Show THE OGDEN (UTAH) GC SUNDAY MORNING STANDARD-EXAMINE- R TV 5 DAM ENLARGEMENT ' ' "' is- - '' ' i V w: ' 'v W vo wyy- f ' ' 'y t '7y V ' - - Xv ''ikv - ' ’YA Y C ’ A - v-X- ' ’- - T v 'V ’'"' SV' ’ X'V - J'S V KY ' 'ttV Zs 3tXjsxJV-- X T X 'v " - ' V 'C' j &- sHT 'y '' ‘ vX ' v I :jS'' T' a- - lx1 IZT'W I 4fc t'' ' ' V v ’ v yr - xSi pT :sxv Jk v V IA S5' X j XX ‘ 5'’Wf' V r'-- f jk ! A - rfS' :' yt Jysfr 1 v 4 s S' v y 4? X Xx ' $ - j'- 'sX " xr-- iv m X WBtfMMMrai k rhfir ntfr a iimWfciirirTnTmiTri)iiMT Vv 'w v Sxt ' S l£SfX V fX 'W' " X tg J x - 4 mrXS 5 - o ' ' vV a '' I- vV -- V - ': ' ty X ' Hrxiv vvVs x ' '' Iy? Z11 i '' y 0 ox 9 N it ' ' y ' A N 's' X-V V s ' '! k V A '&' Pnirih? f vO 'ft s- - y - X- 'y $ y VO i ' s f f a-- 4'" y t tx T4?x- - ?r A x V- f X“! J4 cvf s m - X t' 's' ss 0' 2 '' ' : 'A it' V - v S y S 0 if x Vvfr CLEAN UP — When the topsoil at a damsite is removed exposing the bedrock as shown above a fine layer of coal dust forms This- dust must be removed to enable the fill ihaterial to stick better to the bedrock making a firmer dam - X ' 'x ' i?x 3 xr5Vt ££ Pxy ' r X " lr p - ’ XA V ' c' xj "Xrx !y'' ' x r vr ' ’' ’mm? XXPX-X- r' 4 !i7'2 "v v xS V t r - v s:' ' ' ' : s4 f" y V p X "r 1 Xv 5- ( v i X 7 '! - t v f w '- yT- a j v W t - 3 x x- MORE WATER — This is an artist’s conception of what’s going to happen to Pine View Dam when workmen start the $1372000 project to raise its height The light area is the present dam the darker shows the addition jp&JVr 55uLir f 04 xWv V ?Yf A - i I " - i ? T 'v 'v xv r- C'- - t Js V 'k- - r-xx- CY " vr "V ':- - y ' Am JUIY 17 1953 - - s'y' 'i: One of the most impressive the surrounding watersheds to w t provide enough runoff to fill the features about Wanship right now Men end is the night work relatively IZ'Z reservoir are working in These things are decided by heavy equipment Zrto&iJ' ' shoesTrolf up‘hirpant Tegs" and was unexpected and intriguing I bethree shifts around the clock to differently trained people place him in a small stream - Seldom Raised 1S considered '2uVxV' ' thelte complete the project Sooner or later he will start try“Dams are seldom raised for j dam the for chosen slte The The cutoff trench has been across a dam S&k4t it three reasons” he explains ing to build ' & v W1 whether it do to jaVs ' ot a as filled do V'"S so giving workmen the full as the boy grows And in raising a o 3 ' X $ addition Pthe ' in are v JLak his dams r until his feats z 4? !PtbAp aIlTh1? de?is?on isSed Thp1 oXthin has to conform dam ' Z onmv Hv 'tz lefto yvVv-y a class with the 2 million dollar to the original! design ” ''i data technical of a across j nver on the hinging Is throw the dirt lot Wanship project or the raising The first reason he gives is x - between toundaof mounon two the the & anchoring tifr '' of Pine View Dam that dams are' usually built for chiefly v V a of daim & the 1°n f®ns pF° shape i'?er However between the small lad their full possibilities of ma- y Vx1 JS But it isn t that simple Great and his makeshift structure and cost- - y1(e and the availability ® tenals- th selectl'? the adult and his Wanship Dam peracrtfoorofwSerstored 5 material Just any the v yoof fill is more than physical growth It As the dam is built bigger Which Is Cheapest? ii'vt4 y takes more than a bigger shovel Mr Peterson jpoints out there It- is possible for a concrete dl"’ont dot build to the more and dirt wm resto be the cheapest in one big dam more nn be the that Thereayf tT‘° X?S of mate' wnf fwr t years UMMHWUdy srXyo ’x earth-filleml similar-sizestrucdams aYajlab J°r ervoir will not Jill This puts the area while a dollar Wanship water will flow UP SHE GOES!