Show af f 'xr r y u — “ it Si h! Salt £akc £ribunt Ubc Sunday Morning December 3 Both Parlies Place Peace First in Platform Plans Poll Shows Reasons Public Give for Entering W orld W ar If the man in the street could make his voice heard in Washington what issues would he present for solution? In the followthe Gallup poll reports what ing exclusive article the direitor of consider the most important of American voters a problems before the United States for 1110 cross-sectio- By Institute of Public Opinion PRINCETON N J Dec 2— Ever since the World war Amencan wTiters and scholars have been discussing the reasons why the United States entered it With a new war across the water and with millions of Americans concerned over the possibility of America becoming involved the question is being considered all over again — in Washington in editorial discussion and in public opinion n Iv Dr George Gallup Director American Institute ’ of Public Opinion ' Trend of Public Opinion on fMost N J Dec 2— As the two gieat political parties PRINCETON take up the discussion of election platfomts for 1940 a nation-wid- e survey by the Amencan Institute of Public Opinion indicates that there aie two issues which town above all others in the public’s mind today— the pioblem of keeping America out of war and the problem of giving jobs to the jobless There will be many other knotty questions laid on the dooistep of congress next month and thcic will be dozens of other problems Important Problem9 Before 19117 Unemployment 1 Unemployment Keeping out of 2 Economy in Cov- - 2 Keeping out of War War Unemployment ornmont Keeping out of 3 3 War IJ S May 39 I reflected in the party platforms when written but at the present time it can be said that these two issues stand out far above all the rest in urgency with the man in the street To see just what national ptoblems are now engaging the average American on the eve of the 1940 picsidontial campaign the Inn of the adult populastitute asked a caiefully selected tion in every state' “What do you think is the most impoitant problem befoie the American people today7'’ The Institute offered no lists of suggestions There was no place on the questionnaire to diaw an easy “X” maik Thousands of min and women in all walks of life took time to phiasc their own thoughts Although more thhn 60 specific pioblems wue referred to the problems of peace and increased employment together accounted of all opinions The ten problems receiving for nearly three-fourtthe greatest mention with the percentage naming them are as follows: 2 Butinasi Social Security I War Recov- - 2 Unemployment 3 Butinen Recov nr ery 44 of Keeping ou 6 7 8 9 10 Keeping out of war Solving unemployment Recovery for business Adjustment of labor problems Threats to democratic institutions Adequate relief Balancing the budget Farm aid Old age pensions Spiritual needs All others V ' cross-sectio- 47 " 24 6 i1 3 3 3 Lew: I x j ? fe h? ' war-tim- ? - for four vears American volets have listed “keeping out of war” among the most important problems facing the country in nation-Since the outbreak of war in Europe however this if Ylstlu te surveys problem has superseded all other problems in urgency with the problem of unemployment second the latest study shows Above the trend of opinion on the question 2 1 1 1 Public Housing’s Amazing Growth Results in Of Nation’s Urban Homes Now Being Built by Municipalities 9 One-Fourt- The Amencan desire to keep out of war is no new manifestation In surveys conducted on the same question in the past four years the Amencan Institute has consistently found a large gioup of voters naming it the No 1 problem in U S life But the question has beEditor’s note: Following Is the come increasingly urgent to the public since the actual outbreak sixth in a series of artieles on of “the second wot Id war" In 1935 "keeping out of war" was problems and trends in governranked as the third most vital issue in 1937 it was second and by ment writteq by James L Sund-quiformer member of The May of this year it was tied with “unemployment” for fust place Tribune editorial staff and now a graduate student of the school Today with both Democrats and Republicans giving it fust position “keeping out of war” easily overshadows evety other single of citizenship of Syracuse university question in public opinion and politics James L Sundquist By Survey Gives Preview of 1940 Election Campaign If the family of Mr John Doe Four yeats ago this month a similar Institute suivey provided a Intends to move into a new home striking preview of the 1936 election campaign which was then now under construction in an American the chances arc getting under way The principal issues in the public’s mmd tnc about one uty in four that the city and were showed in goveconomy greater unemployment survey itself will be his landlord In various forms these two issues became the rallying ernment