| Show - ' D -- sktir LAKE TRmuNT SUNDAY MORNING DECEMBER - 19 1937 Farmers Give Verdicts on Crop Control In Nationa 1 Survey as Congress Debates Farmers Tell Institute What They Consider 'Fair Price' for Crops By Institute of Public Opinion PEW YORK Dec 18—Nearly every agricultural expert agrees that the crux of the farm problem is the question of price Low prices are the biggest cause of farm discontent and price 'stabilizing Or price raising the object of nearly every government agricultural program Give the farmer a fair 13 rice say the experts and he will be happy But what is a fair price? Secretary Wallace has a schedule of what he considers fair Farm leaders and experts have their prices for farm products ideas too Not all of them agree So the American Institute of 'Ptiblic Opinion has gone directly to the farmer asking in a nation-Wid- e survey: "What do YOU consider a fair price?" Since price stabilizing is one of the main aims of the farm legislation now being debatectin congress the views of the farmer are vital And from his 'ideas as expressed in the Institute survey it is p6ssible to construct an index of farm discontent by sections and by crops The survey found that so far as price is concerned the most discontented among the major crop growers are the cotton farmers They think on the average that the price of cotton on the farm should be approximately 75ver cent higher tharilt is nowCotton is currently bringing the farmer an average of about 8c a pound His idea of a fair price would therefore be about 14c a pound The farmers most satisfied with the present prices are the hog raisers and the tobacco growers Wheat farmers want only a relatively small increase in price—about 20 per cent Corn farmers think corn should bring about 75c a bushel on the farm as corn- pared to about 50c at present Comparison with "Parity Price" The following table shows what the department of agriculture thinks would be a fair price for the leading agricultural products and what the farmers growing those crops believe fair The department's figure is the "parity" price As defined bythe department- - the—parity price is "the price foie commodity which will give it a purchasing power with respect to articles farmers buy equivalent to the purchasing power of the com- THE The Farmer Speaks n 1::::7777:: i ' 7:::::::'::1!::::17'::::7:-:::-:':i pi- :: ::: ::i::::1 :::::::::: :::: :4 ::: :::::::::':'! :'':'': ''''''''-'- ' ":"'- i::: :::!::: :5::: 0:::::::i::::::: ''''::':::""'"': '': :: " :"- ' ‘:::::::::::-::-:::- ::::::"v :::::: '': s::-:- :?::::::':: :'' :::: ?::: ::::::: ::::::A::':::::::: ' : ::::::i::::1''::::':-:A!- ) ::::':::3: ':::N''4 sN' usi"': :!: ::' !:::::i:!::::i!::-- :':E!: ::: ::'::7:::: ":"ii!::::'i::-::- i!:-:::: ' :'":i: :::t 4:! :::::":: J : ::!::::::iia:::M:?::'i:':::i:ri:::!::':i'1::i:i:W::i: :!:::::: :::::::: :e::ii::::: :: :::::::::::::::":::if :':i:':k:::::::::i::':::-V- :: )i $ m:?i:::::::::i::::::::5!:-::::::::::"-::::::::::i'::-- ::::: !i:i:T$i:::?::!::::i::: ' :::::: ' :5::-::- u::::-- : ALi::4::::: 1 ::: :!::::::':'::::::::: ::!':::::::::-:::::::::r:::::?::i:Jo-::::::?:::- :: :: :: :1 :::i:::::':::if:'::!:::::!1!::::::-- :::::'::::::::::i::::::4'::ii:::::4 : Rank and File Approve Soil Conservation Act Balk at 'Regulation' By DR GEORGE GALLUP Director American Institute of Public Opinion i :': ''' NEW YORK Dec 18—The American Institute of Public Opini:e'' 't::::'1:!::::''":''!'''t::''':'!:'1:':':"::"j'':''':-':-:41'!-'I t'1:::: ion's arms of field reporters have just completed a nation-wid- e 1': " survey of farm sentiment which indicates that the farmers are Opts r ::X' posed to regulation of crop surpluses unless the regulating is placed in their own hands by means of special referenda t e 4 There are significant differences of farm opinion on the great agricultural issues of the day A farmer's views depend the survey found on the section in which he lives on the political trai 3 i 1 44 2 i "-A and beliefs of that section and on the type of crop he raises ditions ' " But when the survey results are analyzed in terms of geographical sections the following conclusions appear: 1 A majority of farmers in all sections approve of the federal ao government's present soil