OCR Text |
Show WESTERN THE thousands who FARM AND GARDEN. INFORMATION TOPICS OF Anthrax, That AND GENERAL Common ing Cattle and of Inoculation cumventing Anthrax, This Depariment will be devoted strictly to the interests and development of West- Stock Culture, tributions from persons pursuits are solicited. HAVE AN engaged and con- in those ON Gypsum Disorder Affect- Sheep—Pasteur’s Scores a Victory System in Cir- This Virulent a disease Disease. more or less com- mon, has of’ late’ proven exceedingly virulent among the sheep of Australia, where al! sorts of preventives and remedies have been resorted to with little or no success. ICE HOUSE. One of the unanswerable ques- tions that must arise about this time in the minds of observing people is why are there so few private ice-houses to be seen. A greater comfort, proportionate with the cost of construction, cannot be conceived than that of a plenteous store of ice in the sultry season. Every farm household that makes the slightest pretentions to the enjoyment of any domestic comforts whatsoever, that are not among the essentials of living should have an ice-house. Such a structure can be built so very cheaply and its returns are inestimable. A correspondent of the Farmer's World speaking of this subject says, that any man can have an ice-house for $10 and if he has not such a convenience he is not wise. All that is needed 1s a pen raed of poles chinkec MICROSCOPIC VIEWS OF SHEEP’S BLOOD. But now come tidings of the value of protective inoculation, as tested recently in New South Wales. According to a report of said tests and various investi- gations in Mark -Lane Express, the evidence is conclusive that anthrax is due to a specific germ poison, and that it is propagated by animals grazing over infected pastures. In a word, it is bacillus roof must be wate: proof. A mass the Farm. In many sections of the country gypsum is extensively used in agriculture in its ground condition, when it is called land plaster, and its best application isas a top*dressing on meadows and pastures, and it is especially beneficial on clover. Its value for any purpose will depend on the percentage of foreign admixture it may contain in its crude state, as it is seldom found entirely pure. Pure plaster is composed of lime 83 per cent., sulphuric acid 46 and water 21 per cent. Gypsum exists in large quantities in Nova Scotia, whence it is extensively exported; alsoin New York and other states. Its action asa fertilizer is not perfectly understood, but seems to consist more in its attracting and concentrating ammonia from the atmosphere for the use of plants than in any special manuria! value of itsown. As prepared for use land plaster is quoted variously in different sections of the country, ranging from $1 per barrel to $5 and up- ward per ton. Fure gypsum, when calcined or heated so that the water is expelled, becomes the plaster of Paris used In the arts. The Poultryman’s understood. The terms ual character of its own, ‘‘strain.” The term a young hen, is not is known as pullet, designating applicable after a bird is one year old. for a cock or cockerel. Rooster is a term and it will*beja scant supply for an average family. Make the pen|- tirely open, the roof projecting far: enough to keep out the rain. Cut adoorway in the north end and nail boards against the ends of the po es, to hold them in place. The doorway is closed as the ice is put in by boards laid against the ends maaan tnt of the poles. This ice house {will be horribly, hideously ugly in comparison with your wife, butit costs little and will keep ice just as well asia house or ornate as a young ‘lawyer’s first oratorical efforts. Another plan is to erect a build- ing with double walls filled in with sawdust, but this is more expensive The space between the walls should be about 8 inches. . Arrange the floor so as to provide drainage, a good way being to slopeit to the centre and supply it with a drainage the snow this is done directly after each storm, there will be but little danger. But in many sections other precautions must of necessity One of be resorted to. the surest safeguards against mice in young orchards, says The American Cultivator, are strips of tin or sheet iron rolled in the form of tubes, having tacks will make a tube of sufficient length and with an inch and a half augur bore a hole about four or five inches in one end, then saw the piece off an inch or two above the point reached by the Place a quantity of corn meal in which arsenic has been mixed in the open end, then, tack a strip of shingle wide enough to cover about one-half the orifice across the open end to prevent the contents from running out. Prepare a sufficient number of these to protect the orchard, and place them among the trees, elevating thesolid end a little, so that the A green Christmas, a white