Show ’ J - - ' t' V - ' ' ' vy ' ‘ i ‘ - A A'- ' V-y- ' J t Av " y " " ' 5 - THE ' - LAKE CITY UTAH SUNDAYJANUARYMa I hna— - i- — ' I 1 JIl! JIt rVi 'W' 1 NOTED SPORT CRITIC DISCUSSES ' CAMP JriL JR si - 1 European IV ar Prevented International Contest but ’‘A V - ni ' — - ATHLETICS O ' tAwIX JUL: HEROES NAMES SEATED 1000 — SEASON' 1914 WITH i ' 4 — 7 - ’-y J!-- " BOWL YALE ’ A ‘ ' -' REVIEWS ’W THE RECORDS - 1 ' 1915 3 ’’ X WAI v SALT HEBALD-BEPUBLIOAN ' ’ One McLoughlin Stallings Daubert Gould Cobb and Others Named BY WALTER CAMP rp HE year 1914 began with a promise of a list of athletic and sporting RESH from their and" triumphsat Wimbledon Brookes Wilding came events unequaled in point of interest There was to be an international to Americaas the the Australianteam and after defeating yacht race an international polo match the Davis cup tennis contents Englishmen which they met the American team at the flavor court tennis always provide international a match between the two for the finals side courts our greatest in the and the relay in team made up of players world Penn races which an English McLoughlin and in the doubles and McLoughlin Bundy team had promised to be represented and Williams for the singles The contest A' A 4 x A A J g playing Then incidentallythere was the contemplatedvisit of our best amateur began withand Williams against the way the former Wilding golfers to the other side to take part in the ran off his three amateur and professional games gave 4 'X V who was not familiar with the A r championships there "zz ik ss '' a" szzx4 erratic playing of the American sometimes A'' Y professional baseball there believed 'AA a A' belief that In was Englishmen that Jerome Travers a Wilding would do SA SS well to secure even one or two games tn the of new factor in ASS XaTSA introduction a would be the more dangerous man V'" aSS of ?S'S sS 't ZaJSA the sets Then suddenly Williams the shape of and the visiting contingent and this the ederal league 0 's W s'T'y a' 'X' struck by manyAmericans SA Wests’ one of his wildest periods and there was to be an Olympic conference opinion was shared somewhat 4 Ls Ta V "Zs he led at to lost the set golfers who had the although seen in Paris to provide for the games that A'U ? and finally the match in spite of “Jerry’’’’ repeatedlyin T '' S?S "a'a 4' redoubtable 's '' to be held in Berlin In 1916' SW brilliant stand tow-ard the end playput forth his best efforts s'"? XskX'j' sC$ s'sL’ " fa' match zzz!0Xk' S' SSsS WL K then took and the trip of two and gradually wear X?S)A 'X on Brookes Then there any opponent down 'f 'S Ss Xs Ss I the long in deuce the As a matterof fact SA sx s' yaXAS the first’ of sets ran so to came s’" American crews the competein event when the test satisfactory 'X'' the AASS 7'' and English blue-ribbon none of the Americans made w Z VW advantage games that indefinitely crowd Henley show-ing It is true that one or thoughtit would atcontinue of the rowing world Of all these the 8®fM4zfA-A'A 9"' as 4 nV his best but the two of the Britishers put up for 18 holes 'Nv jKfflXBar jxjawRt McLoughlin deprived us of but one coolness of his opponent kept namely Brooks unbeatable our yacht the a entire game of golf him at bay and it was not until the the international race or that entered at group Sandwich latter betrayed some most part every other of these ? exasperaitonon proved disappointing to and wsisx ? "A of the calling and the applause furnished interest their friends all falling themselves account even more of out comparatively that McLoughlin taking of early in advantage than anticipated and though some instances was although his secured the lead and to scoring by opportunity After that Mclxmgh-lin remarkable their :a'a our visiting golfers did not make the finished the set Later vsz"' a' Ouimet went up for their foreign rivals the $AZ 3P5As1s-Sa' easily the master ollowing showing againstexpected sm open at as it was quite the American Prestwick that had been 's 's this match McLoughlin triumphedover Incumbent upon him being over there f SV visitor thus the English the other Wilding establishing at Henley did do to give his opponentsof the previous crews than his own personal z more this and the British polo season to jpz supremacy chance square mattersfor his ''svs'k vx but Brookes was too strong for Will skill defeat of them at visitors displayed an individual Brookline The writer went with him iams and in the doubles Brookes and team work that has been unsurpassed first throughouthis Wildingthus over McLoughlin in he did an 86 while won in these International contests round which possession Bundy taking of the Vardon partneredby Lockhart accomplished loss of an international cud Our first English a 73 This speaks for Itself but team of four runners does not tell