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Az ' - - MATERNAL MILITANT ARCHDUCHESS BOHEMIA AUS'HRIA O -L f L - "rBlsaBSOs 4sk lsSuiaS -- AND A 5 - - - - ’ “ s ‘ " z MARIA 1HERESA KING MOTHER AND HUNGARY O O ’ ::a CHILDREN 16 in i K ' black So far as the Empress’ part of there is was concerned no love story which royalty figures which better it in exemplifies the beauty loyalty of tenderness I and passion than that MariaTheresa Maria Theresahad known of rancis her husband and for many years previous he had been a as father’s household affairs of When their to member during state seemed to be with their romanceso feared she might have to be finally agreed was was celebrated rancis I ittj'' 4q-Wz -W 'nrf —— xaJzz : W f a tmz-t 'zz -r- -A-x-awM-- --v-v-zzz m vz-z-'z -vzzzv " ww z ' z s z ?zzyzz s - ' a --ii-n -- - iiib i ar ir mua tub s f wmvtnD£LDrn-:iiiuxjDron-r-iLir-T-j--xnnL' j-’Z-z-Af - ?- ccL n -c:::r w 1 ll LMBiuum—uii xx1zzzzxza- ' : r w -z :j waar zZZTVyV V -f - X Az' A of afterward great personal an ’excellent: apply effectively and used his Of of to money husbandof the as the of Maria -Theresa his private gains his wife were notorious nothing alienated her affection augment His infidelitiesto azj MTII -x-----tr'jiBTCtii"—i— to It upon 1736 Lorraine fond wras opportunities & "i " of 12 characters a He ij !? a the was man possessed he failed attractions inind which 0SH ebruary According'to rancis time immfiw1 she over to thoughts of another As it happened howeter Austrian shaped themselves that the so won marriage 1 that alliance affairs za her interfering marry some one young Archduchesswas not to the else marriage of his boyhood 2 H But c ' - - --z'z from him She seemedto regard him as and beyond the standards above which she applied to the rest of mankind She ' VW - rZAVMHW4'ZX'ZZ'tV4Zz' JW-Z A Z-Z- -vz- z ‘ZZ z- 'ZjotXAai’tfibr BHBBaMavbyzzzzzvmzr:-MnBftv-'z7--xzU2rz zZ(-zyzz'-Aw- zzzzzzz7 zz-JzAy yx--zj Z' ZZ'Z-A'Z’1-Z''ZZ' -zzz z VZ'ZZ-V-ZJ ' zvz-- - -ZZVZ-''ZZ r- -zz- -z--zszzzz-:z zi' ’ --Z-’'ZVz- z- zwz-zw-wz-xz4z--' -v-v z -zzz -x-: v ' ZZ-B - ' ::zzV-zx-?x-vzi-z v-- -- -c z-zz z - zrz-VWZZZMk-A-'Z -zzz--&zz- -A-ZVZZZZ- ®: ’V A -- y a - :-jTW-ri0T : rnL aju::: rr k nw-r--irTL-irT-ri rrin anMim awjsvwk? - 4 ? z 5'?7’0 ’ V' tolerant even of his disloyalties surprising and noble generosity in regard was shown at the death of rancis in calculated to was Her jJ this 4 MTniL-Tjr- a nr fii w 1 a!aa ATtv "jTTunrnnmrrf a: in elt nnnr"jtL--: ni'irrMirjjMinwniiTTMnwrrr "’r s- 1 --zv -z-zz'--' z-z -s z-zz zz-zzzzv-zzzz- -zzz-z :zz-zz--va-z tzi-- - -x--— hihl---o7 z m wnrrninmjijji— mjiiwjulwi j -i r nnm zf -zv- ’ y y cr:-v---'tiL: Mr it —rinj - ttz - -ji aa-aa-a iniuimn 11 r a- - 11 re- -zz ivzv- - ‘ y- iv -z-zc-rn- v - jy-z - t r z z -cm I ’4- i izcLL-zA4'-z-zijk a MaaAZnUM7X-zM0z£Z'A¥0Cj4U-ZZ HL aoncMr z noMMOMWMi w0yjM6MAMU'7 -io Xm-MOVA: 'zwav'y -oaaaa&zzauaccioe4A&-'v -KL64MV4zz:-y - 'rr szz-v zzv-MtzA-z s& is?' ncoiM t- ' ws-- -jazmcMM'n’z'z- yr m M-z nzZ : tfMVAi: -A V ’A A i--h -s t x-r x-ue A-xmroiv OX ' z ' -azr yWzl'-’Z5 -fl '-zzlaz xtumivc - -XZ— T -tuz- : : V' v -ZV -it Ci O -zz:z -eV -zi i-'Z-i ! Z -I s J ’Ti-i ‘W-zi' - : - - a a the lesser charity died at a The Emperor Maria Theresa VA h rf? ‘Sfl 7’ ! svxx' ipi '? - UArrv-v: her courtiers Innsbruck an the court went to and tyoken hearted had she left remainedin seclusion apartmentsfor her When At the return i-M' StA 1 drawn Standing y -TOWSeff ziwrwBzyafc? y aa 1 V 4 ' I iSSfflKtyr - A -- 1Z1--Z z X A quite alone weepingbitterly was the Princess Vuerspergwho had beentbe Emperor’s The acknowledged favorite courtiers enoughto this woman during thel Emperor’slife when she possessed the them favors had withdrawn! powerto do I -EMI ’ aa front in the household the coffin of and fl A-x -W rattmraaOTifc she passed gentlemenof up to the right opposite to them 1 Ill -S-u A” - ill - h: - ' £“ -w-' ? ’ -' TV journey the ladies and of J'-’- I on the River Inn whence the vessels the were to convey the body and court back to Vienna Maria Theresa oA 4r?'- of Hall I w M rebuke manner z -- z- M i servile B -J theihselves from association all with heg that the Emperor was dead Thc paused clasped the hand of the Princess and said now :r Marfa Theresa Austria and King rom 'WO-- Archduchess of :r" I'zA-’’ vv '-z - vzAMfVZa r-' J vlB ' Empress I : : "We -I- have truly suffered a great loss” proved herself to be a most generous and substantial friend to her rival She for when strong history of 8SfeagSagBwfaBI J? fg8ISsyua8X ' nZ I discharged all I11 lliaiii rill ? 