Show The Salt Lake Tribune Monday October 2 1967 I I i nside Russiai 1917417: Bolshevik Idealism Falters Over Fads of Necessity I 1111 uir From Page One I ' rule of one kind or another opmunist parties overt or clandestine xitt in all countries The doctrine of éminnunism and the politics Of the corn- Impist world have influenced wmid poll- OA and Internal regimes almost every- - L a i tr i lipi years after the Nov 7 coup in 14h as Mikoyan recalled fewer people Itstl their lives than die in traffic acct cleats on an ordinary New York weekend of Soviet rule were vis- Ile)Ichlevements Moscow's world mightily But her revolutioitz7 spirit was dim I 'ot only had world revolution failed or the transformation of man that ) ftel revolutionaries had expected had The soviet state had become Owner and employer of labor lwisPred of man by man as In dream had not ended Instead step had arisen exploitation of man by otie iworlds greatest employer the Soviet 4afe with party courts secret police 4otv press unions and propaganda to stifor its dictate lit) Z Towered Over State 1 1 nearly 30 of Soviet Russia's 50 from shortly after Lenin's death yea ii lanuary 1924 until Stalin's death on liatch 5 1953 the figure 'of Stalin tow- tire over the Soviet State The memory 1 s terror the persistence of his harsh Ite rods the survival of his police appasHs and most pervasive the habits itch style that he infused into the monsints Soviet bureaueraey threw a shad v iover the 50th anniversary ceiebra- 413s I there was in Moscow as the holiday st:pproached a mood in which questioning sash doubt mingled with pride In Soviet khlevements Even In the realm of where the Soviet Union had demeilstrated brilliant genius not all the 2ta4tions of Muscovites were positive : 4a angry young writer harshly 4 Or a 1 claimed: : :Space — who needs It? The fact is vte don't belong there — neither we nor you! Americans There's enough on this efiarth to occupy ourselves" Such skepticism understandably had r:o Pace in the philosophy of Mikoyan Ile pad dedicated his life to the material se ogres of his country He was proud 41 4s achievements and ticked them off st leby one He went back to Lenin and his early plans — the Leninist concept ttat communism could be defined as '4411ctrification plus Soviet rule" a sort if ilational Tennessee Valley Authority kineby the Bolsheviks a Lenin launched a plan for national 4e4trification in December 1920 In 10 to 5 sears Soviet power capacity was to be sciaed up IN million kilowatts and to 812 billion kilowatt-hour- s it he time Lenin spoke Russia's and disorganized electric power thdilstry generated 500 million kilowattliouts not enough Mikoyan noted for ceassmall power grid today elec4-lc:o- Output Under Czars t i production under the czars had otal 1:ee 2 billion kilowatt-hour- s "That's Just tfie more than we produce in Turkmenio today" he said Turkmenia has Ile least developed power industry Imong the Soviet Central Asian Repub1 I I 1 A lics 1 : "This year we will have an output of of electricity" 598 billion kilowatt-hour- s 4likoyan said "That is more than six gmes what we produced in 1950 when siutput was 90 billion kilowatt-hours- " s to 1929 the start of l Mikoyan cast back plan the crash 4talin'8 first five-yea- r for industrializing Russia ilrogra "I was commissar of foreign and tfomesl trade at that time" he iecalled "Steel production had been four sJiillion tons in Russia before the revolution In Lenin's time it had dropped as i - IbWas 200000 'tons" i Ilikoyan had ihaa He opened a ' '' - slim folder in front of it and took out a sheet '' t 4 ? :I' i :1: ' ' 1 r r ''- 6 t 74 ' to ' '' ot 1 : ' t1 4 ' i ' - "l'T !T I " it 4 4 t ' i - t i - ' 4'Si 14 ' i 1 It '''' 1 '' t t fi ' - 1' ' —"3 i r ! 