conservation program Sentiment differs in various sections but the vote of approval is everywhere greater than 8 to 4 2 Less than i d of the farmers polled were familiar with A or bad an opinion about the "ever normal granary" plan by which the government hors to stabilize farm prices Those who did know about the plan were overwhelmingly for it Corn farmers were 0 ' ' found to be more familiar with it than others a: 1 3 The core of the farm controversy in congress concerns the of compulsion that is whether farmers should be forced question 1909-1- 4 in 01'w the modity" period to obey marketing regulations On this point the survey revealed 4 :i!' ) The figures for each crop in the table represent a combiAed price '''? that except in the south farmers shy away ffrom "regulation" if for all types of that product: For example the wheat figure is a ' such regulation means arbitrary dictation from above by a govcombination of No 2 red No 1 dark etc as calculated by the deernment agency To a survey question on regulation by the govof partment agriculture i i ' ernment the farmers voted "no" 60 per cent "yes" 40 per cent s on all not the price the farm Finally figures represent price But if the regulating is put into the hands of the farmers themIn Chicago or Minneapolis or any other marketing exchange The farm bill 1 't selves the indicationsa are that they will go along "Pair Price" Demands Seen fortnight ago contains a referendum provipassed by the house It can be seen from the table that in general the farmers' idea sion It stipulates that marketing quotas for any crop may be set of a fair price is lower than the department's parity price of the farmers growing that crop approve t up only after two-thirAnd as compared to level indications are the that price in an official poll except in cotton it would not take a revolutionary rise in prices But the question arises should N I '' to satisfy the farmer In fact many agricultural experts would Next Week ii ”4 the quota be binding on the one- call the farmer's idea of ti fair price modest indeed ' N third who voted against it? Not all farmers of course would be satisfied with the price Public Votes on the Ten The problem was put to farmers in level desired by the average Among corn farmers particu:::':'-- 3'1-- ' Most Interesting News J follows: as ref the institute survey i larly the survey found wide differences of opinion Events of 1937 Many :' of the farmers ''''s i iIA: 'w 7 If wanted the price to be more than double All the figures listed producing any one crop agree to 1 under the column "Farmers' Idea of Fair Price" represent avhave marketing quotas set by the erages only department of agriculture should gram for cotton the corn-ho- g reCorn farmers and cotton growers—the two groups who desire : 1 ':1 d x be compelled the other N ' r- -' measures the highest percentage increase in prices—have watched the price other scheme and duction ' :::::14 f it$::k4R to stay within these quotas? of their products take wide swings in the last few years Cotton of the A A A were voted on by -1' 40'::N::: la the farm vote by sec- farmers before they went into efsells now for about 5c a pound below last year The decline acFollowing -c tiona: counts for the anxiety of South Carolina's Senator Smith to get a fect Similar referenda are now bei 40 -' 'ii- :: Make Quotas Binding on All? ing held under the soil conservation farm bill before congress last month Farmers in: 6 Corn farmers have seen the price of corn vary from 10c a bushel A program Yes No ms Another prime issue in the farm In 1932 to more than $1 a bushel on the farm in August 1937 A 4 Cent Per 17 few weeks later the price sank to 40c As the survey shows the controversy is how a farmer shall 1174-- ' :' 81 19 New States t England be punished if he exceeds his quota corn grower's idea of a fair price is about half way between 40c '! 