Show SUNDAY DECEMBER 17 1039 11 nr W ss£ j gx&iri 1 Canada — 449058000 bu Exports 45 per cent sn t U png 7jr i ©MS: eprr V 4V - J JsVain—— 1773 11 ti y'' 11 j y-- u V a"' xfc II ?' MV T 1 1 Imports ( 6 OOP1 ( ci3 :-j£- ': M-Vlif i wjfcyi'ir 'U 7 L)luV'M A kicrsir a Tr convoy Upping from here- ”7 tyilLAmicX OCEAN U Wheat S A 739445000 bu Exports 12 per cent 3T s' Major British Lines of Empire Production figures are for 1939 in most instances export percentages for 1938 Import figures are most recent available including latter part of 1938 and first months of Production 1939 Figures for Russia India and China are rough estimates for Germany and Italy the best available in America I'WpjN tJ nil Equator - S’ mm C73 Producing Areas " " - v’JP ( H awfe' Italy— 265000000 bu Imports — 14000000 bu A 'OCEAN a? M if 31 fJ A 4 j4 D xl! j jtl A iy1 India— 370“610000 bu f Argentina — 230000000 bu fAWit Exports 35 per cent This map shows the main wheat growing areas of the world the figures for the jor wheat producing nations with their export percentages the Danube basin countries Germany while importing a smaller percentage of her to- and Russia Britain’s position is the tal consumption is far from A bumper crop this most dangerous for the Brit- - secure But she still is ish Isles are by far the world’s year helps greatest importer of wheat If dependent on neighbors France grows enough for and submarine Germany’s her own needs Russia has an comassault succeeds plane im- pletely against British ship- - export surplus Italy must is of the One and that lines of empire Germany ping the British government port arrange imports from will be forced into submission reasons she stays out of war ARMIES and civilian populamust have bread war or no war Wheat is a war factor for stoppage of supplies may starve a bel- ligerent into surrender The British Empire must keep wheat supplies moving g over its many and FS w ft tv Mi ma-vit- al Also shown (by broken lines) are the supply routes Britain must defend Production fig ures are for 1939 (except for far-flun- Bumper Crop Helps Germany but Future Hungary about 4000000 bushels of wheat The Reich is currently expected to take as high as 60 per cent of all Hungarian wheat this year estimated at more than 12000000 bushels If Germany can come even close to 1 Supply Uncertain Britain World’s Biggest Importer in Dangerous Spot a timely expert analysis of the problem that plagues all armies maintaining the bread supply The author head of the Political Science Department of Cleveland College writes this study of the World wheat picture after return from extensive Jour of Europe Just before the war s By Prof Thomas before the war I passed through of Hungary wheatlands flat great Romania by motor coach Peasant armies were bray with scythe sickle and binding twine garnering the grain and Almost the sheaves everywhere slacking throughout this granary of southeastern Europe JUST German Ger-mu- —— 1 Here Russia and China Italy many are rough estimates) trade delegates jind agricultural ex- perts were extremely active “Harvest time is armistice time so long as the peasants are in the fields "And alter that — who knows?” This prophetic statement was made to me during my journey by one of the leading grain merrhants in the Balkans The answer has now been supplied As winter b gins to slow down the war in Europe before it is scarcely begun a new power shows its hand 1 his is the same wheat I saw bring garnered Dictator Vt heal I Hie world wheal supply was the greatest in Who history with coniniriirrinrrit ol the war controls these supplies is something else again Will Hungarian and Romanian wheat help Germany forestall the British blockade? What do bumper crop mean to fmamially powrrlul England and frame? Where do Russia and Italy fit into the puluie? I liese are some ol the questions Di tutor Wheat is raising tlirse days ill the r hunt rllenes N rpolcon i famous and economic ministries on its stomach still travils that an army du turn What's niorf soldiers in the new war holds J B Wcnncr are demanding to be better fed than in the last great war And just who is going to feed these soldiers? W'ho if anyone has a corner on the vorld wheat supply? Germany Must Import F approximately 430000000 acres of wheat fields that cover the earth's surface Germany has 5037000 acres On this acreage last year the Reich produced nearly 182000-00- 0 bushels of wheat expected this year to harvest approximately 200000000 bushels a total inadequate to feed Germany’s 80000000 population In peacetime Germany must count on importing upward of 40000000 bushels of wheat annually larger amounts to acquire surplices in anticipation of war fn 1938 39 the Reich including Ausliin isWxpected to import a minimum of 30000000 Last year the Reich uppoited about bushels 24000000 bushels from the Argentine India United Stales Canada and Australia — all sent Most of the to her over vulnerable sea routrs reminder about 10 000000 bushels she imported from Romania and Hungary It's little wonder then Germany notes the What Geimuny bunqier ‘yield in the Balkans ol wants and needs it a higher peri Romania's wheat than she imported last year approximately 7000000 bushels and a con aider uhly larger amount than she got from this Reich economists figure the Nazis will not be vitally dependent on wheat transported ovc’ ordinary sea routes How vital the Balkan wheat is to Germany is illustrated by the pressure the Reich is saic to Fte bringing on Hungary to concentrate mor or) wheat production at the sacrifice of cerlair bafcic Hungarian industries The Nazis may