1 g - 1 r4 t r ! t 1 :' 7A k)Ø I 1 I I ' L-- i iA Ai 4 - 4 ) ' : A4 441 o' t ' 4 ' - 4 'It : — i'' At 4 t '01 J t Is-- ::J- 7'-' r '' ' '' f ' f0 h i 'I' - ' r : 4 - t '4- t 1 ri i 4''4 60' 1 '- - A 1 : - " '- r V zl'i v1 - :' - ' : '- - 1: ' i '''' 1 4 1 1 '' 1 PI ' ? -: ' ' '' z ' ' '! ts : ' 'y - N 1 i 7: ' i ": :1 ' 1 rs working for the police or with police permission It has some rather garish prostitutes It has more food more consumer goods more prosperity than in any year 1917 But as the 1967 anniversary approached Moscow's mood was still querulous Some pined for the end of the anfestivities "It's so Many young people simply paid no heed "Really" one youthful editor exlaimed "our young people aren't much interested in this kind of thing The only subject that arouses them is jazz" In the summer of 1967 thousands of young Russians put packs on their backs a roll of blankets over their shoulder cradled a guitar or an accordian in their your ypung people '1 ' - 1 Albavel &At ittak & 11 the north of czarist Fingers Croseed : In World' "The Americans are the best workingin the world They possess the best traditions After all it was the energetic able skilled people who emigrated to America They took with them the desire and ability to work hard and well We : : have an enormous ' residue of tradition Only when this is overcome will we begin to get our economy going as well as yours" He cited the persistence in Russia of what he called the "Tom Sawyer" tradi- between city The sharp distinction and countryside still marked Soviet life The moment the Moscow city line was passed one entered the world of old Russia the village with its communal wells the women beating out the washing on : tion remember" he said "when the fence? All the ether boys came along and watched He was clever enough to get them to do the work for him Here however we are still in the first stage One man paints the rest watch Even the most Russians conceded that the persistence of the Torn Sawyer tradition in the age of cosmonauts was an anomaly that hardly could survive much longer Fifty years after the revolution a young Russian writer said: "Somehow I don't really know how we have survived the last 50 years We have even begun to make some progress "Fifty years hence on our 100th anniversary perhaps we'll really have achieved something worth our dancing in the streets I hope so and I really think "You - Tom was painting stones beside the pond the log houses with gaily painted wooden curleycues the sunflowers beside the picket fences and here and there a cart with a great wooden yoke over the horse's neck But one thing had changed in the summer of 1967 at least in the vicinity of Moscow No longer was goat tethered On a scrawny patch of grass before each wooden izba The goats so common for three decades that they were called ''Moscow cows" had virtually vanished Today the villagers did not have to rely on goats Now they were permitted to own their own cows Yuri Zhukov Pravda commentator was one who contended that the farm problem had been solved Essentially he said this was achieved by roonPy The a ' 7 t i t I t we may" (Copyright) Amok nmP1 1113 u p t t L I i-- C 1 c Ii ::4:::: :::: : ' :w: a H 1 0 : ! 1 wq r WOOL WORSTOD il DIG VALUE ALL WOOL r71 yi 1 it r It ! 1 vol vorocofti Li 0 Z7 ir7' Now you can save on these top quality factory fresh tailored suits and continental Ivy styles In tho finest ported and domestic Ce 107A (A) materials Designed 111 t ) ' were to fit your taste $izes and colors ': 4 programs Some were arrested for their pains In universities the "underground" student magazine or newspaper became a common phenomena Often the young editors would Wind up in jail The sentiments found in this underground press were as subversive of Soviet political and social norms as their equivalents 4n Berkeley Calif of New York's Columbia campus are subversive of the Arnerican establishment un 1 A kJ I 44' rok All With I I I Iry winter the season 1 t V1 2 nPA nn i r L' s'S ' I'llLI II 3 1' '' ii 7i - ) LI 1 Stiu 6 1 k7) i ) gir unnu ij r! F717P m t' i v I iiv:- :?:': A - "Get your r I 1111 - 4kx') - f :::c 7: 7 t' h t- r '- - Atilo 7 i 41j: 4 L i‘ iL' '''J 7 '' :-- L 1 1 h I I i ' O'k' I ‘1'1'1''):'' r ‘ 'it 11 rlib i 1 ! :0 - I mr- f -- I A i I i r ' ' il 41 - 1 7 ' '''''' Also in Ogden at 2427 WaslAngton Blvd L:r:: I 4 1 - - ? f ! i IL:k - !:4 : ' : i -- e 4 i ' Lion's Share" ) 4 t1' 7 t 1 0t '''' 