tennis was to the the whole story the W3SV championshiplike or Ourerolfown suffered the who the Penn most part Ouimet was not playing bad somew-hat from the came over to golf but Prestwickis a course in its and more interest in races and in the four-mile event larger the Davis cup the present shape that takes a lot of learning matches but nevertheless each man running a mile took and no produced a good field It proved victory by the bare less with man not entirely familiar margin of body in the end a surprise to thousands of the roll of the course and the exact than the thickness of a he man’s position of the traps have admirersof McLoughlin for when the the captain of the and Williams met English any- chance to get under 80 would Williams was at Jacksonfinishing no matter out with a sprint how good a game of golf he had Time top of his game and whatever he did team right so that he not only defeated and again traps of just landed him at the tape a Ouimet found which — — he had only a very general impression the idol of the tennis McLoughlin winner The day was raw and and while he never lost his butlld it in there straight sets agreeable some so that in temper or anyway exhibited any feeling he the 4 not as large a spectators point of this criticism who This year two was the event of the day The weather crowd of foundIt simply- impossible to Lawrence Waterbury This combinationcrew in the final heat intercollegiate track and score And field this finish as the exciting the golf at Not that worked out better and the second game American crews the Union of had turned cooler and the THE just a few this golfer Prestwick Boston somewhat by witnessed words about young championshipwas won Cornell but was close but finally went to the and the Harvard Seconds fought out crowd was This event rom those with whom had the Ouimet was playing for a hook enormous the Harvard warranted in the the end of that Prestwick showed what It should be noted in this the championship between them the second crew had tutelage of stadium pleasure of an learned Vardon under scoringHarvard acquaintance latter crew 43 points Penn was second To that Mr Millburn playing from in close race Herrick quite that he was universally liked and that meant when he made his criticism appreciablylengthened may 31 third with 29 I one were to pick out the heroes the play and other of back scored three of the five goals that This victory is important enough to be out their stroke over what it was Michigan he took his Prestwick several when waypunishmentprovoked fourth with 23 Yale fifth he would set at the top British courses the credit of his team and written high in the annals of our sports they left Dartmouth of the year one must be able went to admirationof all sides and from tothe hit America and were able to with 22 California sixth with 18 Harvard a clean straight ball on whatever raise the rate withoutcutting it short way- in later played Maurice McLoughlin for his excellent the which Ouimet seventh with 11 Princeton line one veterans upon his return to this country it is determines It may- not Leanderfrankly was crew of eighth work in tennis in the be the direct line to the hole but the it should be confessed Davis cup certain that his experiences over there best race of the day and the best direction from that it was not as fancied for its The in he defeated both benefited Him which one wishes to much matches which ever run at any intercollegiate meeting hole quality as other approach the Now when Ouimet some Leander crews Brookes who had just won the Eng-the was the half mile and Golf have been The which brought returned playing at race is a mile and 550 lish and began championship Wilding THOSE saw Miss Katherine Harley it yards Meredithof Penn and Captain noticeable that he was Leanderwent out for a lead and Then he would take back at six years definitely- on the line than ever I at the end of the first 100 yards had a Brown of Yale and every onethelooked former holder Chevy Chase more for a killing duel the two American ago the woman’s before and slight advantage but the Harvard crew between two when she crews the Harvard when it came to the real they came in Mrs stroked by Lund for the finish second and the Boston Boat championshipthere of recognized contest in his match with Travers no to come very-fast When down Union began H the winner had had in passing Meredith Arnold Jackson Boston how In fact so fast that Leander Brown succeeded club for their great triumphin beat matter much plucky match playing of the woman’s championship on and was leading him four yards Jerry struggled it no chance to ease up as it their habit was a case of ing out the English crews and fighting the Nassau links this year the same but Caldwell of Cornell off on the line straight after