Show Sunday Morning Tr be 5alt gakc Zribtlte Atigtost 3 1911 - 1 be expected even without livestock I use as the required amount and kind of seed is not now being proIf it is later dueed on the land found that the soil requires more i grass for its protection a amond seeding may be made in the alternate ' rows farmer chooses the most seed opportune time to plant Ms seedso the grazing service picks its ' ing time The fall of the year has proved to be best Winter settles the ground around the seed which Is planted by band drills power drawn method grain drills or some otherstarts its In the spring the grass makes Utah nature when growth ' green The first summer is the hardest on the plants as the seedlings are ' still small when the dry hot months of June July and August must be passed The present extra amount of rainfall has shortened this summer season and produced such strong young plants that there Is little ques'z tion that they will pass the MI tehr as us Amthe are as long-live- d egrasses in a lawn a longtime advantage is brought about when the seedlings take hold Seed- ing restores areas where once there was 'grass On the drier ranges where grass was rare or absent grass Is planted after certain work ' in the soil has'been done to concen- This trate the limited moisture -process provides sufficient ground f : moisture to maintain the grasses: Furrows made by plow or grader Where the blade are advantageous ground is naturally flat a very lim- -'- I ' fled amount of this work Is suffi1 dent to Justify planting In preparation for the fall planti ing of this year the Utah region now has on hand 100000 pounds of gathered and purchased seed The Rue chased seed happens to be less-epensive Where grass is planted to produce seed and the seed harvested 1' by mechanical means the cost is leis than to gather seed from the range i There are a number of kinds l of grasses which are not yet grown commercially for seed As the pro- ' gram develops and proves itself anew cash crop develops for the farmI x 4 : 1 A6 I te Mb ogw S I' 1 - As--th- i? e 1 rs" T rrAll is being "anchored" by cone ) serva tion The anchor doesn't require 'trate gic metals Just plain persevering grass is doing the trick It's part of a double-barrelproject by which the grazing service United States department of the in tenor seeksiwo objectives: to pre0 vent erosion and dust storms and to protect and increase the state's supply of forage More range forage means more cattle and' sheep better protection of the soil and a more prosperous state The pictutes nn this page tell part of the story of new and successful grass Ins' as the grating service works to111sink that "anchor" ever deeper a to mak Utah's soil and moisture—serve in increasing degree thepresent snd coming generations of its people Misuse and ssbuse or very unfit vorable- natural conditions lead to dissipation of the range cover Grass the leading influenee'that binds the toil and holds it in 'place is lost Ungoverned loss of soil through the action of wind and water follow Reseeding and the growing of grass reverse the cycle‘ Vegetatior clothes the land more moisture sinks into the earth the flow of 'water is retarded imd wind loses its chance to hurl great quantities of soil into 1 ' 1 ed - - ! T - ' ' r the air Many said that such reseeding timid not be done It did appear difficult to introduce grass The intermountain country is conspicti- -' ous for its sagebrush and other brush lands rather than for uaislands et lower elevations The distribution of rainfall within the calendar year is the explanation of this predomi nanc of brush The deep-rootSivas maintain themselves through the dry summers of the lower ranges they flourish in the spring and keep growing during the summer after the surface soil gets dry When thefall rains come they renew their vigor Grasses are not deep-rootand bave a struggle to maintain thernielves through the hot summei It is not hoped or required to 1 I ' 1 ! - I I ' ! ' 4 N43'-- " ' - --" - t N - - e' z el) "0101 : ! '0! - 'A etIta ago 4 !" tz t1' !! I e & 1 ' - Ara ' -- c'""9 0116741hs i r -- -- 00 I ! P 100111011o tliallisoAla f AI 'IL ::460011:11 ' 7 I 1 : 0611 lbN II -- : ii ed i - - - '' ed ' 1 - -- produce lawn-lik- e growths of grass The land is suitable to the planting of less than one-fifas much seed as similar irrigated lands If the in- dividual plants produce only a fifth as much as irrigated grass plants the situation is satisfactory The greatness of the area will makeproduction big and protection im- - NtOteSte14"4 I wind ' - : - from-livestoc- ! - 0 Sc'-- l‘ 4) d I 0 i ' il 'i work oil snie ' v 1 d sow SPA Utah r o it Ile A portant Livestock management follows the pattern set by grazing wild life which is uphill and down with the seasons Herds go to the mountains In the summer and to the deserts or cultivated lands in the winter The intermediate or foothill lands take care of livestock in the spring and fall and they have a double burden They are grazed in the spring when growth is young and liable to dam age This use is necessary as the farmlands and meadows need relief as crops and meadows start their summer's growth These foothill lands are used again in the fall The fall use in the past' has been lorg as 'stockmen did not use i their crops- - till snow required that the 'stock be brought in and many winter ranges were not prepared for use Amtit show furnished water for ' otherwise dry areas do well on browse fairly Livesjock The ranges but the soil suffers grazing animals make heavy use of ' the trait and weeds that occur in A i browse range as they try tq round i out their diet This leave the sur:1 face between the bushes exposed to ' w1n3 and Water erolion and snakes the area less useful to livestock Eventually the situation takes en 2 - '111111 end "refer !I top do their el e s t ructiewl th I 4 NV " - - ' biro de r would prevent such destruct ien el e Drills plass' grass ssod right en if bertes fist hi Sevier desert Ts m ake a 1 II '' q clk ' i V See gefeel swell Shoop i gross i at: right will !be among steak In benefited- - Air the projects trosk'eetebinoi with great creased Sr - rtor so pplios provided through small dams tech as the ens how below oriff not only permit more cettle to le mired fer but will help iotti the stefiregeinst dolt storms end rpsloo tip shoos leastien el m 'Heeding artiss - 1' 10 - re oe a N 'f v I : ' - 4" V!: 4g 44411114600 ! - - ilw - proportions as wind and water get in their destructtve work Erosion is a tremendous forts ' ' working everywhere-antaking