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' iair-- - - t4-- 1 i 4 - 'EV ' ' ::'''' ' :7-- 1 0 40 DEVIL GODS of the Aztecs drew the missionary's anger He believed Indians were descendants of Hebrews compared similarity of religious rites and festivities of the two :: : p J '1 c-74:"- 1 'cIN sv LI 0 A7 The earliest guide to travel in the New World has just been published300 years after it was written by a Spanish missionary r7-- t -- - I - ' FRANK THONE tours are definitely out for duration and sonic Even after travel again be- - I EUROPEAN '" 4 light-heart- 'I: 1 ' 4 :: ' 1 c: 1 one Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa came to the New World as a missionary of the Carmelite Order probably late in the 16th century All his active adult life he traveled observed asked questions made voluminous notes He spent most of his time in those two principal centers of Spanish colonization Peru and Mexico but he got around (at peril of his life often enough) into all sorts of other places And where he did not go himself he sought out all the information he could get from other missionaries traders soldiers civil administrators checking one against the other to make the closest approach to actual facts he could He was a veritable modem ks I 1 iI I 1 ' - i I 1 1 J I ' I i i ' I 4 ------ i 4 r- 1 ) I 1 polishing Actually some pages did get printed including the title: "Compendio y Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales" which translates as "Compendium and Description of the West In- dies" Then in 1630 Friar Espinosa died And his unfinished work disappeared became one of the great legendary lost books of the 'World --------- - s'-ro- I e''I f 1r ((I I i C 4 ' ) 't ''3-01 1 t (1 -' 017 fe -- - tt- 41 A° 4 01 41 t' ' - 4 ' - 4 414) !as( E m ' la i ' ' 111e - z Aet av - ) - 400 i Lj ciIti - 1 ' ' ' ': 1 : S116114:110321ek - er - - -- 41) i r - ')'4 )4 ' p)tti - - dio--- 11 4fir (45' - ' 1:f 4 1 t -- — i 1 i' VW ' ' "1"6-7- 0-' d ' 3 1) ' t 1 4 '''' t 0 4 ot'' - -- I- : - ::' :::::---- - - ' ' ' It fC ' - - ' t 101Ai"e ' - 4 t 6:C':--4141- t ' Ao 4- i '4 1 17rge- tk " Ed" " ' ''' dimuimw ' !lc- ' - - '''' e:'''b'-'''- ' ' - ' e V 4- - ' A '-- ' '‘ It v'--- e sc ' '"”e : ' '' : - 4:1 " : t 1 di : !10 - - ' - ''''rs oe7k"411 '4"" -4 ' ' - ''''74 L- - 11r - :: :e ''' - 74-- - 4 '' :' ' ' - : -' - t -- ' ' : ' -- - 3 ? 14 -- VANISHED RACES had already left strange monuments in Central America when Espinosa visited the country They are still there town SOME years ago Dr Charles Upson Clark an American scholar was making a systematic search in the Vatican Library for manuscripts bearing on early American history He had already turned up one great find a book on medicinal plants of Mexico written in Latin by a Spanish-educate- d Aztec Indian and illustrated with paintings by another Aztec This has already been published in English translation Near it on the shelves he found a big tome partly of printed pages partly still in manuscript crammed with facts and figures about the Spanish colonies in the New World It lacked a title page but some scientific sleuthing confirmed his first conjecture: here at last was the long-lo- st Espinosa! There followed the necessary though tedious process of translating annotating checking of place names and other critical spellings Friar Espinosa had crossed out some passages in an effort to shorten the bulky work but in the translation everything is inI--1 was then only 14 years old So if we find only a couple of chap- ters on the Spanish settlements around St Augustine and a little more on the frontier outpost at Santa Fe we need not be surprised Our whole country was mostly dark space on the map 300 years ago The picture he paints of Florida wouldn't do for a winter resort's prospectus nowadays True he commended the country especially for its climate: "The country is fertile level and wooded with some swamps Spanish fruit trees bear with great abundance as do also cereals garden truck and vegetables they grow excellent Quinces pomegranates pears and other kinds of fruit and marvelous melons" But be gives us the sense of constant tension under which the 300 Spaniards lived because of the proximity of the hostile English both on the mainland to the north and on the Bahamas to the east The Friar also includes in his story of Florida a review of the tragic expedition of De Soto which ended with the leader's burial in the Great River But even here he he had discovered included some agreeable light touches as of