1" 69 21 The house bill provides for penalty Middle Atlantic States and $L 4 4 :: -k Vt """': I lt 51 49 taxes at the rate of 2 cents a pound ik East Central States : ' 0 Al Copyright 1937 by American Institute of Public Opinion- -48 52 on cotton applicable to both buyer West Central States 4i s 'I All rights reserved k' ' L 4 75 25 and seller 50 per cent of the parity Southern States Actual aver Wallace's idea Termer' idea at fair price 63 37 el lair price —‘ age pries on Mountain States Rocky price in the case of wheat 15 cents on on farm 1 farm the the the farm 50 50 a bushel on corn Pacific Coast States 50 per cent of 41 (Nov 15) (Parity price) (AlP0 gurney) Here is the vote by principal the market price in the case of to-- I i Wheat per bushel $ 82 $100 $117 ''''t crops: bacco and half a cent a pound on t: ":94 r'da 75 Corn per bushel 85 48 ''':':::!:i '''' 44A'44 -r Make Quotas Binding on All? rice ' ' ek9"1 i i4 '" i""-to40 '14 Cotton per pound 08 16 Yes No Farm sentiment on penalty taxes ' 1301maltyle Per Cent Is mixed Of the three great farm 825 953 825 Hogs per cwt 78 22 areas—south An American Institute field reporter (right) interviewing a corn farmer Cotton Farmers east central and west 24 24 Tobacco per pound 48 central—the survey found two sec52 Corn Farmers Not reported 52 48 tions in favor of Wheat Farmers penalty taxes and 52 48 one opposed Hog Farmers 83 17 Tobacco Farmers The question: 64 38 Others If a farmer goes over his quota Where Most Live should he merely hae-thgovernFArin inhabitants are concen- - ment loan or payment or should -PeDatixesELIVAL:tax? trated in three keograpilical cias roughly 50 Lose Tax per cent of the farm population 11 Loans Penalty the east ceutral and west central Per Cent sections popularly known as the 54 46 middle west have 30 per cent com- NeW England States " 54 46 bined These three areas comprising Middle Atlantic States ' 56 44 more than 80 per cent of the total East Central States 45 NEW YORK Dec 18—Fifty yearst 55 In this section are Ohio Illinois farm population are therefore the West Central States By Institute of Public Opinion 41 59 most important In any considera- Southern States NEW YORK Dec 18 —Secre- - t Indiana and Michiginago one farmer in every four in the 65 35 Rocky Mountain States W2yacaswasnunder fire tion of the farm issue United States waa a tenant farmer of Agriculture Henry A Wal- - Secretarytary 50 50 tilt In those sections as the figures Pacific Coast States during the years s lace receives a vote of confidence A A A When conservative critics in table 1 show sentiment renting his land from an absentee Tabulation by principal crops regard owner Today two farmers in every in theInstitute survey of farmers deplored as uneconomic and ungod- ing marketing quotas varies elidely shows that wheat cotton and tofive are tenants bacco farmers favor penalty taxes ::- which found that nearly 7 out of ly the killing of livestock and the Whereas farmers in the middle west while has is a off Which historian better Many deplored corn farmers are opposed by today are almost evenly divided in their plowing under of crops 10 the think 4s the man Who lives On the the evils of farm tenancy: how the evpry When two of the worst drouth views those in the south are decislight majority 'careless land practices of tenants who lives farm or the man Iowan has dote a good job at his years in recent history came in 1934 sively in favor of compelling all In the city? leads to soil depletion and poverty and 1936 criticism of the depart- growers to abide by quotas A simi- Sessions Aid post The results Indicate that even to the undermining of a whole His qualifications and achieve- ment'3 artificially-create- d Minneapolis is reflected in the vote scarcity" lar picture inan civilization ments are in fact one of the few grew bitter Believing that MINNEAPOLIS (UP) — More perhaps the city man needs By the time the su- by crops:- Cotton andtobacco growconfirm class more consideration from dependentJand-owning things farmers agree about Divid- preme court threw out the A A A in ers are more partial to government than $2000000 in new business was is the backbone of society coned on the principles of farm legisgress than the farmer January 1936 a majority of Amer- quotas than are corn and wheat brought to Minneapolis by 213 conBankheathe of city lation and program a decisive ma- icans including many fanners were farmers gress this year passed ventions during the Nearly period "act d-Jones which farm tenant dwellers in the survey said raisers in all sections are ending September 30 a report of