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Show SALT LAKE CITY, How Custer's Expedition Was Defeated by Indians In the spring of 1867, George Armstrong Custer, with his regiment, the Seventh cavalry, was in General Hancock's expedition against the Indians on the western plains. There he gained his First expericr.ee fighting Indians, observes a writer in the Indianapolis News. This Indian war being protracted until the following year, Custer closed it in the fall of 1868 (November 27) by the battle of river, in which he surprised and attacked a large Indian village. His command killed 103 warriors and took as prisoners 53 squaws and children, besides a great quantity of supplies, thus almost totally annihilating the band. In March, 1873, the regiment was ordered to Dakota to guard the construction of the Northern Pacific railroad, where it came for the first time in collision with hostile Sioux. In July, 1874, Custer headed a successful expedition to the Black Hills region in Montana territory. In the spring of 1876, it was found that a large number of Sioux had confederated against the United States government and Custer's regiment formed a part of the expedition sent against them. On June 25, 1876, it had crossed a divide between the Rosebud and Little Horn rivers. Indians had been seen and no sur prise was now possible; therefore it was determined by Custer to move at once to the attack. He divided his forces into three commands, and with five companies, he himself moved up the right bank of the Little Big Horn river. Striking the Indian village, which was three and a half miles long, in its middle, he was at once engaged in a fierce battle with a force of Sioux which outnumbered his own. The encounter lasted three hours, resulting in the total extinction of the United States troops engaged. Custer is buried in the United States cemetery at West Point, N. Y. Wa-chi- ta By L. L. STEVENSON Children now play where once the wealthy and the Broadway crowd made merry. Two acres of playground mark the site of the Central Park Casino. The Casino was built back in 1864. But not until 1929 did It really become prominent. Then, at an expenditure of about $400,000, a corporation, with a number of the town's as contributing members, transformed it into what might have been called a monument of the Gilded age. Then it became the rendezvous of those who could pay for their fun. New Year's reservations were $15 each and included only a place at a table, something to eat and foolish favors. Ginger ale, sparkling water, etc., came extra plenty extra. At other times, prices were in keeping. Many an innocent visitor, thinking the Casino merely a restaurant in a public park, was much embarrassed by his check for a sandwich and coffee, and some were unable to pay. Park Commissioner Moses holds the view that the city's parks are for all the people and not merely for the elect So the Casino came down. And now kids play on its site. Suits me. Play places for the rich and powerful don't belong in parka unless they can be shared by others with nothing in their pockets. well-know- ns Discovery of what is held to be the smallest livable house in New : York was made recently during a garden tour conducted for the benefit of Greenwich Village settlement house. It is on Jones street in the rear of a apartment building with an entrance through an underground passage at No. 28. The little brick house stands in the midst of a beautiful garden and is itself decorative. Its two stories extend upward 18 feet and it is 20 feet wide and 10 feet deep. Each floor is one room. The occupant of the city's smallest house is a young Wellesley graduate who lives alone and calls herself a recluse. Tradition has it that the little house was once a "slave house." There are many legends concerning it but its real history seems somewhat obscure. Seems as if it would be fun dwelling in a place like that Ancient Prayer Praised Work of Agriculturists is "It only agriculture which helps A clipping, which first appeared about 50 years ago and which lately made its appearance in a slightly modified form to fit the times, was sent to me by Mrs. Helen Hawkins, Piney Fork, Ohio. It gave me a chuckle so I'm passing it along. "After Jessie had been at board-in- g school a few weeks, she began signing her letters home, "Jessica." Brother Tom thought he would give her a little dig about it so he wrote: "Dear Jessica: Dadica and Mom-ic- a have gone to visit Aunt Lizzica. Uncle Samica is talking of buying a new machinica but he doesn't know whether to get a Fordica or Chevica. The old cowica has had a calfica. I was going to call it Nellica, but changed it to Jimica because it was a bullica. Your affectionate brother, Tomica." Writes E. L. from Chicago: "In a restaurant near Times Square last week, some one traded hats with me. As far as appearances ' went, I lost money because my hat was new and the one I received in 'exchange had undergone long and arduous usage. However, in searching for initials or other marks that might lead to identification of the bill swapper, I found a beneath the sweat band. As I had paid a Loop store $7.50 for my kelly, I take the viewpoint that some smart New Yorker paid me $2.50 for wearing it to your town." ten-doll- ' 6 