the expedition's encounter with "a handsome unmarried chiettainess who received the Spaniards peaceably and kindly" and let them help themselves to 500 pounds of river pearls out of her treasure chests! ' the northern frontier of nNwhich is our Southwest - the Mexico the ex- - efforts of the missionaries Friar Espinosa had a high opinion of the new country and especially of its Indian inhabitants Of tribe atter tribe he makes the same commendation: (EveryWeek Magazine and Scier Service—Printed in U S A) - 0 i - :"- 'it '' - LA - - - a 140(- remembered that when Friar Espinosa retired to Spain int 1522 the Pilgrims were just trying to recover from their terrible first winter at Plymouth Colony and the settlement at James- HUMPED CATTLE wooly and ugly aroused the friar's admiration This is the first known drawing of the American bison - - "$' ki '' C 43 L1- ' a5 - ' A no l'''- L I tip—- 4 - — - s' s' ' - ' t - - 1 ! I I rl i -- - they are "intelligent reasonable wear cotton clothing make garments out of antelope skint have turquoise necklaces" Indeed the good Friar thought well of almost all Indians and when there was trouble between them and the Spaniards he almost invariably blamed fir One South American tribe he recorded died out rather than live as slaves of the newcomers Many of them adopted the rather ghastly sounding method of suicide by bleeding themselves through the nose Of another big tribe that wiped out the forces of an overbearing but overconfident Spanish commander he wrote admiringly of the courage of their attack and of their intelligently planned tactics Only a few Indian groups came in for condemnation notably the Caribs for their cannibalistic practices He noted with great disapproval the human sacrifices Friar Espinosa had quite a number of solidly held opinions and did not hesitate to state them He was indighis v r 1 ''''":":14'79:-4::'1- ' r4 - ed 1 m '' - 1 f t I1 r - k IA vI ay Ty i :- - '''4' VC''' ' A ) 4- ' Wt" L'4' - - - ' '4V0 01:t - - - c cluded It makes a very thick book in English—nearly 800 pages of close-printtext But thick as it is every page has fascination for anyone who is interested in thepast of this America of ours Particuairly of course will we of North America be interested in what Friar Espinosa has to say about the parts of our own countiy that came within his ken There isn't a great deal as compared with the great bulk of the book - c ra119eqp IASIT) 4 ) pl r tpi - - OZN‘ j)1$) de- if ( dr --AA ' e-- I 1 (i - e--- - rV a Nil dk NE c- fp (( 4-- k 0 1 - stATS If' 1 '' t - 1-41r -- t : Herodotus At last growing old he went home to Spain to write up and publish his tremendous accumulation of information In 1628 he had his great pile of manuscript ready to send to the printer—or nearly ready for no author ever regarded his manuscript as beyond the need of any further final more 4 f' f 1 the most romantic in the whole history of man's efforts to tell his neighbors what he has seen The writer proved facilities for travel southward that are even now coming into being The new reading is likely to be "Se the Americas First" Already there are new guide-booand other travelers' aids and even more inclusive and detailed ones are in preparation It is questionable however whether any of them will give as full and complete a picture of the Americas of today as we can find of the New World of three centuries ago (when it really was new) in a book written in 1628 that had to wait until 1942 before its publication was Issued only a few weeks completed ago by the Smithsonian Institution it is already recognized by scholars as one of the best sources of information about early times in Spanish America —including our own Southwest and a good part of the area in and around Florida If it is a mine of information it is a lost mine that was rediscovered For all during the intervening centuries scholars have known that it existed— or had once existed A few fragmentary quotations a few allusions to its author formed the tantalizing scanty picture for more than 300 years Now we have it back again in full English translation and well distributed so that it is not likely toget lost any ' !" ic - : ira 4 rivt7novvmwmomr4"A fnelp5vmmt - : '7-- - i:-- ed be much in order provided we think of America in broader terms than just the United States alone It is very probable that we shall what with the emphasis we are now placing on good relations with our neighbors to the south plus the im- I - - 27"-12- r it will most likely have fewer attractions