jority in all sections nevertheless already opposed to the measure as Crop 7 loans for to tenants provides easy the man who lives on the unite in praising the secretary of shown by an Institute poll reported familiar' With the referendum prin- the Civic and Commerce associar: the purchase of their land farm is better off Farmers The city was the day before the court decision ciple because it was used by the tion has revealed agriculture to How many tenants would like on the other hand are satisThe question put to farmers was: Yet despite this opposition Sec- lold A A A The "plow under" pro host to 81924 convention delegates vottake advantage of these loans and fied with their own lot "Do you think Henry Wallace has retary Wallace has apparently done a good job as secretary of maintained his prestige with farmbuy their farms? ing by more than two to one The American Institute's farm in favor of farm life as comThe fact that nearly 7 out ers agriculture?" n of survey covereda "Yes" said 69 per cent of all farm- of every 10 say he has done a good pared to city life tenant farmers in all sections and The residents of small ets job indicates that his popularity found that the demand for loans environment whose towns "No" Said Si per cent cuts somewhat across party lines far outstrips anything the govern combines Cotton and tobacco growers most with many Republicans aspects of both joining merit can do for tenants in the next farm and city are overwhelmof whom live in the Democrats in voting for him ( few years south are the most in favor of the ingly of the opinion that the More than 7 out of every 10 tenI farmer is better off than the secretary as might be expected But ant farmers indicated a claire to his popularity is also high with the city dweller A Wallace borrow money for land purchase Henry secretary of agriculture has wheat and corn farmers who up -1- done a goob job at his post in the opinion of nearly 7 out Of The question asked of tenants :5111 took office were I --- every—IlLiarmerspolledbytheAmericaa-Instituteof normally Republicans 'Would you be interested in buy- ant can move on and rent another Here is the vote by principal 41: Opinion ing a farm irthe government loaned farm crops: The percentage of farm tenancy you the money at 3 per cent interest Has Wallace Done tt I 1) ANs and gave you 40 years to repay is highest in the southern states 'a Good Job? 44) the loan? There the problem is made more No Ves p 74 cent said 'Yea In acute the n system JACKSON Mich per by Pct Pet one used common sense and courMT LOCKE OBSERVATORY °NO" said 26 per cent the Institute's survey southern ten Tobacco farmers 119 11 police shook their heads in bewilde- tesy there would be as mans acThe money available for the 3 per ants are the most anxious to own Cotton farmers Otto Davis Texas (UP)--- Dr Fort rment as they corrected papers writ- cidents? A Yes SO tzr44 20 loans under the Bankheacent ten during a drivers' evening their farms Eighty per cent of Wheat farmers director ot 'the- Mt 29 Struve joint Q What is speeding? A Cover- d-Jones )41)4 for is the this act deslic $10000000 those indicated school The reason? 8S 32 polled Corn farmers These an- ing around too fast tOrtii Locke observatory in the Davis 1937-3- 8 $25000000 for the fol- as compared to approximately 75 Other farmers awers: 3 37 iokt1141 year Name-thr- ee where a Q places — — mountains and the Yerkes observaQ What is doubts parking? driver should not park A Alleys lowing year and $5000000 for each per cent in the middle west 4 1:1rv 41z 4t111114 A Danger 81 tory of the University of Chicago 89 ALL FARMERS Where should a driver park year thereafter -- -- As Secretary Wallace has pointed The tabulation by geographical diScovered that the midnight sky Q What is 11 i1401'0ti driving? in reference to a cross walk A No 1)(1 1(134)14 quol out this is a pitifully small sum Will Plant Trees A Bad business sections also shows a fairly uni- is lighted up with infra-re- d rays 1ry)13 Q Whenshould a driver sound The rate of increase ?it in farm ten- 4 1114 GiMiilillili form of indorsement' Q Do you think that it every - his horn? A Yes trouble The stars the dim that the 0)1(0- personal only FRANCISCO —San SAN (UP) i ikr:' s 33463 