0 IS 0114 1! '' '1i11''ir i D4A il 4 ) AlA' I i I ' t 'l '— ) 1 14- - e47 t 'I: J N:411: ' - '141 1:'' 4 ' i :: ' f Ilf 74 I I CHARGE OR BUDGET ACCOUNTS INVITED Evoninge Till I Shop Monday and Friday 4- I S to $70 Rcg l h I !'s 100 they have i warmth and good styling a: from image Choose selection large ii L'm With the big savings going on you can't afford to min the savings on these practical durable 2 pants suits that war and wear Hurry in while tho selection is good TI it 1 --- t341 4t r-1- -:' ' i 1 want to coming take advantage of the tremendous sayings on these topcoats Made from select fabric of t- You'll wool A prized item in the thriving "grey" market fueled by the contributions of allentatly conservative one a ed youngster a visitor saw Bibles casually displayed Another writer kept a crucifix on his table ' men Remained Distinction iconoclastic thousands of Soviet tourists returning from abroad were humorous rude or obscene buttons from the rich stocks to be found in Anietican campus stores or in Greenwich Village The songs that young Russians strummed on their guitars were the infinitely melancholic ballads of the Stalinist prison camps Marx called religion the "opiate of the people" Lenin struggled to destroy religion's power in Russia Stalin compromised to win church support in World War Khrushchev new IL Under Nikita S campaigns were waged against God But on the desks of two writers one an elder- 'Best stricted r-- 3 1 against?" hobbyists Magnum They conceded that Stalin's R '':- The alienation found expression in a dozen ways In smaller towns and rural radio crucial Zhukov was critical of the low productivity of Soviet workers Ile said it was substantially lower than in the United States partly because of low wages Ide cited the Soviet construction industry as an example Skills were low Many workers came directly to the job from rural life They did not know the meaning of high standards In the United States in contrast the building crafts were among the highest paid and most skilled The next great task of the Soviet Union in Zliukov's opinion was to lift the skill and producand tivity of the industrial workers along with it their wages and living standards This Would not be easy said a Soviet economist familiar with the United States "Really" he said "there Is no comparison between the working energy and efficiency of American workmen and Soviet workmen "''"""'""'"'':"''''"''''"'""'''" problem" e r" last the agricultural problent had long Voznesensky smiled sadly "Don't he said "We still have plenty for them to rebel against It's no areas short-wavbroadcasting — "It's so boring" rebels complain worry" - I 'ok 4 Critind Issue ': But— revolt ' ' ' I "Our young people have definite causes for their rebellion" an American told the poet Andrei Voznesensky "they are opposing the war in Vietnam or battling for race equality You have no war In Vietnam and no race problem — what do In ''' parade In Moscow's Red Square als Long Way to Go i" '! t t54 been solved They were not hippies but they were detached from the energetic purposeful directed life of the Soviet Union What they sought was not too dar but they knew what they did not like — party Pravda editortpreaching xenophobia ties being constructed by Fiat Renault and others the Soviet Union will be turning out VA million passenger cars a Year in the early 1970s more than five times the present output But this will not be soon enough to cut off the wave of popular grumbling ' ' :4 :( k 1 ' Z - With a decline in working time the Issue of labor productivity is becoming But many kept their fingers crossed The Soviet Union was importing secondary foods fruits vegetables canned meats and frozen fish from eastern Europe and the west As recently as three years ago it had been compelled to enter the international grain market to buy hundreds of thousands of tons of grain to make up a deficit The Soviet Union was still far from the position of Czarist Russia one of the world's major food exporting countries Hundreds of thousands of rural residents thronged into Moscow each day to