getting a lead but were forced to coming up on one out the grand challenge cup between cool man down the outside of the track smooth player There was their utmost to hold that little advantage made marvelous course every time and the other finish just beating out Brown themselvesat Henley Then would former winnerwho has kept up the halfway) man being there some of the time and Passing awleyhis(about for at the tape and establishing a newthe English polo team that was Miss Georgian-na the result Lund called upon a come which her game and a decisive victory for crew record of spurt and although Leander struggled minute 53 conditions and Bishop who carried off the honor under discouraging Ouimet seconds All three of these men With desperately- to hold their were originally as forlorn for the first time ten years ago advantage upon a looked the start of the play it looked very visit of the British polo team stroke by stroke the Harvard crew Inside the intercollegiate record hope came over and exhibited the best much as if Miss Bishopwas the best in THE slipped along past them and a few hundred in athletic circles was glad was looked to the Everyone forward brand of polo seen here and defeated the field for she playing yards from had nearly a to have of the greatest feeling of satisfaction homeyards Howard P Drew Then the American holders of the cup perfection and cut down the length Two from the of California in hundred Southern cover There and a supreme confidence our he would turn to record for women over the Nassau team finish Leander made heifinal effort the hundredyards in seconds thus George Stallings the past owing to certain circumstances course with and later In the the pluck and determinationequalling the record of and an 81 and spurted with seconds manager of the Boston Nationals an impressiongained ground in 79 for the English credited Pan Kelly end week a foursome madehera that the British team which but they couldoarsman to There has his team for coming from the tail How ever one bad day defeated would be unusually is not as remarkable been feeling that the and not only winning the National it has defeated weak The fact that some of the only hold their own another favorite gain and could many regarding Arthurseconds Duffy who league defeating On the day formercracks like Cheapeand toLockitt in championship but she met Miss Elaine held this record of were not likely to come this Harvard finishing a clean length out came added Connie Mack’s PhiladelphiaAthletics Rosenthalof when brilliant but front of Leander who was so out and the A A U took his name off Chicago a player rcwed impression However a month or so for the world’s and Miss and that No completely the lists in spite of Kelly being timed championship young inexperienced before the invasion really occurred exhausted dropped Bishop unable to do anythingright his oar while in seconds there really in this sport he would note there was an upheavalin British polo-dom forward over not and the result she was beaten no stroke and No far from the one in the country Ty Cobb the champion batter of were whose running was as and the result of that less than to Miss Rosenthal upheaval condition sufficiently consistent to make it up and go cer the American league and Jake Daubed was the selection of a team same playing the same which plucky game that he could make thistime It should at least have given our confident of tainty of the National Jay in On the same day the German crewriv-an Gould came throughand met Mrs Jackson is therefore pleasant to have another partisans for considerable 18 cause Mayence and Jesus the head of thecloser wouldbe set up as a hero for hisraising the finals The slip of a girl years has been of such trepidation mancharacter whoserunning more Those on the inside er at Cambridge had even old kept up fight as long as she could to amateur court tennis to such as make the sec-O1 much closer to a realization of contest for this same cup Jesus led a onds but was in the lotig run defeated by were pitch of perfection as to be able to ZjvK thoroughlyearned The ympic the conditions were than the for more than half the course and then Mrs Jackson’s steadiness and in spite club and defeat decisively the professional ss Parker Howard general public the of the fact that Miss Rosenthalhad whichstill believed that Germans put on a spurt and secured Drew champion for the are credited with 21 team would have an easy-time quarter of a length the lead champion He would note Howard Mrs R H Coming Barlow anotherveteran the American and Beeson of the Olympic club is of it The down past the pavilion the Jesus crew 220 for their records with the very excellent score of postponement Drew ofand George Parker as cleared feet to the injury having S3 she which occurred to one put on