Easter. A wind on Christmas bring much fruit. day, trees FERMENTATION Effectual OF CIDER. Way of Cleansing are also give Cider a victory. Space will not admit of Pasteur’s system being described in detail; suffice it to say that it consists of inoculation with two different cultivations of the anthrax bacillus. These cultivations are of increasing strength, the last con- many different ways of pre ferring complete immunity. The tubes in which this virus is sent out from Pas- teur’s Parisian institute, the syringe employed and the method of performing the inoculation are figured 3, of the second cut. in Nos. 1, 2, The outbreaks of this disorder, in Aus- tralia asin this country, clearly teach that it is constantly reproduced by animals grazing over land on which diseased animals have deposited excreta or have themselves perished and rotted. In England, it has been found that by judicious measures in destroying the carcasses of those dying of the disease it may be finally stamped out. Cost of Keeping a Horse. The cost of keeping a horse by the most of persons is mere guess work instead of careful figures. Mr. J. H. A quite PARTS THAT MAKE UP A Fancier, may an illustration, which gives from prove useful to many readers. cut will be readily understood aid of the annexed key: 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 Crop. Wattle. Beak. Comb. Face. Deaf ear. Earlobe. 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 8 Hackle. ‘10 Back. 11 Sickle. 12 Tail. Here Southern a gqgod idea with and The the Tail coverts. Saddle. Secondaries. Wingcoverts. Floff. Hock. Shank or leg. we _ find and There. The California Fruit Grower places the pests it has entirely cold, be drawn when it may barrels and tightly bunged. in orchards. and esne- become into The effect of the scalding, if done at the right time, is two fold. It, quite the fermentation leave it a sweet Beans are being sent from California in large quantities to supply the deficiency in the eastern states. The orange crop of Florida, according to The Florida Dispatch, is estimated at destructive to stand and settle until thoroughly cleanses the cider a good horse, 4 years-of age, for $150 it is a good bargain. A top buggy will gallons. cost $125, cutter $25, harness $20, robe At the Danville Tobacco exposition $10, blankets $38, comb and brush §2, 1,800 samples of all grades of tobacco, whip $2, which amounts figure $837. Virginia, North Carolina, South Caropipe with a trap in it. A trap is Now if we take all into consideraTennessee, were displayed. made by bending: the pipe down tion these will last on an average linaTheand new bureau of correspondence years. Perhaps the wagon micht and up, making a bend that is ten last longer, but it would need repairing with agricultural stations, authorized to be established at the last session of conin that time; on the whole ten years isa constantly full of water and thus long average, as the horse might be gress, has begun work at. Washington. preventing. air from. coming into worthless in five years. Professor W. O. Atwater is director. Professor W. H. Welch, Dr. E. O. If it costs $3837 for ten years, it would the bottom of the house. If a space. be at the rate of $33.70 per year, and the Shakespeare and Professor T. J. Burrill is left between the ice and the wall interest on the whole outlay at 6 per constitute the commission appointed by commissioner of agriculture to inand that filled with sawdust, so cent. would be $20.22. Add to this at tke least four tons of hay, which has aver- vestigate the subject of swine diseases in |; much the better, although if the aged in the past ten years $12 per ton, the United States and methods of their one ton of straw for bedding, $7; traatiment and prevention. walls are constructed as we have de- -$48; ninety bushels of oats at 35 cents per SAVING TREES FROM MICE, scribed, the latter filling isnot abso- bushel, $31.50; shoeing $5, and it would cheap job to care for a horse, wash Some o}' the Safeguards Against These Pests lutely necessary. Put two or be,a wagons, etc., for $1 per week, which Described. three feet of sawdust on'top of the would bring the price to $52 per year, or As many farmers know, mice are often the sum total of $197.42 for the year at ice. vet the When fire is applied the heat will cause a large amount of scum to rise at once to the top to be skimmed off. The heating should cease as soon as the boiling point is reached, when the cider is again placed in clean open casks 21 Keel or breast bone. 1 to 21 Breast or body. 22 Wing bow or shoulder. total yield of wine for the season of 1888 in the state of California at 17,000,000 And effective way of cleansing 20 Spur. the following estimates: figures. to settle Considerable ignorance also prevails/| into large copper kettles, or for large regarding the parts that make up