finds this Ihl tendency strange yet 11 w widespread ide It l' l Is li 11 1 lIr Miry to In repent again lIln and an II Hindu 11 he III says I that all nil mi 1111 II remains w whether of cr plains tribes mound builders cliff lilt dwellers I lII Nusha Maya Inca hIli are ure Jul the Ihl works of f the Ilie Indian tic tic- Ion lion nod 1111 romantic lie III adds archeology have hare a n alinn ntine linn tine hold on oh the reading Well taking hiking It II for grunted that Doctor Hewell's Hew lie ells ell's Sill statement Is 18 I Prue me rut what then It II does I seem Im fit fetched far In to Mich monuments a o as Puebla leI or nr IIII Verde to In lie hI the work rk of nt dull like hut those thoM who ho Infest the To Tn rends Just how haw this the Mum can lie he we must go In hack to tn the I hi 1 of thins r tery when nalie ns na th the lie Indiana say not army I not mill millions 1 of years 1111 nor even IU hundreds of nr thousand but hilI hack back only a n little further farther than Ihan our Year One During Dunne the Ihl comparatively timely IhlI short time Bins of a U thousand years the southwestern south western Indians were developing h agriculture anti anil making hll basket rand and pottery starting rather crudely no doubt but III because Ihl hey were an Intelligent In I. nod and rice race advancing as a rapidly illy us liS conditions x Enemy races rill such sea 1111 have changed I Kun t pe from II time ate Immemorial did dill not to In bather h. h them The building problem hud hall not lIot yet lt begun In 10 II assume all any ant great proportion tion Hons Small houses I well enough made nu gave t room for tr the ceremonies which should be Ill conducted decently and In order shelter from mum storms mud and anda muda a n place phul to 10 store attire things mind and what whal did they want more amore than this this' These Theoe people were Ire Just JUit growing up u us a II race finding I themselves Ill 1 anti and learning what Ihl they could ou do TIC The building peak came comae In the tilt nest nett time live hundred hundred hun dred years approximately Doctor I lew- lew Hi Wt believe whim Ith the Tenth century A A. A I D. D It was wn during time the that the Immense communal houses I the Ilie hI wonder and delight of ot came taupe Into being In It heir glamorous settings the mysterious II walls walla udd Infinitely to the Ihl Ghana of title this fascinating III ht ing ct country Their builders worked with such uch uchI Mire cure and anel skill shill that the lIol result my Will was marvelous Doctor Doc nIC I tar tor lieu Ih cU estimates that lift fifty III million II II on of t 1 1 I. The Great Sanctuary at It Ket Under neath this now being excavated are the ruins ruin of an n ancient amphitheater From Hewelt's Hewett's Ancient An dent clent Life In the American Southwest courtesy Bobba Bobbs company 2 Santiago Naranjo Tewa governor of Santa Clara Pueblo From the painting by Julius Rol Rot shaven From Ancient Life In the American Southwest 3 Designs Designs' on bowls bowl from the Mimbres Valley Ne New Mexico In the collections of Editha L. L Watson Wat son 4 The Green Corn ceremony at Santo Domingo From a painting by Awa T From Ancient Life In the American Southwest 5 Mimbres bowl In the collections of Editha L L. L Watson The late Dr J J. J Walter Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institution called this the most mot beautiful beautiful beau beau- geometric design ever found a S stone were 1110 quarried transported shaped and laid In III the l walls of Intro hell 1111 belli nn nu aver 1 average II age of nr eight hundred pleas pieces I. I to the Ilie square Ire yort yard i In n a addition Ion t to In I this hIli t the he l thousands ht u of In logs hogs poles and slabs I timid to m be hI cut III In distant an I forests forests for rill ests I transported Ill I'll norl 11 I by Ity man power lr prepared with stone tools und and built Into the structures lime tons tolls upon tons of mortar that had holl to b be made mule alto altogether gether It I presents a 0 tusk task for the till rather small population ti of ot lid ro Ill Kett KettIn In wall 1111 masonry Doctor Hewett tells us ns the Chaco ChalO builders were 11 unsurpassed hn linen canyon IIII n w