than it used to Too many ruins now that not even moonlight and nightingales could make glamorous Village life will have lost most of its color and picturesqueness peasant folk will have to get food and replacew the burned thatch and take a few years to forget the terror of theGrestapo before Euagain rope can become So the old slogan "See America rrHE story of this earliest of all First" is in for a revival Which will American travel books is one of ) ''' trans-Atlant- r Imq 7 Alkcs 7477 By-D- walls of Morro Castle in Havana liar bor and the numbers of clergy and officials (including their salaries) in every important town he visited to detailed descriptions of mining and smelting methods was at his best however in H Escriptions of the animal and plant de- fellow-countrym- en nant that the Spanish government after letting Coronado outfit his expedition largely at his own expense and accepting the great gains it brought them in newilands neglected him as he died in poverty and did nothing for the two daughters who survived him He was equally indignant over the unjustified execution of Balboa and when the town in Panama where he was killed subsequently died out Friar Espinosa felt that it served them right He didn't like the name "America" at all feeling that It was robbing Christopher Columbus of his due He would have called the new continent Colonist from Colon the nanish form of the discoverer's name had some nEseem rather other opinions that quaint to us nowadays but at least he supported them with the accepted beliefs of his time Accepting the doctrine that the earth is round he offered two lines of evidence—both erroneous He pointed to the curved path of the sun in the sky and to the circular shape of the horizon Like many persons of much later date he held the Indians to he descendants of the Hebrews and their religious and burial practices to be corruptions of the ancient Hebrew - life of the lands he visited A practical-minded man as well as a scholar he paid most attention to edible or otherwise useful species: he dismissed the tree sloth with a sentence or two but Went into some detail of that large and ugly lizard the iguana because its roasted flesh tasted "like chicken or rabbit" He gave what is probably the first description of the medicinal use of quinine by the Indians though he missed its application to malaria noting it only as a retrredy for colds He mentioned also the Indians' use of coca leaves as a pick-u- p to overcome fatigue—a foreshadowing perhaps of habits of other and later Americans Probably the animal description that will appeal most to Americans is that of the American bison This was first seen by the men of Coronado's expedition that penetrated into the Great Plains as far as Kansas and later became a familiar enough sight to Spaniards in Mexico Friar Espinosa wrote of "woolly humpbacked cattle with two short horns twisted backward they move over the prairies grazing in herds and are the sole sustenance of the savages They are very ugly and wild the wool on their chest in front Is long and curly they make excellent rugsi! There are a thousand other things In the "Compendio y Descripcion" that could hold us for hours Better though if we try to see on our travels as completely and thoroughly as good old Friar Espinosa saw on his journeys long ago aV' However when he had a chance to see for himself Friar Espinosa wasn't so easily fooled His accurately recorded facts range all the way from an itemized list of every cannon on the b ' tt k 1 '- - 4iN s'r----c-- L N p04 t' :1Xt'fr - 1 -- ---- -b ac----1- - - '“ 'Ikt- V-IL 7- i s- ' ': -- - -' ' - i "- 4maistzai N 1- f- - ' 1 ' ' ‘g - i'l'A3A t 'v P - e r At kat --- - - i e- - 4-4- 41‘ - - 41 - i - ::' ‘e TOBACCO plants are fully described in Espinooa's long lost writbags F A mm o o r"''' ' ' ''''" '' '''- - - - 1 411 - 41 "ILA ' ' ''') ' ' ' ' ' c: : c ': f ' '' " ' - 4000 -- -- - - - - - eo -- -' tv- - 1 - C - -- - - - -- -- -- u AroFtII!----a la!" 4 - f- " ' !- t7- - e "7' 1') tso‘ 'i 1p 1 1 1 41V ' - k - 1 ix--1If - - t IY4F?': --ji ) :)L-- kf ' ways Volcanoes and earthquakes which of course were familiar experiences to him came in for long descriptions and Volcanoes he efforts at explanation thought were literal chimneys of Hell which he believed was at the center of the earth they were fueled he said by inexhaustible supplies of sulfur Earthquakes he traced to explosive gases imprisoned in the earth and believed that the relative lack of earthquakes in Spain was due to the f |