farms is ancy ' approximately see the can't human is the that secretary eye pkvr to become decided 3 Z111-- lit4 o'if T6 Er tlni aTitfill't a year A' Secretary Wallace esti- Francisco has of the three' main :agricultural infra-re- d ':5'V'i14''A ' mates that $4000 would suffice to the United State? "City of Trees" areu souththe of installed at the camera new —the A ) country As al'i'?i!ti best means of decorating 0 supply each of these tenants with the the for the ern east central and west central observatory here was responsible d 1 4t it t Spschathe city the land buildings and equipment : more sections account has camera i which expositictoi for The for the discovery International and 'Al economihim li to make I s "necessary thin 80 per cent of the farm popu- a spherical mirror and a thin lens of commerce has lati 13111Ard k "AV 1 : I I(014- 0111i cally independent" At that rate achamber aimed tO lation—his popularity is hignest In of ultra violet glass campaign an annual would — take It I appropria'' 84 votes cent the south and which this T C used I Dr per i Elvey I VOlS ABLETS tion of $133860000 justireo take care turn every bare spot in the city for Wallace 18 per cent against instrument for t111 photographing the ws t 41 for Aciditomach Agony hi to Gastric Hypengidity of the yearly increase lit tenancy into a grove and to line the streets Next r' sc- --c - '' secinfra-re- d central west 'comes the 4irs:t' with plates sensitive trees Rua suit Instseettons Dot ana Bookies asotta Aelaatomata lireiblea sky with feels farm expert every - ?MAPr and inflamed Stesesseekka Scowled Nearly i 4 cent tion of 63 farmers where between intermediate to radiation it s per to soothe inflamed latad SWIMS the need of a broad harm tenant i'Air k a lity lilting A think he has done' a good job to 37 the reddest visible rays and the IA membranes stomach to :I t and quell hil:Machwaithp:Ins : To Soviet pains Work Plane soil of sake for the Gnawing Speeds It‘i- - s per cent who say he has not This heat Dr Struve said ''We to quiet "tint' With sues protection programas well as the benefit ofproU What a pkturel Paid ow Orslitti sotection MOSCOW (UP—Soviet Russia li section includes Iowa the secre- found rays" And how unnecessary thanks to VON'S 14 :: to our surprise that the night Mature eagerly starts Mt healing pro ' The his rents TABLET& PrNK farmer who This preincription at ''?'Is tom Eight diva usually and you know ciety 4 expected to begin mass production tary's home state Kansas Nebras- sky is constantly luminous in Infra- 4 tilill 011") J once coat irritated and rano alq101')10 to this all and anxious to gee) land is make money of 7: si happening d galls Limit of ono d only bomb- ka Missouri Wisconsin North Da- red light so that if our eyes were g rummer Not on anis at Dreg Ittorea to -more often than not plants ers it a huge plant near Moscow kota and South Dakota and is CALL AT OUR OFFICE OR MAIL THIS AD AND Next to these radiations they $100 TO 'only a cash crop The land sul- - within Lyear The machines ere the tut central section where the sensitive ewkhoweav would see the sky as a luminous Iractlis' illitg!DANaPIPIALALINCISCt tree‘NClan° irntal'ethea - it:f!re from liFk of troll rotation I being made Ott ewl"'""---under license 57 is front cant the tent 'vote in16allace's which the stars would' I per lourRoo upon 1When the soil is depleted the 'favor to 43 - per cent agnitust himappearjelatively pale" corporation I ::' a i4:--- 4 ''A:"--- :' t4 : - a ' a k ' - -- 1 I - i one-thir- ' a ' ' ' a 4 so-call- '' I two-thir- ' - G :filip''!!::i::!:::3-'4:'01- 4e-:- 0 one-thir- V 's- ''- 1 ' w i! '‘"' s - 40- -- si r 34 ' ' Receives Vote of Confidence ' -- rf 4(7 - '" V-ts- Y 5t i 1 C- i it Majority Say Wallace Does 'Good Job' PiñF OiGof - - - ' to ot Popular necretary F o u With 69 P C of Farmers Of Most Tenant Farmers i t I1 9 1 City Dwellers 41 Envy Farm Life - -- tWo-thir- i th t t cross-sectio- - Heavens Found To Glow With Invisible Rays Drivers 'Flunk Fundamentals one-cro- (UP)-4ackso- ulp : ' - I — 40311 0 o1171 - - c -- one-ar- m ' 4 fat - 0 ' 1 ES ' REATIAEKTO iiIIK r n:G'Ichthetdee tree-planti- r:r : ' 1 I 1 111 19 B -- $ t i !o - 0 - tingle-engine- high-spee- -- - ' 1 -- S ' - - - r |
