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Show FRUIT DEALERS RECOGNIZE BUSINESS VALUE OF SPRAYING Thoroughness and Timeliness are Two Most Important Points Careful Study of Insects or Fungi to Deal With Should te Made Before Selecting Mixture to Be Used. - J Orchard Sprayed Several Times Each Year. to control. Spray to coat, the foliage, fol-iage, twigs, or fruit with poison oi fungicide Just before an attack by chewing insects or fungus is expected.' Thoroughness and timeliness are the two most important points in successful suc-cessful spraying. Remember, it costs just as much to do a poor job of spraying, spray-ing, as it does to do a thorough one, and the results are usually widely different. dif-ferent. Do not spray when trees are In full bloom, as it will reduce the crop, and (By G. H. ALFORD.) Every owner of fruit trees should plan to give them some attention in the way of spraying. There is nothing noth-ing that will pay so well if intelligently intelligent-ly done. The very enemies that prey on the fruit trees prove a blessing to the farmer who sprays, as their ravages rav-ages on unprotected orchards enable him to realize prices for his perfect fruit undreamed of before their appearance. ap-pearance. . Not only does spraying protect the crop, but It makes packing and selling easier. Fruit buyers and dealers now recognize the business value of spraying spray-ing and do not care to buy or handle fruit that has not been thoroughly sprayed. The principles of spraying are few and simple, and the work is not complex, com-plex, but very easy if done with a power sprayer. Spraying is not an expense as is generally supposed. It not only pays for itself but yields a handsome profit besides. Orchards are not alone benefited by spraying. Vineyards, truck gardens, and, in fact, nearly all commercial crops return proportionately as great (dividends for money invested in spraying spray-ing as do orchards. Before starting to Bpray, a careful study should be made of the .insects or fungi you have to deal with, in order or-der to determine the best mixture as well as the best time to spray. The man who would be successful in spraying must learn to know the insects and diseases by their appearance appear-ance and their work so as to apply the right treatment at the proper time. There are three general kinds of enemies to combat insects which gnaw or eat into the plant; insects which suck the plant juices, and fungi diseases. Insects that gnaw or eat kill the bees, which are . valuable friends of the fruit grower. Do not spray immediately after a rain. It is better to spray on a still day, or, if there is a wind, to spray only on the windward side of the trees, spraying the other side on the flnst still day, or when the wind changes. Wooden tubs, barrels, or earthen jars should be used when preparing the mixtures which contain copper sulphate, corrosive sublimate, or arsenate ar-senate of lead. Carefully label all substances used in making spraying mixtures, and keep them some place where they cannot can-not be used by mistake. Arsenical sprays should not be applied ap-plied to fruits, etc., within two weeks of the time they are to be used as food. When through using, the spray pump should be cleaned by forcing water through it. Keep all spraying apparatus in repair, re-pair, so that the work will not be delayed de-layed at the critical time. Don't spray immediately after a shower, or heavy dew. Do not spray indiscriminately, but study the pests you have to combat, and adopt the most effective means of destroying them. the plant are killed with poison spray such as- arsenic, hellebore, etc. The entire plant or tree is covered with the spray, so that the insects will have to eat the poison. Insects that suck are more difficult to dispose of. The method usually r v1b ' 1 A Well Kept Orchard. adopted Is to drench them with an emulsion, and one of the scale washes. A coating of one of these mixtures is Bprayed on them, and kills them by smothering, as they breathe through little spiracles along the sides of their bodies. The fungus growths are parasitic, consisting of plants or growths of low form, which live on other living plants, and kill the vegetation they attack by filling up their pores or respiratory prgans. They spread by small dust-(Ike dust-(Ike bodies called spores, which correspond cor-respond to the seed in higher forms of plant life. These spores are born on the surface and produced in great numbers. Each one is capable of starting a new fungus growth. They are carried from one plant to another by means of the wind, water, and insects. in-sects. Chemicals which stop their growth are used to combat fungus diseases. The most effective spraying is preventive pre-ventive spraying. If the foliage and fruit be thoroughly coated with poison or fungicide before the first chewing Insect, or the first fungus spore lights j upon them, the insect will be destroy-I destroy-I ed at its first meal, and the first fun-j fun-j gus Infection will be prevented. When insects or fungus diseases have become be-come plentiful, both are more difficult |