Friends of Frank Black have no ticed that he never becomes enthu siastic over a piece of music until he finds out who composed it. It seems that the prolific Black has been embarrassed no end on several occasions by expressing complete approval of a song or an arrangement only to discover later that he had written it himself several years before. e Ball Syndicate. I WXU Scrvlrt. Old Typewriters Prized London. In a garret in a house in Ashstead, Surrey, Commander R. T. Gould keeps his collection of typ- ewritersthe second largest in the world. There are 40- 50- and -, -, a man not to be a beggar, and it is only through agriculture that a man can be famous in the world by being called a king. Even persons who possess gold, silver, jewels, and clothing beg from agriculturists. It is food which is life; it is food which is strength, and it is food that is the source of all life. Agriculture is the life of all animals." This quotation is taken from a Sanscrit manuscript of B. C. 1300 in a prayer to "The Glory of Para-sara- ," a Hindu saint, revered for centuries as the prototype of agricultural science. More than 1,000 years, however, before the advent of Parasara, the farm as the source of food, clothing, and the other necessaries for feasting and rejoicing at the various national festivals, particularly at the coming of spring, was emphasized and recorded in the statutes of in China by the Emperors Fu-h- i B. C. 2852 and Shounung in B. C 2800, the latter being known as "the divine labourer and inventor of agricultural implements." The Name Cabal The name cabal is used to indicate a small party formed to further personal or party ends. Usually employed in a political sense, it is often used otherwise in business, etc. It is a "coined" word, and has a very interesting history, notes a writer in London Answers Magazine. The cabinet of Charles II was composed of the following: Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. These men had many enemies, who took their initials C. A. B. A. L. and strung them into a name for the cabinet. There is another theory, however, that this use served to popularize the word, which was in use in England long before the time of Charles II. It is said to be derived from the Hebrew, "qabbalah," meaning accepted tradition. Morro Castle Morro castle is a fort at the entrance to the harbor of Havana, Cuba. It was erected late in the Sixteenth century to protect the city from English, French and Dutch buccaneers. It is an impressive landmark of interest to tourists. The fort was also used as a prison. Morro castle was captured by the British under Pocock in 1762. The fort at the entrance to the harbor of Santiago de Cuba is also called Morro castle and was built shortly after the Morro castle of Havana. It was taken by the Amern ican forces in the war (1898). Morro castle on the harbor of San.Juan, Puerto Rico, is also a picturesque old Spanish fort. . Spanish-America- 60-ye- ar old machines, some ribbon-lessome fantailed and some with wooden parts. s, Treed Trout Caught at Debut in Fishing Mrs. Eliza Silverton, Ore. x eighty-siyears old, Hathaway, had never fished in her life, but she tells a fish tale as unique as those told by veteran sportsmen. Hearing a thrashing in the creek near her home at Silverton, she investigated and found a trout impaled on a wilen-inch low limb. She picked up the trout her first and only catch. fifte- Shingling for Men Shingling is an ancient British industry, and is practiced only in one place in the world the rolling mills of the G. W. R. at Swindon, says a writer in Magazine. It is the old art of hammering white-ho- t iron. The shingler dons a queer form of protection from flying sparks and chips of burning metal. His wire gauze face - guard, white smock, and immense iron knee-boomake him look like a a knight in armour. Armed-withuge pair of tongs which most men would find it difficult to handle, he lifts white-ho- t billets of metal and places each accurately under the face of a rising and falling drop Tit-Bi- ts ts h hammer. IT All, FRIDAY. JULY GEYSER SPOUTS IN YELLOWSTONE LAKE SO, 1937 There was no permanent seat of government during the RevolutionStrange Pkenomenan AdJa to ary war, recalls a writer in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. The articles Wonders of Park. of confederation provided that "congress shall have power to adYellowstone Pink, Wyo. T, c at any tune within the year journ whii-Yelpent-uunderlies energy to and any place within the United lowstone National park found a now vent early this summer in the form States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duraof a new geyser which has sprung tion than the space of six months." up within the confines of YellowWhen it could, the congress sat, stone lake. the war. in Philadelphia. But during Ranger naturalists this spring ' heard strange rumblings only a few the tored coats" were as anxious to congress as any of its memfeet from shore in the West Thumb go and the patriots were obliged area of the lake. After giving off bers, some steam and emitting sounds to adopt a sort of itinerancy. Congress was in session in Philasimilar to gigantic hammering, the hot spring threw water into the air delphia in December, 1776, when to a height of approximately 