shop — often for such commonplace commodities as white bread No Russian housewife yet could purchase flour at the grocery store whenever she wished or in unlimited quantity Even before the great holidays like Nov 7 East and May Day purchases were re- ' ''' I at times They lived off the countryside did small chores or begged for their food Not Hippies V' In 1967 the question of whether the Soviet had created a viable efficient system of food production capable of supporting the new urban technological elite was still an open one Some Soviet spokesmen believed that dull" one happens" facili- 1 Still Open Question have read so much bored before it ever arms and wandered off toward a little like the roving tramps - 4 There is hardly an apartment occupied by the new Soviet middle class that does not have an ikon on the wall Ostensibly these are art objects Religious music is being recorded in state studios the old Russian passion for church bells has been revived after 50 years of desuetude These manifestations of dissent of annul of challenge to stated Soviet goals have marked the emergence of a well paid comfortable Soviet middle class possessing material and ethical motivations hardly to be distinguished from those of the middle class in other countries The transformation of rural life In Russia in 50 years or even Soviet World War II has not been so marked as that of urban life Relations between Communists and the countryside never proved comfortable d Russian said "We about it that we are : "i- 4'" 11411411 kW and marble-faceunderground palaces of Stalin's day Moscow has its own fashion industry Its chain of "Svetlana" stores that sell quality goods and Paris imports at high prices It has foreign currency shops where scarce goods and foreign foods liquor and cigarettes can be purchased at reasonable prices but only with western currencies It has swarms of blaclunarket ruble traders mostly teen-ageprobably niversary ' ' 1 l I Ni —Burt Gilrui since 1 ' - !—'- :'' ' d sheepskins Street cars clanked through Red Square Today Moscow has a fine subway system in which neat new functional stations contrast with the older chandelier-hun- g 1 ' 11it'l ' ' ' ' Young Aluscmites urge end to celebrations such as 1963 May Day '' rt ' 1-I: ti 1 ' 4 34' !:ik'1'A 1sl ! g v 1 17' A 'v': Z 5 :"'4 'I!: : ' 7- - La& - 'f ! Ai7 '' rS 4"' 44' i -- '' L 'd 'i: ! ! ' : ' ' the grim truth: in Stalin's last years the grain harvest averaged 10 per cent less than in Czarist Russia The census of farm animals in 1952 Stalin's last year was below that of 1916 the last complete year under Czar Nicholas IL Today with investment radically increased Soviet leaders cautiously hope the corner has been turned For the first time since before the revolution Soviet Russia in 1967 had a surplus of butter so large that serious questions of storage arose Meat and dairy products were available in the Fits in ample quantities tl ' 4' 4 k '':':: " 1 '" l'- : ): i - v- ' '' :' 1 ' ' 1 ' - ' t:1 ':' k' -' V1- -" ''' ' k 1 : :::i! ' ' : 's4 L- ‘' :A :A' Li a A N' 4 ) ' - 4' 1 4 "'- -" 1 ' T - r r''': 'I' -- s 4 I 1" 1 i '4 - 14 - IN 7 ' il fI ''' 1 ''''" f'?e ''' v 'ir' ': st ''" 9 's I :t4 :I''' tcO '1-A1-' 0 if 1 04 " i4 ' 4 ' I lk ' ' I '-?- r:-::- i ' i '': T SI : s''' 1 1 ''4 ' ' -- 0r workingman was receiving a week as a gift of the 50th year of the revolution The character of Soviet life was hiready changing No longer did Moscow retail stores stay open on Sunday (except for essential food and services) This had reversed the traditions in the capital city Instead of 2 to 3 million people pouring into the city on Sunday to shop In the great GUM department store on Red Square and the city's other retail outlets now hundreds of thousands of Muscovites poured outt of the city on Saturday to take advantage of the weekend The five-da- The slaughterof livestock turned the into wasteland Famine countryside swept the Ukraine and Lower Volga When the fever abated in 1934 the pool of Soviet animals had shrunk There were 15400000 horses instead of 32100000 million cattle compared with 