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Show tfriwirtfWTnrTBi Great Decisions one-tent- h retain traditional tribal structures and customs merely to keep themselves in power. They have adopted the old colonialist doctrine of Divide and Rule and bent it to fit the new conditions of independence. But it is this very traditionalism Typifying tribalism still impeding Africa, a king sits before prostrate cabinet which, in the opinion of most experts, is the main stumbling block to Africa and Asia emerging from the darkness of the industrial revolution into the light of the space age. Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal, in his massive work three volumes spread on the over more than 2,000 pages underdeveloped world, Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, was scathing in his denunciation of the political leadership of the poorer nations. Commenting on corruption, nepotism and political intrigue among Indian politicians and officials, he said: Small vonder that intellectuals in India display a growing cynicism toward a course of politics shot through with caste and particularism, in which mediocre men band together to keep other mediocre men out of office." India is a classic example of the situation which United Nations Secretary General Thant somberly summed up in these words: We are not winning the war on want. is growing The opportunity gap wider and inequality is increasing." of the world's India has population. Ten million of its 520 million people are unemployed and the figure rises steadily as the population soars at the rate of 1,000,000 a month. Tens of thousands of Indians sleep and die in the streets and millions suffer from malnu-- . ... trition. The first eight years of the develop- ment decade saw Indias per capita infrom $41 in come rise by a pitiable $2 1960 to $43 in 1968. By investing heavily in public housing Singapore has cut deeply into its slums. Half of the 30,000 families on the relief rolls 10 years ago are now breadwinners but vast problems remain. Malaysia claims the second highe.t per capita income to Japan in Asia, $326 a year in 1968, but it is prey to fluctuations in rubber which can be disastrous. A recent drop to 16 U.S. cents per pound for Malayas main product forced half a million small rubber growers onto the tu tapioca diet. Deputy Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak believes if Malayans would resist the lure of Kuala Lumpur and other cities and take part in the? official land schemes unemployment could be solved and a higher standard of - Pakistan's gross national product jumped 63 per cent but the countrys per capita income is still among the lowest in the world and there are startling contrasts between wealth and abysmal poverty with illiteracy and disease still rampant. But there are some hopeful signs. Four years ago in the Punjab, the northern "granary of India, Ranjit Singh was growing only enough wheat on his farm to earn the equivalent of $466 a year. Today by using high yielding seed, fertilize and pesticides, he is earning $1,733 on the single crop. In Maharashtra State, not far from Bombay, farmers who were producing only 1,000 pounds of rice per acre two years ago are now harvesting 4,000 pounds with improved methods of i Mvation. In Indonesia ev ns are hoping that introduction of new otrains of miracle rice developed in the Philippines will in rice provide the key to by 1973. ten-ac- Li the colonial era India was referred to as the brightest jewel in the British crown. But on independence in 1947 the Indians reinherited their country from the British with a practically nonexistent industrial base, a creaking, Victorian civil administration buried beneath mountains of paper and red tape, and a 70 per cent illiteracy rate. Administrative inefficiency, corruption, industrial mismanagement and internecine political instability have combined o make parts of India, 20 years later, an International slum. By HAROLD LUND3TROM-DesereNews Music Editor ON POINTE Western Airlines International has long suggested, in its travel promotion, that humans ought to take the example of the birds and fly south for the winter. It isn't likely, that course, many patrons of of If you have been seen any haven't 'wondering why you Ballet Wests dancers around lately, you should know that they gave three perwhere they reformances in Reno ceived rave reviews from a professional ballet critic now on the faculty at the University of Nevada. Since then they have given concerts and lecture demonstrations in Hayward and (9) and Merced, California Glendale, Arizona (14). Some of the coming performances include Albuquerque San Antonio (22), ) (17). El Paso and back to Frice (26). The Granite School SEE! HEAR! District Community Orcheska will hold its first rehearsal Monday (17) with its Richard Dickson and Joel Rosenberg at the Granite Park Junior High at 7 p.m. You are invited to join even without an audition . . . TOUR EN LBUS (10-11- ), Ballet West could fly south for the winter (Just who would shovel the snow from your (17-18- Mrs. Boynton but Ballet West is making it possible for at least one couple to fly south for four days. And they can fly either to Mexico City or Acapulco with all expenses paid. How? The Salt Lake Ballet Guild, tinder its president, Mrs. Charles A. (Judy) Boynton Jr., is sponsoring a Gala Benefit Premiere of the movie, Oliver," this Wednesday (19) at the Uptown Theatre at 8 p.m. door way?), Tickets for the benefit are $10, of which $7.50 is tax deductible as a dona- tion, and $2.50 is for the theater ticket. During the evening's activities, there will be a drawing and the lucky winner will be free with his (or her) partner to take off with the birds and go south. And