60 feet. seeing that the British were likely to force themselves upon the hosDr. C. Max Bauer, park naturalof that city, it adjourned to ist who has made a study of the pitality Baltimore. It soon returned to Philstrange phenomenon, is unable to but after the American deadelphia, predict whether a new permanent feat at September 11, geyser has started or whether tlie 1777, it Brandywine, water spout is only temporary. It then to moved to Lancaster, and York, Pa. has erupted sufficiently during the From the first session to the last, summer, however, to indicate that the Continental congress met as folit may continue for some time. lows: The geyser is particularly unusuAt Philadelphia, September 5, to Dr. because al, according Bauer, 1774. and May 10, 1775; at Baltithe crater is completely under wamore, December 20, 1776; at Philter. Rocks have been scattered about adelphia, March 4, 1777; at Lancasalong the shoreline near the crater, ter, September 27, 1777; at York, and trees on the bank within the September 30, 1777; at Philadelphia. immediate vicinity have been killed. July 2, 1778; at Princeton, N. J., The shoreline has been badly torn June 30, 1783;. at Annapolis, Novem-- , up for a space of nearly 50 feet. No ber 26, 1783; at Trenton, N. J., Jan-1, 1784; at New York, ( danger to buildings or equipment is foreseen by ranger naturalists in uary 11, 1785. New York continued to be the seat of congress until the the area. Because new geysers are con- adoption of the Constitution. stantly appearing and old ones are constantly ceasing to play. Dr. Bauer will not say whether the "E Pluribus Unum," the new lake phenomenon will take its U. S. Great Seal Motto place with the more than 200 active Pluribus Unum" one from' "E craters within Yellowstone National many is the Latin motto which ap- -' park. pears on the obverse of the great seal of the United States. It is thus the "official'' motto of the governRental of Toys to Kids ment, and by act of Congress is also Is Latest Enterprise inscribed on the coins. The motto was originally proposed Kansas City, Kan. An institution which lends toys to children on August 1, 1776, by a committee' at a small rental, similar to the of three which had been appointed, method by which books are ob- by the Continental Congress to pre tained from a rental library, has pare a device for a state seal. The committee consisted, incidentally, of been organized here. The project was started by Frank Benjamin rtanklin, John Adams Ventura, WPA supervisor for the and Thomas Jefferson. Their suggested seal, states a recreation department of Kansas in the Cleveland Plain Deal writer 14 men and been have City, Kan., not was er, given employment mending and re- it was not accepted, however, and until June 20, 1782, that will which rented be toys painting the motto was adopted as part of the to children. second and successful device, which Boys and girls who wish to make use of the toys will be issued cards was submitted by Charles Thomsimilar to those used by libraries. son, secretary of Congress. It was in 1796 that Congress diThe length of time a child will be the employment of "E Plurirected to permitted keep a borrowed toy will depend upon the supply and bus Unum" on the coinage. On the seal it is inscribed upon a demand, Ventura said. Some toys great scroll issuing from an eagle's will be lent for only a week, whereIt also so appears on many as others in less demand can be mouth. coins. kept for a month. The motto itself is an ancient The idea of lending toys originated in California, Ventura said, and turn of phrase, to be found in a numhas spread to other cities, where it ber of the classical authors. has proved successful. The Spaniel From Spain The Spaniel, once called Espaniol, Story Reveals Old Plan originally from Spain as the to Annex Canada to U. S. came name signifies. It is not known A plan to anPembina, N. D. when the spaniel first came to Engnex the Canadian Northwest to the land. Early writers refer to Water United States to which a Minne- Dogges and Irish Water Spaniels sota governor allegedly figured in but it is belived that both these 1869 is revealed in an old account breeds are descended from the found here. French Barbet, the ancestor of the .The article records that a party poodle. The old English Water Spanled by Gov. William R. Marshall iel, the progenitor of the modern made a trip from St. Paul to Win- family of spaniels, was a distinct nipeg, Man., then to Fort Garry, breed, much like the spaniels of while the Manitoba rebellion instilater times, says a writer in the Los gated by the mixed blood, Louis Riel, Angeles Times, except for his coat was in progress. The Minnesota gov- which is curly like the poodle. ernor sought to have Riel "give Breeds that have been developed himself up to the United States" from the original spaniel family in a plan whereby this country are Clumber Spaniel, Cocker Spanwould annex the Northwest terriiel, Field Spaniel, Welsh Springer tory and establish Riel as "governor Spaniel, English Springer Spaniel,' Sussex Spaniel and Irish Water of Manitoba." Spaniel. Ark of Covenant Hnnted Jerusalem. A search for the sa"The Borders" cred Ark of the Covenant and the The country lying south of EdinTen Commandments is being made on Mount