Show ae beneral n 16 qa eral at jers cinq s stor slona oj the A E F V to all 11 countries eo t tl b the th abarton 1 hr alliance All ln world orld T jonceal jOn Cral north the th scandinavian right elivd im whole or in t prohibit john J pershing inq service XI X continued tillit regardless of the out t condi conditions dons and the very need of men by the allies pat at and practicable was not t eye even pon plan if sound in principle there not t time enough to prepare pre pire our for efficient eni effi clent i Is as wit the under a new system surroundings to be found in ngo ren reign army roch foch said you lou it are re willing pre ere isk our being driven buck back to aliu er said yes I 1 nm am willing to take risk moreover ilore ore over tile lie time tim nay inay come will have tu to american army n the he il the brunt of tills this war ond and it la Is wise to f fritter r itter away our resources manner pr the morn ie of the he h alg 3 alan sh french arid and italian armies 4 la Is while as aa you know that of tile the army Is very high find and it d be a prave grave to give up tip idea of building an american f in all its details as as ible ble cant budge him an inch about tills this juncture lloyd ge M clemenceau and premier ado do of italy evidently becoming tient walked into the room amnet et lloyd george at the door and lii in a stage whisper behind its hla lii in a stage whisper behind its hla you cant budge him an inch d george theta said well how low e 0 committee getting along hereupon we all sat down and i george said to MO me cant you that hat the war will be lost unless et this support which state was echoed in turn by demon clemen and orlando in tact fact all five ot of party attacked me with all tile the i and prestige of their high t I 1 had already yielded to their ads as far ns possible pos sible without epting the plans toward which hd ad been striving for over a year a continuance of may shipments june without any provision for porting artillery and auxiliary service of supply troops could be granted without making it icalla impossible in the future ve ive an american army ler er I 1 had gone over the whole tion again and stated my post they still insisted whereupon I 1 k the table with my fist and 4 A E F phone girls with the grea greatest tesi possible ems gentlemen I 1 have thought pro program rain over very deliberately ivall ddll not be coerced Is 18 ended the discussion in coms come and when the council recon tl U X stated that the lon ion of american Amerl can troops would be I 1 tip OP again the following day ten the council met for the after session of tile the second day the isslyn of shipments of american anel was at once resumed gen spoke at length repeating bus OUS arguments and giving a r grandiose dissertation of the i I 1 situation and the dire things happen unless the amerl ameri agreed agree d to the proposal of the 11 lloyd lioyd georges challenge lloyd george in turn spoke at nath ile u asserted that the a 11 s hoped to use up the british each reserves before their own exhausted and that the british already called up nearly IM for their army and navy and jell extended ended their age limits limit t to all 11 between e eighteen Ight een and fifty years e the united states does not to our ald aid he said then per the calculations will vill be 0 t if prance F rance and great britain d 1 have h e to yield this defeat be honorable for they would fou alt to their last man while itce cited states would have to stop lut at having put into line hue more little atle belgium bly the unfairness of he be quickly went on Y that he was sure I 1 was doing est st to meet the hie emergency and cral Pers bing desires tha the tou ought to us by america should e incompatible with the creation le american arroy RS Ps rapidly as le too am counting on the exist oil u that army and I 1 ana am counting on it tills this very year to dent the enemy the final blow but to to do 10 that thai the allies will have to hold out until august CHAPTER speaking in III the name of the amerlean american army and in the name nailie of tile the american people I 1 told the lie war council hiring during the st second coald lay duy of its session SOSSIO 11 lit at Ab abbeville beville may alay 2 1118 1018 1 want you to realize thai we aru are ready to bear ns its large n 1 I part us its possible of the lie hurden burden of the war we nil all want the saine thing tint bill our means of attaining it Is different from yours america declared war independently of the and she must fuce it na ar soon its is possible it a powerful unity there la Is one eni tin point to n which I 1 wish to call your attention that la Is tie file jin to t alie ie morale of our soldiers of fighting under our own flag Ani erlen Is already anxious to know where her firmy Is the germans lime once more started it strong campaign of if propaganda ix tit in tile the united St states tile the purpose of which la ii to insinuate that the allies have so en little ron in the amerlean american troops that they tire are obliged 0 to distribute them among their own divisions tells of american pride tile the american soldier Is ns as proud as any other and the time will soon come hen our troops as well nell as our government will ask to fight as nn an autonomous array army under