their spurt and commenced to 7 recorded inches 21 over the in tne succumbed to oftheMrssteady the Englishplayers but the running high of was an act of gain rapidly Germans ran and Caidweil of Cornell for his golf experience jump at Cal Jackson real sportsmanship held Berkeley has since their stroke up to about 40 and 53 seconds over the half-mile the records fell under minute been commented upon on both sides of their lead to the finish On the race track at the intercollegiate defeated the the horses as they did on the cinder Beeson of Interest in our own golf the to the credit of crew had easily amateur water much our Winnipeg in athletics the trotters getting the Olympic club for his feet JSSKS®? This left together the track championship was somewhat men When the teams met in the first Thames crewdown within 34 seconds of the inches in the high jump Duke Kahan-amoku of depression the overwhelming superiority of minute dimmed by the feeling Winnipeg the Germans Union and Harvard gameBritish against the team by mark Peter Volo for his 54 over our poor show-ing was made manifest Harvardof defeated Winnipeg accomplishing swim of the hun Great Britain’s cracks Yet it Our simply had xi Nik v£Ws length and Boston this while the pacer men no chance Barrett a Directum covered proved 4 dred pride straightaway He would point neverthelessa good and and being the finest in and hard-fought the mile in 1:58 meeting Cheape one of the most exhausting with to WilliamHoppe unsur-billiardsbrought together Ouimet and Travers for the visitors contests of the week defeated but the 45 and the Germans by not much passed by any one at and now came the evidence of the real team show-ing an excellent ability more than a billiards after a sprint byboth EORGE COVEY the professional that Ouimet had derived from his to hold the attack and keep the canvas Bennie Allen at pocket good court tennis the champion of & trip abroad It will be remembered in balance to force the for the last 300 yards which was crews ter& & proper world camp over here because the ‘O athletic rifir Thf final day of course the inseason that Vardon has criticized our players play and never for a moment become Neville Lytton review of the had much abated but the Harvard Hon considered him and our courses predicting that the flurried or out of position The result 6vKU4HwOOO UMOeuwooo terest be refergood to back him against Jay would complete without defeated had enough to play for shook off the tees of the first game was to crew Boston tendency convincing court tennis champion had pretty much all the life taken out Gould our amateur the line and the freedom it ence to the developmentin can be the American team that their arrangement The latter has been playing the not satisfactory and changes of for seating the crowds done on most American courses has was back was The crews that were entered for this of them by this struggle against the game ever since he was a youngster arrangements more inthanhis that this dashes the second Mr at college football Two produceda condition of affairs among were made in had the Leanders the Germans Germans our game headlong down the the cup were under the very best of instruction and games large structures have been put in our golfers that militates very strongly Millburn who had formerly played field from the fact that Mr ‘Waterbury-proved incidentally has beaten all Winnipeg crew Jesus and London The National Regatta was won The comers against their success on British back and who played in the first highly efficient when he was The by the Duluth Boat club commission this year the Palmer courses besides the two American eights interest in this contest was most and No one could have missed dashes of took the senior eight championship stadiumat Princeton seating approximately game at No exchangingplaces with called back to cover these second day of the regatta broughtHarvard and Gould justified the predictions increased the 40000 people and the Yale Millburn’s it against and the Union Dibble of the Don Rowing club of that had been made for him by Altogether Leander possibilities the single senior scull after Howl at seating interest in polo and its club of against As won those Newfirst Haven some Boston London who knew the of his at 71000 The is the gift of for the victory of’ the Americans on unsuccessfully Edgar London was only a scratch crew the having competed by defeating Cover no less than big Italian Sinigaglia game his the last occasion had led to a belief result in that contest was a foregone The Palmer class 1903 in honor of Henley sets to At tne conclusion of the that British polo had gone back but the Harvard-Leander being too much for every one there father the late StephenB a Stallings ‘Miracle This conclusion contest the Hon Neville Lytton Palmer