Ebal in the Holy Land by burgh, Scotland, is called "the Borders" and reveals the ancient casan Englishman and an Irishman and romantic monuments of the founders of a new London re- tles Middle the In this area are known the as "true the remains ages. ligious society of Melrose, Jedburgh law party." and Dryburgh Abbeys. A more modern note is in the district of the Would Save Old Theater house, the manor built by Mo. Civic leaders Boonville, Sir Walter Scott. Westward is the have asked the state legislature for "Burns county," which attracts visaid in preserving Thespian hall, said itors as the birthplace of Scotland's to be the oldest theater building great poet near Ayr. west of the Alleghenies. p No-emb- er - Ab-botsf- Skunks Are Weleome Painesville, O. Youngsters here are welcoming the presence of skunks. Hide dealers are paying unusually handsome premiums for their pelts. Rats Are Friends of Montana Miners Zortman, Mont. The Piper of Hamelin with his magic flute may be welcome in most cities and towns to drive out rats, but there is one spot in the United States where he would be totally unwanted. Under strict orders from the management, the employees in the mines near this small mining community protect the hundreds of rats that scurry from tunnel to tunnel and regard them as their friends. The rodents have saved many miners from injury and possible death because of their uncanny sense to detect a cave-in. "freedom of City," Just When the Government Was Australian Aborigines Without Permanent Seat Were Natural Wanderers Wells Wells were primitive man's first means of obtaining water in places removed from lakes and streams. Arabs in the Sahara desert have dug them for centuries. The deeper the well the warmer the water, since the temperature of the earth increases toward the center. Artesian wells (so called because they were first extensively used in the French province of Artois) have been dug to supply warm water for heating hospitals, greenhouses and Conferring the "freedom of the city," when a distinguished person is welcomed, notes a writer in the The Australian aborigines were true nomads, and lived by hunting as they traveled about. They were less advanced culturally than any other primitixe people discovered by explorers. They had not yet reached the higher stone age. Their weapons and utensils were made of wood and bones. Weapons consisted of clubs, spears, and boomerangs. Their houses and canoes were built chiefly of bark, and were flimsy affairs, put together quickly for short time use. They wore only a small loin cloth to cover their nakedness; sometimes nothing. Subsisting by hunting, growing nothing for food, the tribes were continually moving about from place to place. The only domesticated animal was the dog. When the first white settlers came, their holdings for grazing sheep and growing wheat did not sufficiently curtail the hunting grounds of the natives to cause trouble. True, the natives did nut always respect the white man's boundary lines, and there were clashes that led to killings on both sides. The black men had no idea of property rights in land or animals. To them a sheep was a "woolly kangaroo," fair game for family meal or tribal feast. Sheep killings led to reprisals. Lives of na tives were valued lightly, and sheer slaughter of many followed every massacre of a white man. Indianapolis News, amounts to little more than expression of esteem, but during the Middle ages in Europe the ceremony had a greater significance. "Freedom" was the name given to the privileges of citizenship. A citizen vns called a freeman. In those days Die ordinary person could become a freeman or citizen only by a long apprenticeship to a recognized guild. Occasionally, however, the customary requirements were dispensed with and to a person of great wealth or renown was granted citizenship or the freedom of the city in recognition of his position or his services to the community. His name was placed on the list of burghers and free-- 1 men, and he was entitled to all the privileges of municipal citizenship, including those of voting and hold' ing office. In view of the difficulties involved, in becoming a citizen it was a sub-- ; stantial favor as well as a great honor to receive the freedom of the city. Accordingly the phrase became associated in the popular mind with honor and esteem. Later honorary citizenship was sometimes conferred; that is, the freedom of the city, carrying only nominal privileges, was conferred on eminent purely as a mark of honor. Many European cities welcome distinguished persons by granting to: them the freedom of the city, and the documents presented are modeled after those employed on similar occasions during the Middle ages. In America "freedom of the city,", like "keys of the city," is merely a figurative expression and is seldom employed in the language of the scroll presented to a visitor of distinction when he receives an official reception. non-residen-ts Gold Spike Joined First Transcontinental R. R. It was a gold spike driven with two silver sledges that dedicated the joining of the two railroads which completed the first transcontinental railroad in the United States, observes a writer in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. The Union