a fowl. quantities an old copper still, holding For the benefit of novices is here reprothree or four barrels, will be better. duced down. When one row has been fin- ished, another may be made by putting up little above freezing may be considered the best temperature for winter keeping of Keeping and stops at the right point to and pleasant drink. While the cider thus treated will after- wards taste somewhat of the scalding, it will not be unpleasant to those who like it sweet, and is to be preferred to cider in which the fermentation rested by Cider mustard seed has or been ar- chemicals. clear day, using grape scissors to handle and Storing as clean, dry not earthen jars, in layevs a bunch deep, and filling the jar in this way: Place a double sheet of paper over the the lid. Strong, top layer and put unbleached muslin on is pasted entirely over the lid or cover of the jar: when the covering has fully dried and hardened the jars are buried on a dry knell: beyond the action of the frost, a stake being placed over each jar to locate it accurately. THE WESTERN WEEKLY CURRENT MARKET REPORT. saturday, Jan. 12, 1889. oe oS Butter, @ tb a. 8 62) Avy © 5 doz Bog at eat | 97 > ae Zi | 8 25 2214) 95:| 95 Flour, #9 hun’d |3 003 00, ,2 659 Bran, “ ee Shorts 5 90 125 | 60 | 90 Pe ontt 101 25| 70 |1 00 Oats if f130 0 10 Barl CG 1 00 Co Sap = Doakansa Ane (OE 90 Wheat, # bu. Beef, 1 00) 90 ah 96 100) 90.2. 88 oar age OPN 5) 6 351 Bees , aga 72 %¥ ib Mutton ‘“ 5 Pork 90 35 ee | tenes aig # 414) 8 a ae eames Rabie OSes Veal Bee 10°} Peaches, dried, (= 1 @ ie Plums, PPIs, e 74 6 1, [7 erage i “ Apricots ee 95 99° 20) Potatoes 9511 25 eS ESO Onions Be See 1 25) ot «aT oth SOO 20 i i 6.15 QUE Qasr “10. 10 10 OTOGU, Cen Tb MO eg bu,| 70'| “ 40:| i eer 5 40 oa or | cers 2 | fas | 2? jag dry] | green i ‘Bleaching so much, removing all imperfect berries and placing in treated in any of these ways will Wool, 4 not afterwards make good vinegar. Where the quantity of cider to be made Hides will not justify the expense of casks, the | cider may be fermented and settled in barrels, bungs open, by drawing from one |. gf to another. Grapes. The late E. P. Roe kept Catawba, Isabella, Diana and Iona by picking on a be drawn off or dipped out of the casks FOWL. 3,000.000 boxes this year. _moderate sediment cider and preventing after fermentation is to scald it just after it has been slightly fermented and settled. To do this it may Andre, with a view to enlightening the uninitiated, gave recently in Rural Home If one purchases time for the to abstract by natural means the minute particles of pomace that are held in solution by the cider. THE roots Eggs, from of Scalding. at the bottom before anything elseis done with it. Nothing is more important than rig. The latter gentleman's system proved a failure, while Pasteur’s system scored be stored in any cellar where there is no fire heat. One plan is to place it in boxes a little less indepth than the celery is high, and from eight to ten inches wide. Place a few inches of sand on the bottom of the box and pack the celery in as tightly will long enough to ferment slightly, so as te cause a considerable scum to rise to the surface, when it may be skimmed off, and experiments under conmerits of the two systems inoculation were tried— and thatof P. H. H. Geh- closely with a protection of straw, leaves, etc., .is given to keep off the frosts. If the celery:crop is a small one it may The shephcrd would rather see his wife enter the stable on Christmas day than There In the test sideration, the of preventive that of Pasteur is packed same position as they grew, celery. sometimes practiced is to take straight grained 4 by 4 spruce joist or scantling, venting fermentation, but in any case the cider ought to stand in large, open casks A SHEEP. trench plants set in ent parts of the orchard, where the mice will be sure to find them. One method Pomace—Effects OF When the another board eight or nine inches from the first; this may be continued as long as. desired, or till the cellaris full. A An INOCULATION adheres to the roots when they are lifted. to protect a tree. They can be kept in the form of a tube by means of a small’ wire passed around them and the ends twisted together. Some orchardists depend upon poison placed in convenient receptacles in differ- THE PREVENTIVE ‘and about one foot wide, and placing the plants therein, retaining all the soil that them a little larger in diameter than the trees. Old tin cans used for packing as possible without bruising. The boxes vegetables, oysters and meats can be thus packed may. be placed on the floor of utilized for this purpose to good advan- the cellar. Larger quantities can be stored tage. These should first be placed ina ‘in acellar as follows: Place a board on fire until the solder which holds the edge eight or nine