— First truckloads of fill are dumped on the site of the build men who Behind be the would area ture another in cost of the partialout Dam The first loads are clay and sand mixture of zone one material comprising the middle secof and into are readily and lm- -water these storage giants y fined upper portion out of more economical as an earthen tion of the dam The fill materials are readily available on either side of the Weber River dam It depends again on the Pervious which has the oppoyears of correlating education - proportion with the almost-al- and experience for practical ap- wavs-fillefoundation offered by the river site feature lower part pt0V third it is hiore expensive to bed A concrete dam requires The pHcation V5!i That’s all it takes to build a tailor work to existing eondi- - a considerably firmer and strong- - f rafAa"d c0?hi I water will it dam — education experience tions and the original construe- - er base on which to rest dam become sat- the know-hoof using them tion fs expensive enough in its and the decided an earth- through Engineers and eventually float down- TTie desire to build and the need own filled dam would be more feas- - orated right is already there none of these fac- - ile at Wanship not because of strThe Fortunately T v aterijl1 ri ' The education isn’t hard to tors are present in sufficient de- - the foundation but because of -A ''v' '' A 'A'a' Vy " "v ' mttSdJ!hiMnd’ get if you have the funds for a gree to hinder the Pine View material availability four-yea- r poses mwww! course at an engineer- - project The two main ingredients of full A mg schoojL It can’t be aN tour Pine View v4s built for a need concrete are cement and sand 'yater will yxr'X-1J The of though :r engineering student that was current in the late If the nearest source of either aI F U 2 has to buckle down and study y from material for a short distance these is any 4 iA Importation costa dams soaking up all the “book lam- material 1 ? can he J Jevel mg get become prohibitive "hnt x ter needs re- aram reaauy This is what officials ran into jm®ss not This also eliminates the sec- Always Room e e a t t p ®t ' fac- - in deciding the type of structure hard to get the expe- - ©nd or 7 Also the to use at Wanship rience either There is always for a ft 10 ?? "n1 pjacek Another attractive feature materials for an earthen dam J v56®" oom in the engineering field S' - " f ¥ for bright promising young men: about the raising of Pine View were found in abundance a most irom dam and a5S y fJ if —' the carryover factor The in- - within a shovel s throw of the But nutting the two together reservoir (’ itod Over '"' )S to turn out huge dams does not creased reservpir capacity will site : rSeriiTnTveas'ThiictioiT re- K' - 5 ' aftj The first thing to be done come with a paid-fo- r f ''yy college de- - provide reserve for use in case A v the’ ton ' gree or an accepted job applica- - a dryear reduces the watershed er the site selection is removal durinff its fiei8nt the da V m t tion J® of the water from the work flow " $ tr '' & To understahd how engineers area This was accomplished at f An example of this is seen Another Solution t Vx at Wanship where a good start Ar getting ardund the third fac- - Wanship by building an I i The two materials cannot be has been made on the project tor requires a little knowledge of diversion tunnel through the pfAoff the and into a satisfactory blend mountain mixed i A at dams look h°w built to throw 4M million tons of dift pinching arej so site the above stream the can this and rock across the Weber River Wanship engineers came up with provide 1 to down is solution Dams next The Mr another are Peterson to dig step says effectively retain in storage 7 is like to A cutoff to bedrock trench dams Earthen and acre-fee- t water best the 60000 irriWanship of precipds impound ig ' j&ai v Zone one to put them is where they dug into the bedrock near the are built in zones waters place gation v w y Alton H Peterson bureau of will store the most water for the center of the dam The fill in is an impervious clay and sand s K y x J It goes into 1 this trench becomes part of the mixture section t v' Reclamation ' residenf'engineer is lowest construction cost Vy' from t water of the struc- middle The ideal dam and the a the where it exall spot his prevents portion edition and large putting " -- '“S bowl-likA s is ' V“t valley is pinched off seeping underneath the dam and ture Zone two sand gravel and perience into this key Weber cobbles is placed on either side into a narrow canyon — the escaping Basin project if ' W!K ' zone one about narrower is course better of Of j at cutoff The the When he completes this job Wanship con25 20 are to to and from 50 be Water there factors wide feet he will hatfe the unusual but seeps into the zone two otheij v J- feet ofsidered or as Such the rather simple from an engineerpervious material as the res- deep ability ? V 't v ing viewpoint task of raising WATERING DAY — City lawn owners and farmers are not the only people plagued with the necesPine View Dam Mr Peterson’s statement that sity of watering Above a huge tanker sprinkles the clay material being used in the Wanship Dam ’S $ jMofxr X v " v A yVX-x- v j py 5 vK 3 : - &" y ' ’4 y v v f yy ‘ 1 A‘ -- yy " & v-- A 4& - j it y 4 "Ay 4“ 4 “? 