Pacific was built west from Omaha, while the Central Pacific was built east from Sacramento. The rails of the two road : were joined on May 10, 1869, by a ceremony at Promontory Point, on the tip of an isthmus projecting into Great Salt lake, Utah, from the northern shore. The last spike to be used in the railroad was made of gold, and was presented by David Hewes, a prominent citizen of California. Also, a specially prepared tie of California laurel wood had been provided for the ceremony. Leland Stanford, president of the Central Pacific and formerly governor of California, swung one of the silver v'edges for his railroad. An official of the Union Pacific swung the other one. Immediately after the ceremony the gold spike and the laurel wooi tie .were removed and an ordinary tie and iron spike substituted. The gold .spike is in the museum at Leland Stanford university. Budapest, Hongsry Budapest, or Budapesthi. is a beautiful city situated on both banks of the Danube. Buda is the older town, comprising several small hills, and was founded by the Romans in the Second century A. D. It is the home of the old residential families. Pesth, which is of more recent origin, commands a low, flat plain, and is the center of the industrial activity. It is the center of the largest electrical works in Europe and is a shipping point for the grain, wine, wood, cattle and flour of surrounding countries. The prosperity of the city Hates from the Nineteenth century, after the union of the two cities, and the population is over a million. The word, Pesth, is of Russian derivation, and means oven. It is supposed to apply to the great lime kilns which were once an outstanding feature of the country. In Palestine Like Egypt's amazing discoveries, Palestine contributes her cradle of civilizations to the archeological world. From Cilicia to the outskirts of the Holy Land may be seen the great castles and temples erected by the Crusaders. During two centuries all the expeditions and all the raids of the Latin knights started from these castles. The Frankish castlea are found in these mountains, of which Massyaf guards one of the peaks. The giant ruins, typical of many similar fortresses, rise to a height of over 200 feet and cover practically five solid acres of space. Guards Copper Art The art of coppersmith has been the main industry of France, quaint Normandy village for seven centuries, and throughout this time its secrets have been faithfully passed down from father to son to the twenty-firgeneration. The village industry began in the Thirteenth century when the Knights of Templar formed a commandery here and instructed the villagers in the ancient science of fashioning Villedieu-les-Poele- , an Expression of Esteem s, Woman Sold Fair Winds; Sailors Her Customers The gales which lash the north-coaof Scotland, causing wrecks and demolishing harbor defenses,' particularly at Lossiemouth, roar over the grave of that old Orkney "wise woman," Betsy Miller, of Stornoway, who some two centuries ago claimed to have the power of controlling the winds, says the Man-- ; Chester (Eng.) Guardian. With amazing assurance she set. up as a saleswoman of fair winds, and with even more amazing credulity sailors are said to have been ready customers. It is true that her prices were not exorbitant She would guarantee a fair breeze for sixpence a ship. What i her charges were for a "capful" of I whole gale, or ( wind, a hurricane has not been recorded. She was perhaps a descendant of the women of Lapland, who about the same time used to do a good trade among sailors in selling to them arrows which when shot into the teeth of a storm were supposed effectively to disperse it. st half-gal- e, From Cuttlefish "sepia" colors, familiar in the rotogravure sections of newspapers, are produced by coal-ta- r preparations and are more Color The reddish in tone than the original sepia which was an organic coloring matter obtained from the cuttlefish. The word sepia comes through Latin from the Greek. In ancient times it was used as a writing ink. For INDIAN HOUSE TRAILERS 6 NEW and USED CARS AUTO LOANS and INSURANCE SEE MORGAN MOTOR (i FINANCE CO. 702 So. Main St. Was. 6105 Grant Morgan, Mgr. Buy Only GOOD COAL CallHyland 2520 st CASTLE GATE BLUE BLAZE B ABERDEEN B KING COAL Agents for Sentinel Stokers & Prepared Stoker Coal . Greetings Among the Arabs Among the Arabs of northern Africa, the ritual of greeting demands that the man "looking down" should always speak first, irrespective of his birth, wealth, power or dignity. Thus, notes a writer in Collier's Weekly, the man on a camel greets first the man on a horse, the horseback rider nods first to the mule rider, the mule rider bows first to the donkey rider, the donkey rider to the pedestrian and the pedestr:ar to the sitting man. I Lock of flair for Mourners elaborate funerals in Seventeenth-century America, a mourning brooch, containing a lock of hair of the deceased, was usually presented to every woman mourner, says a correspondent in Collier's Weekly. When a late lamented gentleman was bald or had an insufficient quantity of hair to fill several hundred brooches, men relatives and friends were called upon to meet the emergency. "LOBB'S At on the JOB" SUGAR HOUSE COAL CO. llyland SS30 n'u, 671 |