The startling information that cries of the Democrats and Republicans respectively in the en- public housing authorities are now of the nation’s building suing campaign urban homes is contained in staToday’s survey probably gives another advance glimpse of tistics of building permits compiled the coming campaign posing Issues which few candidates will from 2000 cities by the federal dechoose to avoid partment of labor They show that Interestingly enough there is marked agreement among Republicans and Democrats as to what the most during August permits weio granted for 30 9 dwelling units urgent national ivsues are although the two parties will undoubtof which 7960 or 25 per cent we're edly offer differing paths to their solutions The views of Demoin public housing piojcels built be crats and Republicans in the survey are: nuinie ipalilies under the United Slate's Housing authority progtim Dunng the months of Ma June and Julv the municipal pi ejects accounted for about 20 per cent of new urban residential units h Bv the end of the year gram ground will have been broken for 75000 dwelling units to house over two per rent of the nation’s population By spring 4000 families will be moving from substandard houses into public-owne- d dwellings every month oped five maps Citv Manager Gui-- ? tion welfare and juvenile deliq-to- n Morgan wrote in the magazine quency would alone pav for One map Municipalities showed the location of 500 sub- - Based on Income standard houses The other four Under the U S H A plan cities showed the residences of criminals are rehousing low income families Under the old P W A proand juvenile delinquents known to only the new piolects sometimes gram East and South Lead comthe police the locations of attracted middle income groups Eastern and southern cities have municable diseases and of houses but the U S H A law requires that Each no family be admitted whose inwithout sewer connections taken the lead in slum elimination with the midwest and the far west was prepared independently of the come exceeds five times the amount of the rent except that lagging behind Of the 11 western others comfive were when the “But chilstates three— Utah Wyoming and families with thiee or more Nevada — still have no enabling pleted and put together" wrote dren may earn six times the rental beThus even In the New York legislation so that their cities may Mr Morgan "the correlation proceed The major projects now tween the low incomes bad houses Queensbridge project no family of underway in the west include one crime and disease was startling more than $100 monthly income to accommodate 225 families in The pins in the maps bunched up could rent a two and a Butte Mont and larger ones in in exactly the same areas in all apartment and even on the six Los Angeles and San Francisco instances proving conclusively that and a half-roo"suites” the inAuthorities have been set up also all of these undesirable conditions come limit is $116 50 a month In existed together ” in Gieat Falls Helena and Billings other cities the rents and hence Mont Denver and Pueblo Colo limits ate lower the income Cost Calculated Phoenix Ariz Charleston S C has announced Albuquerque Cincinnati supplemented its sur- its average monthly rental for N M Oakland and Sacramento Cal and Clackamas county Ore vey with a dollars and cents cal- white families as $12 26 with inIt found that in each come maximums of $61 30 and Only six of the nation s 60 largest culation cities still lack the legal p'owet to block of a designated slum aiea it $73 56 The figuies for Augusta enter the public housing field One spent $2700 more annually in ser- Ga are $10 33 $5175 and $62 10 of them is Salt Lake Cite Besides vices than It received in taxes W'lth rents this low the projects Utah Wyoming and Nevada only Costs of hospitals clinics police can still be for sevseven slates have no enabling legprotection and jails in that region eral leasons The loans to the islation but only thiee of them — were higher and taxes were largely authoiities from the U S II A are Recent Development Minno-otIowa and Oklahoma — delinquent amoitized over 60 yeais the interAtlantic’ City N J sinulaily est rates This plunge by local gov eminent have cities as large as Salt Lake lange around 3 per tent discovered that it was spending the federal into an impoitant new fu Id of ac- City government grants a one in blighted But slums aie not confined to $153372 annually tivity has been accomplished in lent subsidy equal to from 3 to 4 from all income from which less than two years since congiess laige cities A recent per cent the municipality grants analysis area tax exemption and the construcriealed the US II A Before that shows that 17 pci cent nf the total taxes and water rents totaled time municipal housing scaicely projects then nppioved were in tion and opeintion aie kept on a The Toledo Ohio housing au- nonpiofit basis