8 h il iTi 'infii 'i Theresa Mana duties of a very great and unceasingly and at the same man time met every obligation of a wife and mother with untiring interest and tenderness She was great monarch a valiant warrior passionately devoted wife a wise mother a philanthropist far ahead of her time and a patron of science and the fine arts ugJixr'’'''Aat8AZTti( ’’x' ’’-‘ ’’’ v active infant Archduke the Hungarian States with the A Appealing to that she held always place for the quiet and to this heart a things of $ V ag occasion formed coali-r on this tion with Austria for the defeat of the This was at the beginning of Prussians £3 the Seven her simple and her s battle Gjeat rederick tlie enemy throughout her militant V: ftdgEJ A-:- v A-1 - ' A - career but she takes as a ’’said the sardonic nevertheless rederick When and on other instances her to be as her career and proved intellectually honest as rederick himself She knew what she was doing and acknowledgedthat her share in the spoliation of wrts wrong her father died of his death Maria Theresawas proclaimedKing of Hungary and Bohemia the other European States did believe not that her reign had spent the last his years of perfecting and the subjects of her were by no means sure that woman ruler was altogether desirable In this state of affairs rival fnonarchs of but she stood Poland between her sense thrill own THe Elector of no time in acting Bavariainvaded one part of the realm rance crossed the Rhine immediately and Prussia under rederick lost the the Great ravenous invaded Silesia and demanded cession of large territories in for securing the imperial throne rederick demands advantage tears hypocritical were not and chose at tense moment a a But she put 'aside her own feeling dramatic method for publishing' to the which was against tie plundering world at large her intention of defending of-Poland order in advantagefor to win substantial her realm with the sword against country all to ' arms We die for our will King ! Theresa” a appearing crucial than once in at a was shown more her career While she was still scarcely more than girl the Hungarian States sitting in solemn moments conclave and not they should part of their young whether continue to take the ruler were disturbed or by debating very splendid vision that descended them much after the fashion of upon proud some bunted goddess strong and beautiful 'but for the moinent harassed a and sore beset by a horde of cruel pur suers It the hard pressed by was Maria Theresa hostile allies and driven from her capital With them more active loyalty This episode has been made the subject of a very famous painting and is perhaps no and abatement her fiery yet with much her attitude and ick good tical sense recognize to overpoweredand was the cession of a Silesia to quieted Prussia she then she she submitted large territory the Prussians momentarilyby crowned King arms and the long tried courage valor Hungarians” tpnse or a moment of t Prussia of again began her desire Lorraine a should rederhostile concession the Romans coronation as of Charles whose defeat had now turned into victory entered the Bavariancapital VII delight was preliminary a Emperor 4 to 1745 to his succeed rancis at The this but affairs came into prominence The Prussians won time their loss was Austrians had again In the following enormous retire from year the Austrians to Silesia frequently were triumphantin their encounters wjth the Prussians The Pope renewed to Maria Theresa her title of Apostolic King of Hungary urged rancis ina his died her successor Peter III alliance with Austria because overwhelming admirationfor dignity when bad' already A to by the Great The and joined forces with rederick Russian people however soon broke in out insurrection and speedily deprived his head It of Peter both his crown thetion I an interesting phase of that Maria Theresa should is was and situa-again a J would a crowned Empress consort be right been brief respite in afforded of I able to work some Prussia Dresden get back Silesia for which she crowned King the wars with by the peace of rance continued been damage to the Austrians The Seven Years’ War in 17G4 Maria Theresa inheritance - interestingly contradictory her character were voiced considerable came to an end had failed to she had fought estimates of by of - constructive -which r ’ I i ’ ! j u'- i I-'-5! n Y I' K” - "-J £ ' t most parts of her dominions and was this by the great mass of hoc subjects who found her rule much lighter than that of the nobles who con iu i these bodies Althoughso im- loosen the bonds of authority in any rection or for auy cause She promoted general education and and favorbd religious toleration trade and the the rural of emancipation population from feudal burdens She worked the suppression of the Inquisition for and she putting supported tlie down the Jesuits of and themovement for the of torture in legal procedure these steps she took in an careful that the so suppression but all of extremely manner remedial measures adopted should notj impair the stability of law he result same sought ho ends in conviction and I upheld in Joseph of his rederick permit to r-t a find in a woman monarch Cath Maria erine friend of Russia who followed Peter herself to ruler of that country at