the american high command 1 I understand that in prime minister lloyd georges proposal we shall have to examine the situation again injure injune tn june before deciding for july that Is all that I 1 can agree to at present to show my desire for solidarity with the bauge cause of the allies lloyd george had previously taken up a revised program submitted by myself and after some discussion he proposed that america give us in infantrymen and machine gunners in slay tho thi same number in june with a supplement of infantrymen and machine gunners if we scrape together the tonnage to transport them lie he further proposed that the situation be examined again in june before deciding whether there was reason to extend to july the program decided upon for may and june ile he then called on the council to acce accept pt his big plan inasmuch as the proposal submitted by lloyd george contemplated the shipment of the numbers mentioned in british tonnage leaving am american shipping entirely free for us as to use as we should decide an n agreement greer nent was soon reached substantially as set forth in the following cablegram to the secretary of war following agreement adopted by supreme war council may 2 at abbe ville will cable more tn in detail later it Is the opinion of the supreme war council that to carry the war to a successful conclusion an american army should be formed as early as aa oos possible sible under udder its own commander and under its own flag then le it was thought the war would run to 1919 9 in order to meet the present emergency it Is agreed that american troops should be brought to france us as rapidly as allied transportation facilities cili ties will permit and that as far as consistent with the necessity of building up an american army preference be given to infantry and ma chine gun units for training and service with french and british armies with the understanding that such infantry and machine gun units are to he be withdrawn and united with their own artillery and auxiliary troops into divisions and corps at tile the discretion of the american commander in chief after consultation with tile the commander in chief of the allied armies in france it Is also agreed tant during may AIRY preference should be given to the transportation of infantry and ma chine gun units of six divisions and that any excess tonnage shall be devoted to bringing over such troops as may be determined by the american commander in chief june shipment up to pers hing it Is further agreed that this pro gram grain shall be continued during june upon condition that the british government shall furnish transportation for a minimum of men to tn may and men tn in june jane with the understanding that the first six divisions of infantry shall go 90 to the british for training and service and that troops sent over in june shall be allocated for training and service as the american commander in chief may determine it Is also further agreed that if the british government shall trens port an excess of men in june such excess shall be infantry and machine gun units and that early in III june there shall be a new review of the situation to determine further action As stated tn in a cable from the secretary of war rec received elved amny 12 this agreement provided luss less priority tor for infantry and machine gun units than becom recommended mended by the supreme war council counch it was certainly much more mora to tile ultimate fornin formation tion of 0 it un american anny than we hail find reason so to expect e in fit view of the recommendations ions contained tit in note no 13 0 of f the military representatives which ns its we have seen lint hail been practically approved by tile the resilient in tile excitement oer our agreement wivi with the british the full purport of tills co in ml tin cut was not emphasized by the allies during the discussion pooling of supplies another matter taken up tip informally with the ministers aft alio erthe conference was that of pooling at allweil ed Sul supplies pIles I 1 explained its advantages and emphasized tile the saving in tonnage that would result mr air lloyd george find mr did not commit themselves entirely hut but accepted it tit in prin ople its as M 1 I had done and earli agreed to designate an with business experience to meet hect with us it at an all early date to study tile the question with tills beginning at least it 11 step had find been taken toward our objective even though the hie principle might not bo be extended as far as we thought desirable 8 si A few lays days later M 1 I clemen coal called a meeting in ID his ollice of tile the represent representatives at ives gen sir travers clarke acting for the british and col charles G dawes for the americans CHAPTER on oil tile the heels beela of all the clamor for llo nothing tIri but infantry and machine gunners I 1 received a request from marshal halg haig british commander asking t artilleryman artillerymen artillery men tills this fully boro bore out a prediction I 1 tin had cabled washington that the allies would be asking artil lery inen before long it will he readily understood however low that once the allies had made a demand for infantry and machine gunners they all joined in concerted effort to bring it about regardless of what their