walls IIII are IIII on nil nn an nt average e as well built hullt as liS hl those 1 n of ancient I Troy Tray Mycenae tin Jerk and In Peru Iru In Im inn ninny nr cases far fur better belter During this tida same the five hundred years In the comparatively unattractive Mimbres valley what Doctor nulls culls the mo most 1 curious and In Mime Mill ways way's the Ihl most Interesting cultural development develop dC ment of ot the plateau canto cume Into being This dues does not refer to In striking architecture for nowhere else did the village pit II 11 I appear to In be he In n such lIuch p exclusive e favor furor trod and only mounds n of earth with never a n standing nil u-nil mark the time sites of villages 1110 The pottery from these ruins however I Is In InI a n class 1 of Its 1111 own 01 Not nt for rr shape or color or even for fur geometrical design although some of nr these IhlI decorative patterns me are hulled I lit us the IIII most artistic artis tic lie mind and harmonious of Pueblo geometric designs but hilI butis is 14 Doctor Ill I'll says somewhere el along time the theline line flue of lit development a caprice struck the artists of ot the Ihl I. I They look hook to life forms of ot time the most moat striking kind and developed the most marvelous mgr mar Jr venous 1 system 53 1111 I know of ot oll among primitive rollers potters of ot the Ihl world In the use of m Ilfe-m motifs life Ihl they exhibited 1 a I phi piny of or fane that belongs only on I to In muster muster These merit a u place with the th ablest c. of nf all 1111 time tine The H rl region is called h by Doctor an all ancient art province and the Ihl strange t pic pictorial de des from Us its bowls hll have hl nn an art vile I anti ami historic tulue which run not he lie overestimated YH Vet thin the howls bowls of the till Mimbres valley like the walls walla allCot of ot Chaco canyon were acre made by hy Indians the the Ibe same rae race of who bu so Sit unattractive lathe to la the tourist eye It l I We WI still have lIu tint not seen hen bow this Is U IN x silie Indeed It appears PIn even niort- niort unbelievable able on n close comparison Rut Hul the history nf or the next 1 Ih time five e hundred 1 years eari I the he nl time five e hundred years ending today It tl lear eur White hilt men came into the Ike roughneck conquerors who mho ho I saved rouis rouia and collected cul plunder der with equal arrogance Why do 10 we delay Impatiently fitly lie hl us CIS they were werl halted before an au 10 toxin Iowa II und and the they never delayed ui liu teams l m t II lost st I half hult tier her Inhabitant because slie he resisted dominion once famed as 11 the Seven even t Cities of hud hail nil nu Impregnable mountain to tn hide on rot but hut the seven 10 cities are arp only one now TIe TIt Iu Pueblo Puebla rebellion rebel lion of ot W i I while hilt It It drove lr the IIII conquerors from the time Southwest could rould keep fp them diem out oUI scarcely more than a II decade situ Mid n Ihl they returned It was II In smith h force that bat they never lIel tr could be vanquished nul Doctor lIe Hewett declares that the tho decline of the Pueblos run begun h before rore thE advent od of the white roan though rh no one will deny that he vigorously followed up whatever er was at work ork In the way of lit destructive e forces The Indian government jo was truly of of the people people peo peo- leopie leo leo- pie for the people by the people ItOlle There were neither king nor kingdoms The wise and the brave bra were elevated ell but their fall could be rapid If they failed In worthiness There Is no record of ot nn on Indian great man before the coming of our race there rare there Is III only the record of ot the people leople The perfectly ordered community was the time aim and end and agency nry of government ro and there organization stopped noel Doctor or Hewett tells li us The state I or organized by hy force maintained O by hy force depending upon force for tor Its existence toce was entirely of f time the Indian mind could nut not conceive It Miniature golf olt cameras cam eras erns and nil 1111 the other tiny replicas of ot big hll things have ha their tiny day but hut It remained for tor the Pueblos to 10 