ape dal advantage of any maladjustment to become a widespread destructive In the range country a influence road or stock trail becomes a path for running water A gully develops and may be followed by a series of arroyos As the gullies drain away the surface moisture vegetation dies and bare spots develop Wind and water then have a free rein to blow and wash The answer is as 'butt dant a stand of mixed vegetation as the rainfall of each area will Where nature has bad certain difficultles Iry maintaining uass there support re also Obstacles in the artificial Utah's lower ranges are extrernely Importaneto the welfare of the state production of grass Early success An Rich p ounty has encouraged Only 3 per cent of the state of Utah is irrigated and cultivated and apwider usa'i of grass seeding to Im prove ranges In that area an acci- f pfroximately an equal area is The range then must prodental burn called for action Success in producing a good stand of duce enough' forage' to maintain a livestock industilt which is one of grass has shown the requirements of Local the state's three most important sites and planting methods and Introduced range plants have Livestock also form the means by Which- the bulk- of the agricultural been tried experimentally ever a ' number of years Results of the trials crop of the state is marketed be' Cause of distances from markets' Indicate the difficulties involved are limited moisture 'Chief The rough crops such as hay alfalfrom rodents and damage fa and straw must be locally condamage: to new growth by grazing animals sumed and marketed through more 1:101 first 'difficulty precipitation is valuable mild products The problem of making Utah's Overcomcte some extent by planting t lower ranges more protective and 4rasses Which flourish in the spring cusa thoi fallen Utah in desert has ranges when large productive tomarily have a maxlmtim of moisdegree to the grazing service which has the' management of twenty-si- x ture and temporarily emerge from i desert catigories which is This spring motand a half million acres-anand a little more than half of the area sJure is used by late summer ' :fall seed planting of the state The problems of soil 3 Destruotive animals must be and Moisture conservation' range bulk of them are seed ' and' better grazing practices are ' attacked by the grazing service from succulent enjoy-thalso eaters and new growth which comes with a number of angles The best possible use is sought for the range areas as revegetation The grazing animals for which the plantings are made they now exist a system of range mist also be kept off the new growth improvements is being installed by which the greatest possible return it becomes firmly established from the present forage may be Preliminary work which 1s also obtained and the present range for:based Ominany years of experimentation bii:various state and governage is being augmented by seeding of good range plants The C C C began a few years Jnental'agencies ago when the seasons were so dry Camps in the state have seeded 100- 000 acres of rangeland They gather that many of the trial seedings were ieed plant it and aid in the necesdeclared :to be failures It has since !oeen found that nature Is patient and sary steps to assist growth and much of:Jhe seed waited for more it protect ' ' - Lill d ge 0' II ' - - is mes which to grow Good seasons bays come and the :grown even when :planted' sted-ha- s doubtful areas were - tried In the program of planting program poll protection has been greatly helped by a respite from a long perind of HMS ralni The plan of theNtah region of the grating service is to choose the best areas for its earlier 'reseedings and I proceed slowly from the areas of greatest possibilities to the areas where seeding will require other pre paratory operations such as plowing and contouring of the land In the broad expanses of OW state there is mo lack of opportunity to choose Seed grounds Ths flats seem to need lint action of to :f in is releedinu The goal troduce just that amount of perene nisi gran that may be added to the :present growth of shrubs that both The combination of "nay flourish :shallow rooted grass and deep rooted brush gives a maximum protection to the soil 'Where too much sage!brush occupies the ground some of It may be removed by some me- :chanical process The debris from this removal furnishes shelter in which the new grass plants may es--0 tablish themselves It it not planned to seed all the !ground The result in forage pro- duction does not justify the expense nature The seeding program is Approximately program helping ball the area is seeded lin alternate rows with the hope that In the course of years the grass willseed itself In the other half of the area With out planting' this process could not '1 - o — 4 -- i con-'iron- ed : : - i ayora r as-rth- ' : ! 4 ' 1 f f p - li h ad 1 dry-farm- ed ' i !! t' 'i r' ' - i ' 11 de - i 1 :Of EfsgKIf '''1 ' t 'ens of the states Thr native value in Improvethstrains may be grown i i by ordinary cultivation practices A t 'new acid adequate seed SqUITetWill result and will: add s soil :conserv sting crot of value fdr Utah farmert Reseeding in grazing districts has i been limited till now to the areas within reach of C C C camps Ada 4 lion of soil and moisture conserva- ‘ tion funds this year will 'allo‘si the i work to be extended by locally hired I crews who will use equipmeliV de- methods per- 4 - signed and planting i lected by the civilian conservstion f' corps work i Grass planting is not limited to iMore :and governmental agencies more ranchers are introducing useful tense plants on their private range i lands They are not trying merely to restore the former situation on lands but to introduce s their-ronwhich supply the needed plants ' forage If a new plant will furnish i green feed two weeks earlier In the spring it means- that the winter Is shortened by that period and that animals have just that much longer-perio- d to put on weight and quality ' ' i growth la toward blazed The trail being forage production for Utah's greaterwide-spret most industry and the more grass that the lower ranges' ! produce the less will be the Inert i ace from erosion—thus Utah's desert lands are going to be safer and more productive through an anchor of '' grafi! t ii -- state-wi- jj v I ‘S)eo It t - itA gpti 61p ' '- 40 '4 f the Irets Ire it the loot d i of the hills fOrows ere mei ' te catch fliCiwatet as pis- fund le the 'oval At bottom I a irwtit f erested wheat Iralabauf se A ' ' 1 |