real needs might be in reply I 1 reminded marshal arshal tl flaig that tile the Ab abbeville beville agreement giving priority to infantry and machine gun shipments would prevent the arrival of our artillerymen artilleryman artillery men for some time in fulfilling our part in military cooperation we had bad already gone far beyond tile the mere recognition of the principle of unity of command and had begun to bring over hundreds of thousands of men almost regardless of the organizations to which they belonged that they might be available in the event of extreme necessity it was my custom throughout tile the war as both a duty and a pleasure to visit the troops as frequently as possible to keep keeli in touch with the state of efficiency and the morale of officers and men As bundas second division with harbord and B E M lewis as brigade commanders was leaving the quiet sector south of verdun en route to the billeting and training area to finish preparation tor for battle the moment was opportune to make a brief inspection I 1 had inn opportunity to talk with a number of the officers in command of smaller units I 1 especially discussed the question of supply with officers charged with that duty I 1 visited harbors Har Harb borda brigade of marines and found those I 1 inspected in good shape and their billets well kept the troops of the division that were seen on the march especially tile the trains did not look so well in an army like ours the care of animals Is difficult to teach crunkshanks artillery looked well the entraining at ancemont arcemont Anc emont was carried out in an orderly and systematic manner general Blond lat in whose corps the second had been serving spoke very highly of tile the troops the favorable obtained of tills this unit was very soon to be confirmed on the battlefield tle field where its distinguished service wa was s to make its name immortal frequently had guests during the first few months at chaumont I 1 occupied quarters in the town but later at de louvre placed fit at my disposal his beautiful chateau clia some three kilometers away my headquarters mess was limited to the few officers with whom I 1 was most intimately as associated soc and consisted of my personal aids the chief of staff and one or two others nearly always there we were re a few guests at meals invited from among the visitors both french and american who came to headquarters Off officers leers from french general headquarters were frequent guests and we were always glad to have them As a rule there was a ban on every thing in the way of shop talk and the rule was rarely broken and then only when we had special guests seeking enlightenment lighten ment or information regarding our policies and activities there was one subject that would always start a d discussion and I 1 that hat was the relative value of the daffe different ent arms each being represented by at least one officer harbord and I 1 were both from the cavalry and the cavalry member of the staff felt that he had bad ot at least a sympathetic audience the infantry aid however always held his own in any discussion as no matter how specious the arguments or perhaps the gibes at his expense we all kal know ow that without the infantry the otiler other arms would little the associations of such a group are never forgotten and aiu even ft a short pe was enough to establish estah Mi lish it perina nent anti affectionate relationship rotation in was early adopted as a H principle to bo applied to tile stuff staff in general and although it was never possible fully to carry it out most of the officers of MY staff got their chance nt a tour with coin coment brit troops major colllns collins anti anil major Sha llenberger two of tile the aids who went with me to brunce were tile the first to go to other duty being replaced by major hueko buek 0 inemer and major colonel llanyd who joined me as aid shortly after my ari aneval in prance france throughout the war when general turn came his 1118 place as aa chief or of starr staff was wag taken by general mcandrew several sev cral of tha higher officers of the general staff had a tour with troops not only that they might have tile the opportunity to sere nt at the front which Is every soldiers ambition but because they would return to staff duty with a broader and more sympathetic understanding of mhd line officers point of view and appreciate more fully tit the consideration that ho he deserves at the hands of tile the starr staff according to the plan for the r botn ta tion of officers between thin and starr staff several others were relieved and sent to serve with troops among them were col F rank frank R mccoy secretary of the general staff relieved ly by maj james n collins Col llna and col W D connor assistant chief of staff dl 01 relieved by col G V 11 II moseley I 1 morrow on Marl maritime time council our members of tile the maritime council were wide awake at tills this time in their search for additional tonnage dwight morrow reported prospects of some increase besides calling attention to tonnage that was idle or not being used to tile the best advantage the immense shipment of american troops contemplated tho the uso use of all available passenger cargo carrying 9 ships british american and neutral As very little it any space |