inches from the wall, heads and fastens the sides is .melted. put afew inches of dirt or sand on the Two cans riveted together with malleable floor, peck the celery in perpendicularly, the sun. If the sun shines through the apple tree on Christmas day, there will be an abundant crop the following year. least that keeps well; so large that there may be a space between it and the ice all around of at least 18 inches, to be filled with sawdust packed solidly, put inasthe ice is laid up. lLaya floor of rail pieces, packed closely and solidly, one foot deep. This Protect from surfor drainage. face water by a shallow ditch cut around the outside. There must be a free circulation of air over the ice. =The gables may be leftjen- down aroulid the trees for protection, and when a of ice 12 feet square and 10 feet high is the depend upon tramping augur. Vocabulary. Many of the technical terms used by growers of poultry are misapplied because not fully cially do young apple orchards sutter from their depredations. In countries where snow abounds, orchardists, as a rule, cock and cockerel, for instance, are often confounded. The former is properly applied only toa male fowl ver one year At Fig. 1 in the annexed cut is shown old, while cockerel isa name not applia microscopic view of the blood of a cable if a bird is a year old. Chick is water from melting snow will not be reliterally a newly hatched fowl, while tained in the blocks. These blocks should sheep in health; at Fig. 2 its appearance when affected with anthrax. showing chicken applies indefinitely to any age be gathered in the spring as soon as the under one year old. The term clutch is snow is gone, and their contents burned. also the rod shaped bacillus in large numbers. Now the anthrax bacilli live properly applied, both to the batch of The blocks can then be packed away for prein the oxygen in the blood and so do the eggs sat upon by a fowl and tothe brood another season’s use. They can be therefrom. The pared under cover during rainy weather. blood cells. The death of the animal of chickens hatched word breed is used to designate any vahere mulch of straw or meadow hay affected, therefore, is due to the bacilli warring with the blood corpuscles for riety of fowl presenting distinctive char- has been applied to the young trees duracteristics. Brood means the family of ing the summer, it should be removed the possession of the oxygen and gaining it. The supply of oxygen is limited, chicks belonging to a. single mother. before winter sets in, as it affords exbeing mainly kept up by the circulating Broody isa term applied to a fowl that cellent shelter for the little pests. desiresto sit or incubate. A _ race of blood, and when disease arrests this pro. The Farmer’s Yule Tide Proverbs. cess the animal dies by asphyxia as cer- fowls that have been carefully bred by one breeder or his successor for a, numA light Christmas, a heavy sheaf. tainly as if it had been atrangled by any ber of years and has attained an individA warm Christmas, a cold Easter. other means. enough to hold sawdust anda root But the on anthracis that is the cause of the disease, and not the disease that gives rise to the germs in the blood. close of bords and clapboards. keep a_horse and have no real business for it and co not keepa cow, when the cost of keeping a horse will keep two cows, and yet they co not see how they can keep a cow. INTEREST. or penne eet ern Farming and ADVICc WEEKLY. ees | tae a 8 6 ork 8 Peas | ee | eee “Ag aa oan Ce Celery. With the increased consumption of cel- ery, improved modes been adopted by in its culture progressive have agricul- turists. Numbered with these improved modes is the plan of bleaching celery by setting up boards a foot wide edgewise on either side of a row of plants and pulling the soil up against the lower edge of the board, so that the light is expelled. The boards are kept in position by short blocks notched to fit them and placed across the top, or any other contrivance that serves the same purpose. The chief advantages claimed forthis mode over the old plan of earth bleaching are no rust in warm, wet seasons, and a saving of labor. The old method of drawing the soil up against the celery gradually until the bleaching is done, is still practiced by many farmers. A plan that has many advocates among small digaing farmers is that of atrench as deep as the nlanta (=> Ogden Report GRIFFIN, Wholesale Merchant. Nephi Report VICKERS. Corrected weekly by H. L. Produce and Conuniseion: Corrected weekly by J. W. Provo Report Corrected weeekly by C. A. GLAZIER. Logan Report Corrected weekly by J: A.McLateGHuin, at Z. C. M. T. Salt Lake Report Corrected weekly by Secretary of Produce Exchange. : Hides and Wool by J. W. Sanpzrs. [25- Where two sets of figures are quoted in same space, price ranges from one to the other. ; |