he if has a full year to exercise his option he just cant bear to leave all this snow and stuff. (There are a few $5 tickets that do not participate in the drawing for those who would like to aee Oliver and also make a donation to the ballet. With Oliver" being taken from the O'iver Twist, diaries Dickens classic, now joins Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw as a prime source for our musical entertainment. West Side Story" came out of Romeo and Juliet," as, earlier, Kiss Me, Kate, had emerged from The Taming of the Shakespeares Shrew"; "My Fair Lady had its origin 4 Shaws "Pygmalion. I J5 February 17, 1969 OUR MAN JOKES A Friend Who Sings With Heart 'A A it it f u, By HARRY JONES Seems only yesteiday that Alvin Ked-dington was down at his office in thyrt grand old Gothic beauty called the City and County Building. People would see . . . hear . . . Alvin .silting at his desk m the county clerks office usually humming a tune. He hummed a lot bettci than most people VUUHt Mill. And when A1 sang, the birds on historic Washington Square stopped to listen,' I'm sure. . He was good enough that the San-.Francisco Opera wanted him to stay . , make a career. A1 had gone down to the coast for his Church. He did a lot of sing ing there during his mission. from? But Salt Lake City was his home. Noting Platter's incredulous stare the He loved the valley officer justified it this way: "The politicians had six lucrative years of it. Now and the mountains at his back. He it's our turn and we dont really mind this war going on. Its good for sang for years with the famed Taberbusiness." nacle lie Choir, The consensus among the experts is stopped counting that what is needed in the underdevelthe funerals at oped world today is revolution, not miliwhich he sang, but a but revolution sociological genuine tary they were in the thousands. revolution that will break down trioal-isEnough old soldiers to make an army corruption and traditionalism. . that A1 sing their last song. Itrequested What also is desperately needed is a A1 who first sang "Sleep Soldier, was , curb on the exploding birthrate. Boy," the official song of the Veterans q( India has already begun a birth control Foreign Wars. program but is not yet moving nearly A1 was in the middle of his sixth terhi fast enough. as Salt Lake County Clerk when he suf-- 1 ri ' FedThe president of the Employers ; fered a stroke . . . spring of 1961 A) eration of India. Naval H. Tata, says it is was 78. a matter of food production keeping He made frequent visits to his office , abreast of the population increase. and kept in touch daily by telephone. But Tata has said that all the scientific after more than a quarter of a century,and technical knowledge will be of no use A1 knew he had to retire get away unless the prejudices In our minds are from the pressure. eradicated." And although his body was tired, One of these piejudices is that underr' was strong. He could still sing even' voice developed man can continue to count his when he didn't have too much to sing wealth in the number of children he has about. while ignoring the fact that the children Then the time came when the doctor he brings into the world probably will die said that A1 would be better off in a con-(of starvation. "f valescont home. s of the The underdeveloped was Als week But a ago yesterday world, which looks not towards a landing birthday. He was 82. His son, Burt, and on the moon, but to being able to live daughter-in-law- , Pat, picked up A1 at the ;r-:decently on earth, cannot do this alone. convalescent home. The developed world must continue to They brought A1 home to the house 1,1 help, with its knowhow and advice, with where AI lived as a boy. It was the old with and money. compassion home on 5th South . , . still in the If it does not, the misery that breeds family family. hatred and violence must one day It was the home where Al had lived ' explode in the entire worlds face. those character-buildin- g years . . . where One of the supreme ironies of the sithe met his Edith. uation is that as the industrialized naOn hand for the party that Sunday tions advance they almost automatically were his many brothers and sisters . retard the advance of the underdevelchildren . . . grandchildren. oped nations. i, Al was having a wonderful time. He More than 80 per cent of the export " ate a hearty meal and was jovial. They earnings of the poor nations come from talked of those bright years of childhood, raw commodities which the developed nations are fast replacing with synthetAfter dinner, a young granddaughter ics. a family heir-- , sat down at the piano loom. And as she played, Al began to ,, As technology advances the demand for these basic primary products declines sing. and with it rises the spectre of the poverLike I said before, Al has sung with but he never some of the greatest ; ty gap widening even further. sang better than he did last Sunday. Next week; Southeast Asia: More Vtataams in ilt, Dahomey. In the Philippines itself this lice, deat the International Rice Research Institute near Manila, made the country a rice exporting nation for the first time in 1968. The poverty gap is narrowing in both Singapore and Malaya and in both places nature at least sees to it that the poor can eat. One section of .talk from a tapioca plant when replanted yields another stalk. Beneath each stalk is a large edible root, a traditional food of the poor when nothing else is available. In Pakistan as in every other nation in the region, the birth rate is the most devastating drawback to progress. President Ayub Khan said recently that unless it is drastically reduced all Pakistan has achieved and may achieve economically will be absorbed. It is a millstone