3312 60100000 1112 million hogs instead of 22 million 32900000 sheep compared with 97300000 In 1953 Khrushchev revealed ' s 1 ' plsihed Left Wasteland ' " ' ' ' :" f I peasants for the first time wete being paid liberally to increase production In his opinion the basic tasks In industry and agriculture had been solved The next problem was to improve the lott of the industrial worker — the proletariat This was the class in whose name of course the revolution had been accom- violent campaign to collectivize Agri the use of culture in the years 1928-3- 0 terror expropriation exile and execution was a principal contributor to the problem Stalin drove the surviving peasants into collective farms But in the process he sent probably 10 million into exile in Siberia and Central Asia How many died starved or perished of deprivation no one has ever been able to estimate t ' ir ' - " i' I ' "We will still be a long way from you America turning out 8 or 9 million cars a year" one economist said "When I see that any ordinary worker in Italy or France has a car" said a writer just back from one of his frequent trips to western Europe "I wonder what we have been doing in the last 50 years Of course there has been progress But it's not fast enough" The Soviet Unions entry into the auto- mobile age is not going to be easy The Russian writer owns a car a Pobeda He has to keep it on the street all winter in temperatures of 30 below zero No garages are available None are provided in the new apartments or office buildings Most Moscow car owners drain their radiators every night in winter and fill them in the morning with boiling water to get started There are three gasoline stations in Moscow selling high-tegasoline Today there are perhaps 100000 private cars in Moscow What will happen when there are a million? But Moscow life is changing Galina Serebryakova Soviet author wife of the first Soviet ambassador to Condon sat in the dining room of the National Hotel and looked out at the cars steaming through Maneximaya Square She remembered the first time she had entered that dining room Then it served as a commissary for leading Bolshevik revolutionaries in the famine years of 1920-2There was no gleaming silver no snowy linen no fine china on the tables no buxom waitresses no jazz band blaring out the latest American numbers There was no heat no electricity nothing but tin plates tin spoons and a ration of thin gruel or stew Outside on the street were droshkies with their emaciated horses and their drivers bundled up in 7 1 t t ' : Production of refrigerators cannot keep up with demand generated by the Soviet housing program There are long queues at stores selling refrigerators waits for delivery and two new factories are going up each with a projected output of 500000 a year "Yes" mused Mikoyan "I think we have made great progress Formerly we were a backward nation Perhaps the shoes we turn out are still not up to quality But we have scientists and intelligentsia even in central Asia where the literacy rate was only seven per thousand at the time of the revolution" Mikoyan paused and looked out the window of his Kremlin office The bright sunlight washed the yellow painted walls of the inner courtyard It was a warm day and the windows were open A faint murmur could be heard from thousands of tourists and sightseers now roaming through the great Kremlin squares that Stalin had tightly guarded against public entry "I think" Mikoyan resumed "that the policy of our state deserves respect All those who intimately assess it cannot but find that we have achieved a high level of culture science and literacy We must take pride in our attainments" The visible symbols of those achievements were everywhere to be seen in the Moscow of 1967 — in the new freeway that circles the city in traffic tunnels and overpasses in glassbox skyscrapers marching though old picturesque quarters of the city in the tangle of automobile traffic that jams the ring boulevards and the narrow streets around the Kremlin In the 50th year of Bolshevik power the Soviet Union stands on the edge