the as on ascending consort the throne promptly declared that Prussia same time but she persistently refused her and It that this attitude was withdrew her was declared by many enemy armies from the support of rederic the due to her on her part was that it Great not be loss of place however before they had was 1 governed by While Russia was that everything she did was was a woman it continued to throw in its lot permanent gain to her ralm whereas with Maria Theresa but when the Tsar severed! her eldest son and immediatesuccessor crowned Empress was ' as October became iEmperor Theresa be wrest the great her husband elected King -of Having this to time To Maria Theresa this rancis including Bohemia of in about of rancesoon succeeded died to turned to fight rance the Bavariansand the Saxons In spite of all her efforts the Elector of Bavaria of the Greek a a : the part court was Unwilling that MariaTheresa continue to expand her realms womanly the imperial crown from Austria This manner she remnant of the grandeur of the Holy extended her arms to the assembly in a Roman Empire was also bestowed upon the Elector of touching appeal Hanover under the title of Charles VII "we but it "orsaken by all” she cried was an empty honor for even as he place our sole reliance on the fidelity was crowned the Austrians charm in took This which only women con Empressand her sister with many ladies of the the best known of all the many pictur The Queen put movement against her esque traditions which attach to Maria an army Tn the field and managed for Theresa time to dheck the advance of the Prussians Defeatedin her wars with rederick The Elector of Bavaria who the Great Maria Theresa had the prac-that had been elected Emperor Charles VII was of still to unique fete chariot race in The tended a military x-x di-- I Prussians besieged Prague but withdraw after tremendouslosses figure in Austrian Dauna new Breslau - in many of her actions she was nevertheless extremely cautious in matters of government and forebore to in the Deputies long Exactly as in almost all similar War with however so comers King rederick of Prussia unwilling inally peace rederick and Maria Theresa She 'rode on horsebackto the Mount taken aback were silent with the hostile struggles that the Austrian with the exception of their terrific losses Pressburg where she was crowned Then a mightly shout rose in response successes should continue coalition was signed in May 1748 assembly to and then with her in and treasure found themselves statesmenwho bad every opportunity on her head The sombre chamber was now abandonedhis neutrality and Maria Theresa chose the opportunity of men crown study her from day to day One of these climbed the lightened by a brillluat flash of steel again attacked Austria The in just about the same positions mount arfd grasping firmly a Empress this intervaof peace to work some critics found her1 chief characteristics the sword of StMaria Theresa forced bitterly reforms in the civil Stephen waved it the swords of the Deputies leaped from was government they had heldin before the war began high' mhxdedness and a certain were tqward the four cardinal points of the their scabbards 'Tn a magnificentgesture against her will to gjive up tipper and and in the army She sought seriously The death 1765 of rancis Maria of ‘hor defiance of her they vowed their manlinessof character and the other in token whereby Lower-Silesia before rederick could be to the financial condition Theresa’s beloved compass weapons amend of ’the husband meant the end enemies the service of their beautiful 'mon remarked:— come- whenefe they would to made to country introduced economies in to large extent of her more militant withdraw a many 1 "Her dearest wish is to make a menage The heroic spectacle of this defiant" arch Again however victory turned toward the conduct of the government instituted public actions Her devotion to her radiant with the noble Swiftly the swords were Austrian Assistance poured systematic training of the soldiers husband had young queen thrownback th arms never waned from the fThls proved' a bitter beauty whch she had inherited from her into their scabbards and as one man the in from abroad for the fwoman kin moment of her marriage She young Queen had and constructed permanent camps wore rederick stumbling block in the path of lovely mother Elizabeth of by this Brunswick’ nobles shouted time gained foreign sympathizers of avail keep for him to the day of her Treatieswere no more to mourning death many Great-Tu’his campaignsfor empire in her gallant attitude sent a patriotic "We consecrate our lives and our thizers By way of celebrating the ire- the peace in those days than at present and always kept her apartments "draped Two her beloved a Kaunitz herself thus effectively before her people of Her State Later tradition tells an even more Jacked for dra never charming ctvx storv of with Maria udiiu Theresa