with economy In existed and the only communities undet 25 000 populahome's of any considerable 0 thority reports the same financial building and efficiency in managetion 24 pel cent in the number weie in the "demonstraclass of cities and only 42 per situation in retrospect Befoie the ment the primary aims tion’ projects of the federal gov- cent in communities over 100000 Bland Whitlock homes were built Mr Sundqmst’s next article the city was spending $13811 anernment No Adverse Rulings Little wonder then that the nually on the slum aiea where the will trace the growth of the city cost manager form of government The West inpid expansion of housing activity Virginia supreme project now stands Now the court several weeks ago became of all services to the project is which at the start of 1940 will be is described in the 1939 Municipal In effect in 480 municipalities 18 The annual saving of $2065 Yeaibook as “the principal signif- the fourteenth to uphold constitu-tionnlit0 realized in the budgets for of which are cities of over icant trend’ in city government of the program Not one A total vof 135 cities have now population state ttibunal has lulod adversely health fire police garbage collec- enteied info loan contracts with and hv now most of the legal the fedeial government for puollc giounds on which opponents hoped ‘Sil-Dow- n’ Almost twice to invalidate public housing have housing projects that many have set up housing been exhausted authorities empowered to particiWhv have cities constructed About 300 houses for low income families’ pate m the piogiam projects aie unilci contract in the Usually the decision followed a 135 communities e and mote than detailed survev of hous100 are under const ruction Some of the studies 1 ing facilities from D) (('Mitlmiftl But how long the present stale1‘iotects In New Yoik City and like that of Austin went fuitliei mate ran last nobody can snv i ml Buff do Jacksonville Fla and sought the facts on not only soon as am other German with all ask What are we fighting Austin It" is t itbrr have he n the location o( slums but also then the exception of Hitlers hench- since for and how long shall we be deml SOI or he will this tall Is eftec opened opined von Ribbentrnp men foehbels prived of our normal life7 9 he Austin as the fust undt r the USI1A io- investigates devel- - etc - is in offic e Uhc mood of the people Is win TyThe people of Europe me ing statesmen mote than would a before the war has nctuallv deloat in the field Such defeats started In none of the helhgeiont make individuals fighting mad and ountries-an- d still los in the neu-ti- determined to carry on until the countiics whlih are all bitter end But inaction Is dangerthere ous because it permits the fightthic atoned with war-c- an he toused any enthusiasm such as ing men to Think things over and has been stilled In all ptevious lealie the debacle which is wais The mood of the people in them all The following lists show the “most impoitant pi obli'nis” all these countries is becoming These are the reasons why while m the m nds nt Am ucan volet on the eve of the l‘i3ti pu si'I he habitual there is no official talk or hint of uglier every day de inwl campaign and today on the eve of the 1910 campaign wav of living has ceased Even the peace behind the scenes responsias shown m na’ion-wil- c the an Ament Institute of suivcys by piofiteeis ate disgruntled because ble statesmen of every nation ate Public Opinion' thev know they are onlv making tiving to discover the way out of paper profits The nien in the this grim impasse TODAY 1 trendies and behind the foitifi-- c Solving unemployment 1 Keeping out of war atoms ate bored 2 I conomy in government 2 Solving uneniploy ment Those who weie released soon 3 Keeping out of war Help after the geneial mobilization have 3 Recovery for business 4 Reducing taxes lost find and can that 4 5 Preservation hope they Adliistmeut of of the con(Current no longer continue (heir old stitution problems of means Their G I producPHILADELPHIA UPFoitv- to democratic 5 Threats iidng the depression tion have been taken awav from nine former patients of tie chest 7 less government rontiol institutions them the war lestiutions make disc ises depailment of Jeffeison of business 6 Adequate relief oidmarv industrv impossible Noi-m- liospit il Imve foimed a "iralu-ale- s 8 of new the Repudiation 7 Balancing (he budget inule with foreign inunuies is club" deal ill list a a v limited The people ate All have reioveied fiom tuber-9 Townsend 8 I arm aid plan iiIosih and t to v planm d to 10 Adliistmeut doing wlut thev me being mil m d 9 Old age of pensions for the Inm b mg 6ei mse on i ivf pal a nts and Imd 10 needs problems Spiritual t lie be i no i gi m long ai 'ii id uoik for them w lorn liny arc laws Would g I tin m otheiwise ui cd st sev-Tex- one-fourt- h half-roo- a Senator Roheit A Taft and other Republican lcadets have al ready