dragging down countries which otherwise would be able to offer a better life to millions of their citizens. The development picture is no brighter in Africa, where more than 180.000,000 persons, spread over an area of the continent more than twice the size of the United States, gained their independence from colonial rule in the decade between 1 re t and 1967. There are now more than 40 independent countries on the continent, many of p economthem trying to exist on ies, with their tribally-divide- d populations subsisting on primitive agriculture that was in the steam age. For milbons of these primitive bush Africans, ten years of independence has meant virtually nothing. They are still chained to the ancient ways that judge a mans wealth by the number of lean and scrawny cattle, and the number of equally lean children, he possesses. In many cases efforts to break down these tribal divisions have led to disaster. The Nigerian civil war has its root causes in tribalism. Tribalism and corruption are the twin scourges of Africa. African nationalism made the mistake of staking all its dice on one thing the achievement of independence. African nationalist leaders spent most of their time telling their largely illiterate 1957 one-cro- The Metropolitan Opeia Auditions will be held Wednesday (20) at 1 p.m. in the Salt Lake Library Auditorium. Mrs. E. . . . C. Judd is chairman (Tel: The world- - celebrated Vienna Boys is being presented Thursday Choir (20) in Highland High Auditorium, and tickets can be secured from the Utah Symphony Office, 55 West 1st South. By JACK ANDERSON - WASHINGTON Shortly before Lyndon Johnson vacated the White House, his aides began working on an idea that could prevent the torture of Amreican prisoners like the crewmen from ever happening again. The idea de- Pueblo serves the attention of President Nixon. With a stroke of the pen, he could spare future POWs from the beatings and brainwashing used to extort propaganda confessions from them. All it would take is Nixons signature upon an executive order voiding that part of the military code which requires a prisoner to give his captors only his name, rank, serial number and age. Thereby, the President would declare to the world that American prisoners are free to say anything or sign anything demanded of them by their captors. This would end not only the propaganda value of the prisoners' statements but, more important, any i cason for torturing them. The use of prisoners for propaganda purposes by the Communists is neither new nor haphazard. At 11:53 a.m. on only four days after our ground troops first engaged the enemy in July 9. 1950 Korea a broadcast over Seouls radio stunned the U.S. military. It was a plea on behalf of the enemy made by a U.S. officer from the 24th infantry Division who bad been captured just two days earlier. It was literally the voice heard i ound the world. For it was followed by hundreds more germ warfare confessions, charges of U.S. imperialism in Asia and a score of other pet Communist lies. d With the signing of the truce in Korea, U.S. Army launched an investigation of prisoner conduct and came up with the shocking statistic that almost one of every three captives had in some way collaborated with the enemy, despite the traditional rule that they could provide only name, rank and serial number. the In Vietnam, once again we have the films and statements of prisoners apparently confessing to charges that are to us patently ridiculous but are widely believed around the world. There can be no doubt of the propaganda impact of these confessions, both on our friends and enemies. In its report on the Korean POWs, the Army said at one point: In the face of ... NoW ON eMeMe. THe FAOUTHePE- - OhlCB YDl! UNPE&STANP "THATTHBPe NOTMlNETO WoCCYAfcuT- 2-- ter Syn4ect, 7 - ... Als""' ,, . two-third- i ,. ,.i ... ... , the making? The details of this "coercion are well known the grinding sleepless hours, solitary confinement, denial of mail or other outside contact, human degradation, physical and mental abue. Under the present code, it is a question of how much a man can take. But the real question is why should he have to take it at all? LBJ's aides didn't consider doing away with the prisoner conduct code in its entirety. A POW, of course, must be restrained from giving military information to the enemy or informing on his fellow prisoners. He must continue to fight as long as hp can and must, if possible, try to escape. But why must he be saddled with an Inflexible regulation that lays him wide open to enemy torment? Every Pueblo crewman who signed the confession" that the ship had penetrated Korean territorial waters violated even though their the code of conduct " His singing brought tears to the eyes . of other members of the family. ,Ji ( One of the happiest days of my life, said Al as they prepared him for bed that night. Doctors say a coronary may strike any time. Maybe it was coincidence , maybe Al just sang his heart out. -Hes in the LDS Hosnital , . critical. J There is hope that Al may yet sing.,.. -another day. . , AI made a lot of friends in his role as' county clerk. Maybe cards and letters - r- don't work wonders, I don't know. But it's worth a try! - . - Wit's End The rumor that a large girdie factory is going to locate in our valley is without foundation. BIG TALK were larded with hidden confessions obscenities and obviously ridiculous "fac- tual" data. Maj. Gen. Gilbert Woodward, who signed the admission of Pueblo guilt in after denouncing order to free the crew it publicly as a lie. also violated the code. iv ' 1 'V Yet they were acting in the only sensible manner open to them. Shouldnt all our prisoners be given at least this chance? by Brickman the small society , . experience, it is recognized that the POW may be subjected to an extreme coercion beyond his ability to resist. MERRY-GO-ROUN- D . - A Plan To Prevent Torture Of POWs Fly South For Ballet? ' in veloped living become possible. Thailand has something of the same the capital, Bangkok, is wealproblem thy but the countryside might as well be back in the 16th Century for all it gains from modern developments. But American aid and American urging that this situation breeds communism is produc-in- g programs designed to improve rural lile. MUSICAL WHIRL t Monday, n two-thir- to ft NEWS, n one-sixt- h two-thir- DESERET audiences that the mete attainment of freedom meant not the beginning, but the end, of the road. African nationalism never prepared the masses for the oecades of hard toil and revolutionary social changes that will have to be made it the continent is ever to catch up with (lie developed world. Instead they were told that independence meant nirvana, a toilless world where everyone could sit under the shade of his money tree and watch the wealth grow, In many places, Africans today still find themselves groaning under the dead weight of tribalism, ignorance and poverty. In the cities politicians blatantly cash-ion their positions. Graft is not a crime, it's the smart thing to do, and a politician's influence is often measured by the size of his automobile. Outraged at the corruption of the politicians, young army officers in many African countries have risen up to over-tiow them in Dioodv nuntaiy coups. But they in turn have fallen victim to the very corruption they sought to stamp out. United Press International cot respondent Juhn Platter, on a visit to the Nigerian war front last year, watched a senior army officer nonchalantly pull a thick wad of banknotes from his pocket and then ask Now where did these come one-thir- d 3 i",T"'ir mmi 4: What About Africa , Asia? By PETER LYNCH United Press International Man today is on the threshold of lands ing on tne moon but on earth of the world's population cannot be assured of getting a square meal tomorrow. While the developed work! reaches for the moon, the two billion people ot the underdeveloped world in Africa and Asia search, so far vainly, for a way out of wretchedness and poverty. At the United Nations planners are already at work laying ground rules for the second development decade of the 1970s, while the development decade of the 1960s fizzles towards disillusionment. Despite massive assistance from the advanced industrially the countries, world still struggles underdeveloped of its total inalong on only of its food production, come, of it3 industrial and uulpul. At the same time it is faced with a population expl;Mu that away progress before it can grow and take hold. The population of the poverty strickof the earth is increasing at en more than double the rate of the advanced countries. In India a million people are bom every month. In the past 20 years the United States and Britain alone have poured some $85 billion into Africa rnd Asia in aid and loans in a bid to bridge the poverty gap. But the gap obstinately refuses to dwindle, while aid from the advanced world steadily does. Last year the U.S. Congress voted the lowest sum in the history of the foreign aid program, $1.75 billion. Britain, beset by massive and stubborn fiscal problems that have the rest of the western world jittery, has been forced drastically to trim its foreign aid program to less than .5 per cent of its public expenditure. Having passed through the first development decade without making much tangible progress, the underdeveloped world now faces the second with less outside help than it has ever had before. on the congressional Commenting slashing of the foreign aid program last year, former President Lyndon B. Johnson said; It is unmerciful to condemn millions to wretchedness. It is madness to so jeopardize our own security and the orderly progression of our world. Johnsons protest was drama Jc, but it tells only half the story. Most economists and development experts agree that iree handouts alone are never going to solve the problems of the poorer nations. The root causes of their problems can be solved only by themselves. The Premier of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, one of the most realistic leaders of the underdeveloped world, is one who acknowledges that the war against poverty must begin at home. The world does not owe us a liring, he concedes. Nor does he believe that the world owes the poorer nations protection, sometimes from themselves. , Commenting on Britains 1968 decision to withdraw its military presence irom East of Suez by 1971, Lee said, So the time has come for us to do some of the dying. The trouble is, in the opinion of experts, there are not enough Lees around of the world. in the poorer seem of determined its leaders Many m Note: The idea of a presidential proclamation declaring that American prisoners could confess to anything to avoid torture and that their statements thereafter would be meaningless was first suggested by Washington newsman Fred Blumentlial after listening to Brig. Gen. Andy Evans, a prisoner of the Korean War, describe his ordeal. Retired Admiral Dan Gallery is another who has been pushing the idea. He has contended: "In dealing with the brnimvashers, the rules of war as we know them, in regard to our prisoners, are as obsolete as a dynamite 1, 't X: ,4 - "They may hire an 'Ombuds- man a person who goes to bat for private citizens with complaints."'. against the state. Why not just calV, him Batman?' From taKfn by Lioml v. for Ih, Dcerei News' popu.ar daily Baby Birthday feature. iiiipiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiuii - - ' - ' ; |