i proved the contrary Princeton trustee The other contest former summed up the opinion of all the was financed by subscription championship polo con-won among In our own in saying “I do not think there tests the Meadow- Brook Magpies graduates The Palmer stadium is i ever has been or ever will be greater after the order of the Harvard stadium tbe senior as well as the onen and court tennis plaJyer than Mr Gould’’ high a concrete structure open Bryn JUwr the junior championships ! E I end The Yale bowl is A- ' ' w J - -v x w-est w-as ' -s : - s- e- -eryone ” 5 ' s' s ' -as s' - 5 s' z - s ' J "s A s z s sys-r " X s A z'z ' z s 'z z s-T a a z a f s '' a'- A'-sN"' ' V SSKs-A ' X : -a A S A A a ' S y A S( S v -A S z o ( - ?"a”1-S A A S S ss k A J' -'s - 5 s'-J ' 7 ' A A 's' s SS S '5 ' t 'sz' ' J ' ' A ss S ' A 'a ' 1 S A ’s s A S ' S A -SA 5 s ' '''s' 4 Z ' 2 R ' ' '' i ' A " S 's S '' s V - A V s' jS'-S t 1 -A ' S t f -ASSAZ A A -V$'a ' ' V S sCS-AAA s 'v ' ' A JA ' ’-A ' '' A ' V j-AA' ' s s A ’ A a s' ' I McLoughlin S s s w-ere 4s-S-- A s As -Tss -A X ' - A ' s s w-as t-'C 's X ? "-siVs? - SX AZ A SS- A y ? s V s - I " ' ' S ' s A I v s 8' A ss S ' A ’ -'sNa S M ' S-s ' s s s'- ' A X ' ' A S ' ' J f Z A a 5 ' Z ' X ' SS C ' A a aS 'A ' S A s' s A z S As ' I A S A A A A ' s s s vx xs s x s w-as -wCbAxr w-ar -Still features ’ ’-r4 P-2-x - ' opponents -s's - a s s -''s ss-s-X -a w-as A : z £ X f S y f ” - relay w-idespread w-ent w-hich - - --- w-orld dis-rain w-ith followed visitors I connection I a -winning J w-lth although a w-ith rancis Ek-wanok Ouimet 7 J Sensation together w-ho w-as w-on another a intercollegiate w-as 1 2-5 w-ith w-as w-ith machine-like University w-as 9 3-5 3-5 9 4-ball always a w-hen 9 Incidentally revelations 3-5 6 w-as 9 3-5 w-as n 7 w-as 6 5 a a 9 3-5 w-hat defeated 1-5 a ow-ing 6 1-5 220-yard distance all-around o-16 w-hich 1 2-5 -Meantime 6 7 5-16 s 2 3-5 ' v V XT three-quarters I ---X’ performers entire G defense N - w-ho w-ith w-hich justified decisively w-ho intense 5 Toronto flaw-lessness George 7 Man’ 1 experts a at one a i" complete concrete sir dish even the seats bn the curve This bowl only part of the general which has been under way now some years beginning with the purchaseby- the Athletic of a piece of ground where the bowl stands This now purchase followed by another the was one in Then oT neighborhood committee twenty-one chosen graduates was under the direction of the Alumni and this bodyevolved plan for the future of athletics at the outlay for which will New Haven be in the of $750000 neighborhood Tart of this plan has alreadybeen carried out The original purchase of these two plots of land has been so that now 100 acres is owned opposite the old field In this is the bow-1 this fall and whichinwas opened $400000 which cost about round figures yards There are 25000 cubic of concrete and some 400000 cubic yards of earth were excavated as this bowl is 25 feet into hollowedtheoutportion mother that is excavated earth isand piled that the up so bowl is really 26 feet level above theThirty ground and 28 feet below it tunnels or portals lead into the structure from the ground level These are 17 feet wide and feet high The seats within iron backs and are wood much has more comfortablethan anything been put in these that stadiums before Some idea of the size of the bowl be from the fact may gathered that the structure and approaches that the cover over twenty acres placed Coliseum could be in Roman the center of the field and not would up to the portals and finally come that the entire of the standing army could be readily United States intodaytne howi accommodated being PROESSIONAL e5 salaries betw-een the older through competition ederal and third "a leagues and the of uneasinessofon considerable growth all sides as to the eventual result these disturbed conditions As- to the contests themselves they proved in the not case of the American league interesting the Philadelphia as Athletics gradually worked out into a commanding lead but in the conditions somew-hat and the Giants who had led for time were a counted upon to makethis record by another championship beaten out by the rear were in the end Then during Bostons under Stallings the last part of the season there were great said the a many croakers lack interest if worlds seriesout would because Boston Boston would stand no chanceagainst Connie Mack’s Athletics That Philadelphia was a pretty- general impressionbut people were somewhat impressed toward the end by the ability of these same Boston that plavers and the result was when the world’s series commenced while the Athletics were distinctly the favorites there some backing for the Bostons To the surprise of everyone apparentlythe Athletics from the start and did not stand any