of the automobile age that the US entered 1920s With new production a r A t - I Can't Meet Demand 1 ' - 441 ' 7T kir "although everybody thought 50000 would be too many" He managed to get the refrigerators made by placing orders with defense plants and automobile factories — "our most advanced industries" But he could not sell them Now of course all this has changed the ' 1 ': I I - L-- st i4 t- erators In f lt - — 1 fl The onset of war made the argument academic But in 1949 Mikoyan got Stalin's agreement to turn out 150000 refrig- tot 1 ' 4 ' a 4 Russia's?'" ts eeilnany I believed In that" s the world revolution did not come In ti24 By 1967 It seemed so distant that lielvery phrase hardly passed Russian ' i 4 0 : t Mikoyan recalled how he went to the United States in 1936 and saw electric refrigerators being turned out by the hun dred thousand by General Electric Ile told the Politburo that the Soviet Union must produce refrigerators "I think my colleagues thought I was drunk" Mikoyan recalled 'Refrigerators' they said 'First you have to have something to put in them Besides who needs refrigerators in a cold climate like s I Tet even Mikoyan conceded that Jvents had not turned out precisely as 4xnected Lenin and his associates with iteyossible exception of Stalin saw their ksvOlution as merely the firs In a wave Via! would sweep Europe 9 'All we Bolsheviks thought until 1924 Lenin died) that the world would be victorious In Europe very if not today then tomorrow' Itilryan recalled "I even put down in illydiary: 'Soon the world revolution will ts tictorious' I had In view most of all I ' ''' Recalls GE Visit Not Fully Realized 1 i ' I "big ticket" items i '''tort 1 's 1 ' in t ' L ' ' great 1l 1 ir 4 rival Mikoyan ticked off the figures for 1967 production: textiles — 3300000 square 8100000 in 1967 televimeters in sion sets — 11900 in 1950 4900000 in 1967 washing machines — 300 in 1950 4200000 in 1967 refrigerators — 1200 in 1950 28u0000 in 1967 ("soon it will be five million" he interjected) Probably because so much of his career had been devoted to consumer goods production Mikoyan chose to measure Soviet economic achievement largely in terms of television sets refrigerators and other rr ' isot lieved It" The Soviet figure was within 20 per cent of United Suites production for 1967 The prospect seemed excellent that within five years the Soviet Union's production would move ahead of that of its par " ' ' a n of the revolution of the appearance of the:Communist Manifesto in 1818 never basiconflict so bitter so intractable dist dtrig Communist revolutionaries from Volcow to Peking from Havana to Litiol from India to the United States : li brilliant young Soviet economist 114es his head and sighs: I c You know perhaps Marx was right all!" 4itte did not mean that after 50 years tie Soviet Union was a monument to xism Quite the contrary Ile meant quite possibly Marx was right in be- revolution ng that the Communist in industri1:1 ult come first in the West alized Germany or England rather than ili dark vast peasant Russia : re meant that it might have been betlErthad Russia not attempted to leap 11' otlit semifeudalism into a totally organire4 state system Ile meant that perhaps Lenin was wrong when he so boldly 4ted on seizing 'total power on movtglstraight Into proletarian dictatorship ot many Russians articulated their i 4oi4its lo precisely Certainly Mikoyan 4n4 the Soviet leadership do not accept Oil assessment the 50th centenary in r on which the laiest Soviet production fig- ures had been typed out "If anyone had told me when the first was presented that we would produce in my lifetime — in 1967 to be specific — 102 million tons of steel" he said "I would not have be - '''' - '411 You can't go wrong on a slack like this Durable permanent pross these slacks keep their good looks all day long Never such a practical buy at such a low buy price —nz—z:-r7-:-7::r-::- & 4) r a -- L g c) eli tb- 14 I ) - t:- - :ii :— i - c 'T'S t - I ri ' avicomektmtpsp7ezyzlImazotvtretzvrrnzatvzstmogroNt-4527271!rancivatAIN- I ': - - rkirkgrf - - |