declaied that the gieatest issue of the 1940 campaign will b keeping America out of wai The Republican paity says Sena or Taft is the “peace paitv" In the days ahead it is likely that the Democrats will challenge the G O P ’s light to the title Full details of how Institute surveys are conducted have been published In a booklet entitled “The New Science of Public Opinion Measurement” a copy of which will be sent to anyone addressing the American Institute of Public Opinion Princeton N J sr ' today’s suru Little Mention Third Term as Most Important De pile the pt i u eupation of political leaden with the qim'ion of Roosevelt’s mtentions only a vciy few voters named the third teim issue Some Republican voteis indicated that tluv had the thud term question at linat paitiully in mind whin tiny mentioned "tin eats to demon atic institutions" hut in a much laigii number of cases the comments showed that this issue refeued to the increasing trend towud dictatonhip thiougiiout tjie wot Id "It should be icmcmbeud howeveijlhit the voteis in the picsont suivey mentioned only what seemed to tin m the single most uigenl Pre-ide- pioblem Another pioblem that iceeived conipaiatively little attention is the lung unbalanced fedeial budget Four ycais ago when the nil was chaiged with the cleitiieity of the 193b campaign government conomy and budget bilanung langed high on the list of vital Like other ssues m present-duAmenea these questions have not lost then intei est for laige gioups of voteis but they have been supeisedcd in uigenev Among voteis m the lower gioup (earning less than $2(1 a wren and including the gieat hulk of unemployed) "unrmplov ment ' is named far oftener than bv the nunc well to do Ivon at the bottom of the income ladder however the prohli m of keeping Amenta at' peace ranks fnst The vote by income levels is v 1 2 3 Upper Keeping out of war l97o Solving unemployment 16 Recovery for 6 business All others 20 Mid die Lower $11-74- 6 d 25000-50-00- War Frightens Europe Leaders Impasse in citv-wid- of 0 month-to-mont- Need Would Jump Exports last year averaged about 450 (K)0 barrels a day compared with an estimated national de- mand of 33X10000 barrels daily Authorities estimate that the 1939 export will be close to 550 000 barrels daily Thc government experts view these figures in the light of dcs mands in case the United States should be drawn into a war Army and navy officials have estimated that in wartime their demands should jump from about 10000 000 barrels annually to about barrels 100-00- de-c- - publicly-constructe- $17-07- v It is mint ‘'sing to note however that although the number who think Ametica will be diawn into the Fuiopcan war us steadily i easing 46 per cent of those intei viewed in a icccnt Institute study still thought the United States would become involved Thus is one reason obviously why the concern for pi ate is as strong as it is in Jl "f itself Although hundreds of investiga- tors have put forth explanations of America's action in 1917 it has never been possible to say what the general public thinks was responsible or what by inference the public considers the chief danof U S involvement again gers By Donald A Young To find out the prevailing pubof WASHINGTON America s Dpc 2 (Pi— lic explanations War abroad has set government course m 1917 the American Institute of Public Opinion has comto thinking officials seriously study of men pleted a nation-wid- e about this nation's oil supplies and women in all sections of the These questions are being asked: country and in all walks of life n Voters in a representative 1 Should the United States curhave been asked: "Why do tail production stop exports and you think we entered the last start a new search for waste in war7” No lists of “causes" or sugproduction as insurance against gestions were offered Unlike some writers on the subany emergency? only a small number of anject 2 With Increasing expansion of swers lay the blame on individuals the army and navy how long can or Individual events estimated reserves cover normal Despite the attention given to the sinking of the Lusitania only peace-tim- e requirements7 three persons in a hundred on the 3 Can the oil states and the peout that catastroleum Industry be depended upon average as single cause of the principal trophe to continue normal activities in America's entry dee case of a Sudden Despite the discussion of Presimand for the valuable fuel? dent Wilson’s role only one person in a hundred traces our entry diSeek Answers to his actions The war navy and Interior de- rectly And despite the books which partments as well as congressionhave analyzed the influence of the are searching for “merchants al committees of death" one in the answers The Industry’s ge- a hundred specifies the only makers of ologists and engineers are work- war munitions ing independently along the same On the contrary the outstandline fact