show- whateverAltogether it one of the greatest baseball was that any has ever triumphsfor manager enjoyed Stallings made George a real team under great difficulties and deserving of credit he-is a large very a as-soiatlon increase defeated interest in 1 I AV r 9 W I 1 a Mf : n : wWy w-hen ' X w-lth II 1 i A 1 distinguish 1 imperative w-hich w-as a hypnotized w-ere IS 9i enormous Henley saW the greatest THE English triumphof American oarsmanship that the world has ever It be remembered In this connectionthat this is the first American crew which has ever been victorious in this event 'during seventy-five years of racing' The Grand Challenge coveted of all witnessed 7?ss ftiiw k cup is the most aquatic trophies and it Us rarely-won by ajiy crew except an English crew It has been bythe Belgians three won times and by New South'(Walesonce hut there has never before been an when England did not have !a yvs’ a I 5 6 I V s-v V45 ' ' ' - ’XAXXVZOXVaiiiJJWBtSTl T ss:3’O s ' s ' 7 SX? A 'tAs' -'a ' -I I ' I II — ' Ji'sfr r 4 " ' t a®? 'r’ - "z ’ Aj- AsM': - ’ im"" the v ’ '' — 1 i i T-rr-rTMfTrTurn am j xri narrinri- niaiinainnr-i i inirnmiiiii n r itrr' a- nr in ji - un r ai i ' u 'ai - - jiaiir -i - - anhi -n m i lhi r - - ii-'r i r ni irri r i 1 n f Jfc s'- - t ' itniL' iiijqi x ' f -t atl tiu-'-'" -- : s w-hile ' - f w-est J ' " middle - s-’b'- y —ae Pittsburgh the Nebraska in the near Vlrgina and Auburn 1 AZ occasion Al! and won Rutgers u S ' - Washington-Jefferson in tho east 1111championship Missouri valley south Tennessee divided honors in their section and the of University The Univer-A Texas in the southwest slty of deserted Southern 'California the American Rugby and took game Once more Washington won the northwest championshipjand Pomona stood first in southern California (Copyright 1915 by Otto Wool) if nois -’should ’ i col-legesllke f T z-A: w-ho I J ' fZ' ' 11 :X A ' 1 - 1 zft&Vs-aR ’ IL 1 I" -a w-on es-necial'sPlce zsaaaiii’ili'MZ— 1 W ? '-Z&JsN&x O- a THE jifc ?s!t different w-ith iii W expo’s-:-: ' National 8 i A s'f I w-ere tl exceptional w-hen particularly Increased 1 football season was one of interest not through the medium of a close contest at the end for final honors for Harvard and Yale met each had although Princeton Harvard proved so superior of Yale that the much the In the contest as contest was a quite gone before half the game was played The season has provenof however the an excellent demonstration fact that the rules of the game as they stand now have out play of brought the most satisfactory description to the the gridiron the public in men on and the stands In another section of this article reference will be made to the provision for seating the spectators which has grown to neThea problem upon all managements extreme was reached the at Harvard-Yale contest over 71000 people were accommodated each seat that gave a him a full and satisfactory view- of the 10000 applications game and some were of4 necessity rejected Regarding the character of the play it was more than in any and open year previous even the minor games gave the spectators thrills as the ball progressed from one portion of the field to another and almost the play was such always that anyone on the stands could the man with the ball Several an teams numbered their beplayers followed innovationwhich should be made an up and oughtto the part oft he command on rule makers In this way there will be sensitiveness of no upon the part few who have been accused of desiring to the grandstands appear prominent to The scoring ran up into large figures proving the contentionof the ago that with proper committeea year plays it was quite possible to cross a goal line and that too more than once One of the striking features the was developmentof the teams of the THE affair w-as a invasion of our England by golfers furnished a most interest-and Ing topic for conversation dis for weeks before1 the events cussion took place The championship amateur was held at Sandwich and the open at Preswick The wonderfulperformance in this of Ouimet in the open last season he defeated country when picked of the professionals Englandin tie JMfVyun Lilt? riiUvKuiiv vlplO Boston added Country clubto near the fact that this young meet the British man was going over or to all the remark-' liun in his den the abla performance just alluded to the year jJ r association - in McLoughlin a New Haven is athletic plan for - baseball (Comet) Maurice -b- 1913 proved very complicated betw-een the introduction of a league tne eaerai league me new their definite rights by- — the pressing of — players the Players’ league through with DavidL ultz as their attorney The net result of the whole thing first a distinct gain in hearings for players relating to their rights second somew-hat at si- 1 - v - 4 |