4- - if T S - 0- "‘X mtriiimi iAfiminr jtk inirtiffunaMi "Wii d d per-acre-fo- ot d 5““ sJkJV -X- ‘‘ a’'’’" V A V S s&S i X- A v6- t y rt - - X TioJ!amtw£ y N k- It-isn- ot ’t I N 4 - 3 ’ - -- J ' "v fr' 5 v 5 ) 1 1 800-foo- - V’ V ’ K' r : ¥" Jfo s- s'- ? - - t?r e ’A - t' ‘ 1 A- - S vvas it failed however because the dirtf wo? n5StjC!? t0 thecon away from 9fete- - The J co"cete! sllghJ1E leaving channel for seep tip and over the point The irriga- escaped t'at!5 actiononly but washed ' 4' MllIlon Tons About 3100000 cubic yards or million tons of fill will be used at Wanship This in- eludes both types of material All the sections will go up about even Specifications re- h no mojce than a quire difference between the level of the middle and outer sections To give the dam more stability the sections will be compacted at regular intervals The middle or clay section will be compacted in layers by running a roller over it 12 times The outside layers will be layers by compacted in four passes with a heavy tractor The tractor is used on the outer layers of sand gravel and cob- bles because its vibration is as The important as its weight vibration of the tractor as it passes over the material settles it together as effectively as th® weight of the machine 10-inc- six-inc- h 20-to- n 12-inc- h b hut AF three course once --every three years Frenchmen climbed into a small At Lowry this 'course ends with a simulated flight in the altitude basket beneath a balloon and rose chamber 29000 feet above the earth’s ” The adverse effects of high surface altitude flying are caused chiefly Two died in the throes of oxya in atmospheric presdecrease gen starvation The third blind- by sure ed and partially paralyzed lived To offset these effects Air to describe the dangers of invadaltitudes Force researchers have dreamed the high ing Today Air Force jet pilots up and perfected oxygen masks zoom past the apex of the French- pressure suits or cabin pressurizamen’s flight to altitudes just as tion Lt Seidner describes what sonic in nature as the speeds at would happen to a jet pilot if he which their crafts fly And except in rare cases of were to leave the ground for the emergency tiey land again none higher reaches of the sky without the worse for their venture into his oxygen mask the skies where for eons only Thirty minutes flight at 15000 meteors and sunbeams had dared to 18000 feet results in som£ loss of muscle control His field of attread the fate do tention narrows as his vision How they escape answer The Frenchmen? blurs His memory fails him and of the bedifference as the his is as simple reasoning becomes faulty tween the Frenchman’s balloon and he may feel overconfident He may pass out and the USAF supersonic jets As he climbs above 18000 feet The answer is in the altitude chamber of the physiological his emotional reactions become training unit at Lowry Air Force even more radical He repeats senseless movements loses sense Base at Denver inforSeidner of time and can’t think straight Fred public Lt 461st of He the officer mation Light may burst out laughing or Bomb Wing at Hill AFB recent- break into tears for no apparent ly returned from Lowry where reason At 20000 feet the pilot may he got a sample of the training available at the physological lose consciousness in four to six minutes without oxygen If he is unit -training ‘‘A simulated flight in the alti- still conscious at 30000 feet he tude chamber shows a pilot just might last another one or two what physical and emotional re- minutes He will last about 30 actions he can expect at various seconds at 38000 feet and above high altitudes” Lt Seidner re- 50000 feet he will pass out in 3 to 5 seconds ports The body will give physical As the speeds and altitudes of increase the danger warnings before the mind today’s Air Force stresses and pressures on the pi- blanks out at high altitude Lt Seidner says The warnings are lot’s body become tremendous Most of the 70000 officers and not uniform among all fliers 24000 enlisted men must com“Training flights in the altitude tells the pilot what to a chamber physiological training plete 80 V vT " About 4 '4 - Them V V t x res J1 middle section giving it a tend- ency to crumble the outer layer will hold it in place Before the engineers arrived at this satisfactory solution they had tried another method which good from an economic and engineering view a concrete core was used in stead of the zone one clay and mixture matenaL The core was ?afcedJlk?