about the composite pubIn case of war the uncertain- ing lic view is the multitude of causes of become ties would paramount arid tendencies which are held reimportance or partly responsible The best estimates in the gov- sponsible for America s 1917 decision Inernment and out of it are that stead of a single “road to war” known oil reserves will last from the composite view suggests many 12 to 15 years converging paths tending to run All expei ts qualify their predicin the same direction tions by saying they are based Three Main Types of Answers A sharp upon present consumption Three principal types of answers decline in domestic uses would cause their figures to be revised were made to the question howupward But an unexpected de- ever: (1) that America was the mand would lop several years victim of propaganda and selfish Interests (2) that the United from current guesses States recognized a just and unDown Output Kept selfish responsibility to the rest The experts call attention to the of the world and (3) that we enfact too that discovery of new tered the war primarily for our fields— the end apparently is own national safety— either from nqt yet in sight— would change the immediate attack or from eventual dangers if Germany had won picture completely The percentages of replies unBlack gold has been flowing from the states at about the rate der each of these categories are as which the bureau of mines esti- follows: h mates is necessary to meet 1 America was the victim demand Valves are beof propaganda and selfing turned just enough to keep the ish interests S4r 2 America had a just and price the motorist pays relatively stable unselfish cause 28 Two of the governments chief 3 America entered the war raised oil the have spokesmen on for its ow n safety 18 question of whether the export of Other reasons 8 -crude oil from the United States No opinion or undecided 14 — he should sizeable already stopped or at least reduced lOOG European War Spotlights US Oil Trade Today cross-sectio- 1 2 3 4 5 1939 1 v Important Problems’ Now and Four Years Ago ’Most c EvTuhomilars l’alienb labor ouu-pulio- c labor ltd c t I The largest single group it Is interesting to note show distinct disillusionment and skepticism at this time about the reasons for America's entry Under the heading of those who believe the country was a victim of selfish desires come those who blame Industrial- ists bankers qr "pt ofiteers" (a to tal of 10 per cent) and those blaming foreign propaganda and Belgian "atrocity" stories (total of 8 per cent) Other causes frequentunder this heading ly mentioned are “the urge to stimulate business by a war boom" the desire to save American investments in Europe" ”and the “ambitions of politicians Question of Authority there rises In all discussions once again the question of the relative authority of the fedeial and state governments in oil production and control President Roosevelt nnd Secretary Ickes have asked congiess to consider permitting the Interior NEW BRITAIN Conn Dee 2 department to deteimme whether (4’i Allhough Miss Bessie Wilson an individual oil operator for insenior at stance or a group of them was nf Plainville the Slate Teachers college has producing wastefullv according to never driven an automobile she government standards If sui h waste were found cor- - Is the only gut eniolled in a civll- training course sponsored rectlve measures would have lo he lfln the federal government at the applied at once under pain of sby hool severe penalties "We never bad a iar and so that Oil states have answered never learned to drive” she exthey were doing a good job of plained "hut I don t think it so regulation odd to be the only gill taking the course even under the ciicum-sta- Auto Ignored For Airplane 1 Minister Senes Both Law Lord 2 Dec Conn PLAINVILLE -- The Rev Lincoln K Frye rector of the Church of Our ShvIoi servos the law and the Lord As acting ihiof nf police and a member nf the police commission he Is streamllnflig the dipaitment In this town of Houo population As an f pisi opal rector he Is bunging the chuicli nnd (he judiciary together In an eftoit to juvenile' delinquency Those in (binge of the police se( up felt that the addition of a ibi-Ml n to the pot omul would give the d' p il too nt h H at C r amt dig at the ' ime t mo liomnu in nil any chiimi for politic s i r ( ping in (16 v es "I eniolled in the couise because I have nlwnys liked aviation and planes and believe I enn learn to ’’ he a good pilot The tall attractive girl whose father is a fm lory mechanic nspues to he a transport pilot Air Haiti Wanlen Refuses Full Ray TONDON (UP) — on Refusing giounds to accept full wages a paid A R P warden Ins returned his weekly (heck of c onm a nl ions 511 to Die e mint v i nunc il He st ut i d Did lie ( ould tie i pi pav onlv ein the basis of a eommoii siildo i nt luo shillings (about 4i cent ) a day ': Vi iZog icgi-- s |