thjnk twice before aggression against the Balkans )At the same time the government is stressing at home the Reich has faced war crises before and weathered them that ersatz synthetic production will take up the gap that leson learned in the last war stand the Reich in good stead to face a protracted struggle Bumper Crops Help Allies TlUT what der fuehrer and his advisers must realize is that a bumper world wheat crop mud also reinforce the war economy of Britain and Trance provided England’s masliry of the seas can be maintained England is the greatest wheat importing na tmn in the world (170000000 bushels a year) To ’land has slightly under 2000 000 acres of vshealland under cultivation comp tree! with Germany’s 5000000 So Britain's si a lanes are vital to her wheat supply E ngland imports at least 50000000 bu hits annually from Australia about the same fiom Canada 26000 000 bushels Irorn the United Be 5lates to feed its 45000000 population sides Britain depinds on the Aigeiilme boviel Union India Romania Bulgaria and for approximately 40000000 bushilv of wire it a year Net uripoits of wheat lor the United Kingdom including flour are expected to exceed 6000000 tons for 19 38 39 So long as Britain's navy can keep ilm cargo coming in the allies will hold Block 6 and ynU have a m vv an advantage factor in the long sc ale war cuh ul ilnuis Trance of the hclhpeirnls faces the least possibility of vital wheat shortage in a prolonged war ugo-blav- the t Balkans granaries the remainder over the trade routes controlled by the British or along the routes dominated by Romania and Turkey — bitterest enemy of Italy ip the Balkans Italy’s shortage of essential war materials dependence oh Balkan bread sources and her extreme vulnerability to blockade in the Mediterranean neither strengthen Mussolini’s economy at home nor further his military ambitions French peasants normally put in about 12 acres of wheat land getting a good 500000 yield from the fertile soil northern Tunisia) annually Africa (Algeria In addition Morocco from and France gets about 9000000 bushels The production at home is about 276000000 bushels Latest official estimates place Trance’s wheat 0 production for this year at slightly under France bushels Whereas in 1937-3had net imports of wheat including flour of more than 450000 tons this year her net exports are expected to exceed imports by 300-00000- Italy will have to import between 300000 and 430000 tons of wheat and flour supply to maintain her large standing army and to feed her civilian population and build up dependable surpluses Her net wheat and flour imports for 1938-3are expected to reach the latter figure tons Chief problem in France is getting labor to In peacetime France lures farmers harvest from neighboring countries to make up her labor shortage — usually more than 500000 hands at harvest time In wartime a heavy burden falls on the peasant women young and the aged The Position of Italy TVHAT of Italy in the woild ' 9 Russia Is Small Exporter wheat picture? were Italian wheat harvests Although disappointing this tall RECORD CARRYOVER AND BIG CROP MAKE PRESENT WORLD WHEAT SUPPLY AN 0 Bul-gm- ALL-TIM- E a the Soviet Union one of the largest grain producing countries the U S S R to dite is one of the smaller major wheat exporting areas in the world Last year Russia exported only 36000000 bushels to all countiies Compared with leadCanada Australia wheat areas exporting ing Russia s basin Danube and the Argentina LTHOUGH 4 is V -- five per cul under cent more wheat land has I put have will the more no in tivation Italy country wheat than last year Strong winds and heavy rams in the early Wlirn I ‘pung are blamed for this shortage was in Europe Budapest newspapers printed dispatches from Rome staling Mussolini had mule a personal lour of the wheat aiea by air plane to get first hand estimate s I stirnates of Italy's internal production rrnge from 265000000 to 294000000 Imshc's of wheat although the lower figuie is piobablz It ily does not have northniore nerrly coned ern Afncan granaries to chaw on like T ranee Italy however has aj pi ox in a te carryovers in 19 39 as of Aug I ol 40000000 bdr is compared to 92000000 for I ranee So Italy is depench lit on other countries Anticipated impoils horn other nations include 100 000 bushels from Canids about 4 000-00budicls from llungiry Romania and 2 30000 bushels horn the zNigiritine 500 000 hushrls from the United bl ites and 3650000 bushels hum Austiahu Nearly hill of lli’se imports roust come fiom somewhat Mediterranean in the 8 60000 st contribution was relatively insignificant Now the Soviets with bumper crops promise to deliver this wmlrr to Germany alone at least 33000000 budiels of wheat Considering the inadequacy of Soviet railroads the fact that Bnlish merchantmen will be lying in wail at I Sea ports for German freighters to take ic the ’sea and the possibility of British cruisers the tiaflic altogether Germany S slopping chance of receiving this bulk of Soviet wheat lor cereals and oil exports is profile malic al shipped to Gei many the Union has recently announced it will expect payment in gold W heat exports fiom the U S S R are rxpciteil to nuiei'e 19 39 it can be said there w he it surplus id all m 1940 over woild economic sense no nppieciable Russian slightly Biot in a major is dor Wheit heroines a major fu lor z it a)n ns now there is an adewired siqiplv (or the belligerents in view quate But long stale of uiiiiicchde prospects may be something rntnely chllereiit de pending on the (oitiines of w cr So Du I ill the w ir HIGH jiros-I'ce- ( ) |