xucicaa wiiii matic expression when it needed the infant Archduke Joseph in her was arms and that she knew the value of placing before the States to inspire exchange universal justice and her desire to to the young queen serve the State and in the final analysis herself But Maria Theresa considered she conceived her duty to be first and the heiress of the rights of Austria and Austria foremost to Her own statement she determinedtxPfight for her inheritance of the Case of' Polandis perfectly iUnmi-nating with every Weapon in her power If she was to lose her personal Her resourceful character at bold and reputation for respecting the rights of made itself evident She indignantly once others then it must not be for a small refused the of of enthusiasm Maria Theresa in realms with Her Minister the very souls of her subjects greeted her with unrestrained they as father a History however has cleared Maria Theresaof ell hypocrisy in this as In all Emperor rancis rancis of Lorraine) Husband of Mana Theresa Maria taking of Prague the Empress organized i Theresa Maria Charles VI the very day A pulsive acknowledgedthis declaring: — ‘These Austrians are different from the Austrians we faced before-” t wrts rtl1-14-1 an absolutist bhe to the emi of unifying Austria which Was States and races She made lip suspended the meetings of the estates stituted the Prussians generals united The She only would long endure was twenty-three the years 'old Powers matter showed no inclination to stand by the ofc Poland which cnntientoi agreementto her succession which her serious blot on her weeps made had to Marshal life bhe i able J Even t herreign partition the only ruler successful in the first were soon evident that the re was the Austrian army which had about by Maria Theresa her fighters much more formid! Their larger part of Ironically pointed out one example her inconsistency in the of the of AiaES2®aS2?5 zz z Jaria Theresaworked always of-many brought had ztxzsfz ' ‘ statesman a 11 I the-! j inconsistent the although 1 been obvious occasions it in forms simplicity most judged and War ' army! looked after her still Austria As j nothing complex rankness’ of feeling were among Characteristics But by the standards of less a rich nature her actions on different might easily have appeared K Years’ She however and introduced more reforms and established conscription throughout a in life and that she was as cautious some ways as she was bold in others and you have the picture of a sided personality many so tremendously vital that persons equipped even with an extraordinary sensing’ capacity for the various phases of existence must regard with amazement a life so full so active and so diverse one sense there was about Marla Theresa I Russia in In so 1 OggWlg& a Add not I a a of xery much time was permitted rederick II to pass before and Maria Theresa again at swords points were " the wasl promoting church SSs She She devoted herself also to science and art to the establish-meat hospitals and the work of the Joseph nd f fon spirit was much subdued spent mudh of her time praying in vaults of the church where Tie TSssre PrnfiWDr1” 7i buried the of the Princess bold SV-5C ‘ she Treasurersought of I rsSR Austria children claim a 200000 florins on a bond given to her by? the Emperor before his death Maria Theresa instructed him to pay thq money After rancis’ death Maria Theresa’s a argument in the life Maria Theresa Archduchess of Queen of Hungary and Bohemia and wife of the Holy Roman Emperor rancis Twice crowned king'and mother of sixteen the Imperial disallow to By Mary Watts EMIN ISM should have j — 'Sf4- of Hungary and Bohemia '‘Blooeyof cha Bouaa of awtria- empire accomplishthel" to more quickly and more his zeal for reform brought dras-tically higi I the verge to of rebellion a In her philanthropies showed both the warm Maria hearted of her character practical side and its heresa impulsiveness intelligently She felt the warmest sympathy for the fin her pockets poor and was accustomed to with gold when she went for her long rides that she might shower it upon so the needy folk she might pass whom "rederick the Greatshowerscoppers Maria Theresagives gold”ran a saying of the times This fashion showering gold route she travelled with the approval of the art of giving On of indiscriminately pieces along would any meet hardly modernstudents of j the other hand Maria Theresa the most advanced intelligence in dealing with the poor in large numbers The signing of the peace of Teschen which averted a great war with Prussia showed was the last reign She great act of recognized and wrote her court — "I can now have secured so to one of Maria Theresa’s it wouldbe that the statesmen-of : sing Te a Deum for I! ttrd repose of my- people” She died November 2S 1780 haying been from the date of her father’s death id 1740 until her own one of the'central T ? - s figures in rbpe'f K the wars ’and politics'of Eu- Tj |