£ edge ntK 15 ivlth theJp? upi?i? ln sides I w X ervoir level rises during the spring runoff The rone one material stops the seepage when the water reaches itf except for a sm9li amount which seeps into the clay mixture When the reservoir level starts to drop during heavy usage the pervious zone two ma- !u"al drai”s reaf?ily’ elimiPating crumbling with the clay and sand mixture And if the water seeps into the expect when the warning signals oxygen-les- s flying gained in the start flashing and to either get altitude chamber stands the flier down to a lower safe altitude or in good stead in case he has to get his oxygen equipment work- leave a damaged or “dead” plane ' in the higher outdoors of the sky ing” With Lt Seidner his warnings It also comes in handy in case of were a tingling at the tips of his a bailout around the speed of fingers which work up the inside sounds It is almost impossible to bail of his arm toward the body He out near sonic speeds The ejectlasted 105 seconds at 35000 feet or is about the pilot’s only seat The ground animal man has seat catapults him The had to compromise with the hope stratospheric elements to survive either downward or high into the air beyond the plane’s tail in his sonic altitude flights Since the first flier used the Practically all bombers and fighters are equipped with cabin ejector seat five years ago more The Air Force than 250 Air Force pilots have pressurization does not duplicate ground level saved their lives with it man can escape A pressures however because of the a doomed plane by using vulnerability it would place on from the ejector seat with 150 pounds the crews in combat situations Interceptors maintain a pres- of gear including his parachute sure differential of five pounds oxygen equipment and emergency per square inch while cruising kits This means there is five pounds fHe is hurled into the minus-6inch more pressure per square degree cold of the outside cabin than inside the stratosphere'Every second he reis mains the differential combat In “way up there” brings him closer to oxygen failure and 50000 altitude At feet only 275 actto an is best chance for surHis death cabin the pressurized free-fal- l comin vival is 20000 of feet ual altitude using his bail on out and 30000 feet of bottle bat situations oxygen 0 If he pulls his ripcord at patrols feet it will take him 20 to 25 For bombers the differential is 655 cruising and 235 in combat minutes to descend Without a The greatest danger to the flier chute it takes about 2k minutes comes when enemy gunfire peneThere are two courses in high trates the plane The airman will altitude flying at Lowry — a beginner’s course and a experience the shock of rapid or All refresher course “explosive” decompression air in the cabin including what As the Air Force keeps deephe has in his lung makes a pell-me- ening its penetration of the sky rush into outer space If training like that at Lowry is bethis happens above 40000 feet coming more and more importthe flier must have a protective ant It is already paying off handinterhelmet or pressurized suit to sur- somely in the intercontivive ceptors and the This training and the knowl- nental bombers which operate edge of his own body reactions to above 45000 feet years ago 200-poun- d sub-zer- o 7 40-00- 30-ho- ur six-ho- ur ll all-weath- er B-3- r 4 6 wrii?re They are getting reany io take a simulated high altitude bodies give when it runs out of oxygen The warning signals to their chamber determine what warnings signs flight in the altitude will be different for each man GAS-LES- S CHAMBER — These airmen are not getting ready for gas I Y |