evolve olve miniature republics which persist to this very yet It Every village e was Independent of ot the others They united t sometimes In lit common causes II C I but hilI I the he league nf of nil nations Idea did not appeal to 10 them The Pueblos were highly Individual Individual hJ ual Let the others kl keep 1 tn to themselves Wo We can nn mind our own ol business seemed to 10 be he their attitude There are at lit present twenty six Inhabited pu pueblos O about ios-about los about third one of the number known to 10 Coronado's Coronados expedition of ot 1540 Of or these seventeen I are In the Rio Itlo Grande drainage eight In to Arizona Irizona the lime towns and mini In western New V Mex Mexico ico iii I completes the roster rusler Here are lire the descend descendants ants of lit those hose aspiring folk tolk who ho peopled the Southwest sl long ago truly ago time the First Families of America religion once ull as n pagan pan belief connected with Idolatry and devil worship devil although al III though u t t time the d devil ev I I Is not nn nr t Indian deity has hns become be tie- come time the object ol ut study of nt some of lit our greatest thinkers Death to o II us 11 the lite me grout great mystery I W wa waa of tit little consequence consequence to 10 these thI red philosophers The body when It II was no tin Ir In longer animated I. I tins IIi as ns useless n ns as a n broken bowl l and ns liS valueless The soul lived on it on-it it was only this that mattered Doctor points paints out the beauty of this Idea Iden II us as contrasted to 10 the time funerals tombs mind and other oilier gloomy beliefs of our own 11 race raN Nowhere Is this plainer Ihan than In the dances nel and songs where parts of ot time the routine and certain words olds have hu no meaning g to the modern Indians The Time dances although h performed as ns religions ere core ceremonies monies tI are of ot lon considerable mundane Interest to white I visitors s. s who shudder at 01 the Snake dunce laugh lauh at nt time the who whim are nut not Intended to be funny und and profess to In tad lint off color color meanings In various ceremonial actions whereas S an Indian 1 I S 'S feit F u u ui us uuie or our own dances hh 8 which hn have no Ito thought ht of ot religion behind I them Stimulated II by a II sincere encouragement however how ever 1 the Indians lire are beginning tn 10 tale take more cure care In la these ceremonies which ns nil a II consequence attract at tract u II different class IC of nf onlookers from either ethnologists or r drifting Ignoramuses The Indian dunces are beautiful III ifill to 10 those who know what Ih they lire ere seeing There Is n a perfect sense of rhythm of ot fid del 1 r 1 r. r of nf grouping grouping ln In Short of ot drama That Is iv what they really are are dramatic represent representations adults l team II II II staged and perfectly acted Indian decorative arts ton Ion hark bark hack to I un an dent dugs days The paintings of nr Awe Awu T Tsira lra Fred I und mind others hays have a 1 kinship with the pictures pIe pic lures tures found In to old ruins the ruins the artists follow foil the Ihl thoughts of or those h lung ago ng-agn ng painters in making their Ihei pictures picture today II y The modem I Indian artist are re untaught self hI taught self taught by who luise-who- bave have gone 0 as you 11 will but never lr whiteman white whit man luau taught That Thal would he be to 1 1101 spoil their work entirely The making of ornaments In turquoise shell une und mend jet U Is one lne of the ancient Pueblo arts and neatly made mOI mosaic work ranks among time the most moat prized lit of f museum displays This lapidary ry art so 10 distinctive e and situ pleasing U Is now being brought to 10 life In some of lit the pueblos and the lile demand for It Is Increasing as ns examples of ot the art find their U way tc te admirers of ot strange and 10 lovely 1011 11 timings once one used In ID ceremonial belts and sashes tins has attracted the attention of at the thu got gov eminent and under Its lis encouragement this handi handl work worl 1 U is 1 being used In many mony new lIew 11 wayn 8 which ar are arll Coding favor ru with I the buying buying- public t bJ s pa I 1 |